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Economy of Belgium vs Trinidad and Tobago compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belgium has a GDP of $725B compared to $25.9B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 23/197 and 122/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $771B in government debt (106.3% of GDP), compared to $21.8B (84.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.

Belgium vs Trinidad and Tobago GDP by year

Belgium
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Trinidad
2025 $725,466,462,860 $25,942,749,718
2024 $670,983,130,619 $25,633,544,529
2023 $650,779,364,364 $25,036,993,423
2022 $591,474,463,579 $28,341,164,301
2021 $598,522,422,242 $24,222,963,263
2020 $529,694,473,502 $20,888,515,184
2019 $536,726,344,405 $23,477,745,792
2018 $542,638,913,428 $23,883,058,083
2017 $500,908,767,352 $23,830,750,901
2016 $474,271,566,740 $23,624,322,193
2015 $461,044,767,545 $26,841,141,793
2014 $537,987,419,164 $29,474,180,005
2013 $524,097,026,599 $28,560,537,057
2012 $498,414,364,945 $27,147,349,937
2011 $527,196,649,049 $25,433,007,437
2010 $481,556,503,720 $22,157,920,592
2009 $485,014,525,992 $19,172,165,226
2008 $517,328,087,920 $27,871,587,350
2007 $470,922,156,309 $21,641,620,050
2006 $408,259,840,869 $18,369,361,094
2005 $385,714,762,230 $15,982,389,018
2004 $369,214,712,443 $13,280,291,990
2003 $318,082,528,507 $11,305,459,802
2002 $258,383,599,375 $9,008,298,229
2001 $236,746,141,604 $8,824,849,191
2000 $236,792,460,312 $8,154,342,116
1999 $258,245,733,221 $6,808,982,521
1998 $258,528,339,631 $6,043,686,654
1997 $252,708,051,421 $5,737,771,523
1996 $279,201,433,225 $5,759,570,336
1995 $288,025,588,396 $5,329,217,747
1994 $244,884,129,491 $4,947,181,646
1993 $224,721,795,709 $4,669,491,134
1992 $234,781,652,447 $5,439,552,941
1991 $210,510,999,409 $5,307,905,882
1990 $205,331,747,948 $5,068,000,000
1989 $164,221,056,511 $4,323,058,824
1988 $162,299,103,675 $4,496,910,569
1987 $149,394,404,106 $4,797,777,778
1986 $120,018,787,249 $4,794,444,444
1985 $86,268,264,148 $7,375,918,367
1984 $83,349,530,159 $7,757,083,333
1983 $87,184,239,053 $7,763,750,000
1982 $92,095,926,188 $8,140,416,667
1981 $104,730,018,470 $6,992,083,333
1980 $126,829,314,388 $6,235,833,333
1979 $116,315,456,797 $4,602,416,625
1978 $101,246,526,194 $3,562,333,458
1977 $82,839,905,459 $3,138,666,667
1976 $71,113,882,968 $2,500,424,955
1975 $65,678,189,097 $2,442,669,825
1974 $56,033,077,879 $2,042,001,071
1973 $47,743,801,490 $1,308,785,431
1972 $37,209,418,019 $1,083,391,758
1971 $29,821,661,870 $896,765,215
1970 $26,706,196,047 $821,850,000
1969 $24,019,653,475 $779,200,000
1968 $21,654,856,965 $758,899,950
1967 $20,252,508,995 $761,981,912
1966 $18,894,891,312 $723,739,857
1965 $17,597,783,297 $736,573,159
1964 $16,168,044,450 $711,897,520
1963 $14,445,805,381 $678,239,329
1962 $13,436,827,167 $619,322,810
1961 $12,561,701,694 $584,964,621
1960 $11,810,619,368 $535,673,252

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Trinidad and Tobago by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Trinidad
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,750 - $18,967 -
2024 $56,582 $73,514 $18,733 $36,329
2023 $55,245 $71,946 $18,308 $34,623
2022 $50,639 $69,128 $20,751 $32,979
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $17,713 $30,482
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $15,284 $26,731
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $17,213 $29,316
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $17,571 $28,673
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $17,566 $28,484
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $17,449 $28,232
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $19,887 $29,825
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $21,908 $32,027
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $21,305 $31,746
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $20,332 $31,883
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $19,151 $31,078
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $16,815 $30,778
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $14,634 $29,602
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $21,299 $30,807
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $16,607 $29,355
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $14,153 $27,393
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $12,346 $23,536
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $9,871 $20,674
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $8,445 $18,743
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $6,763 $16,141
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $6,657 $14,797
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $6,179 $13,953
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $5,179 $12,812
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $4,613 $11,735
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $4,394 $10,769
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $4,427 $9,883
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $4,115 $9,099
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $3,840 $8,631
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $3,647 $8,209
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $4,277 $8,129
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $4,205 $7,274
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $4,047 $6,878
1989 $16,525 - $3,482 -
1988 $16,391 - $3,656 -
1987 $15,136 - $3,941 -
1986 $12,170 - $3,985 -
1985 $8,751 - $6,212 -
1984 $8,457 - $6,613 -
1983 $8,846 - $6,690 -
1982 $9,344 - $7,091 -
1981 $10,623 - $6,160 -
1980 $12,864 - $5,559 -
1979 $11,811 - $4,155 -
1978 $10,290 - $3,258 -
1977 $8,427 - $2,907 -
1976 $7,243 - $2,345 -
1975 $6,701 - $2,319 -
1974 $5,734 - $1,962 -
1973 $4,901 - $1,273 -
1972 $3,832 - $1,067 -
1971 $3,083 - $894 -
1970 $2,766 - $829 -
1969 $2,490 - $795 -
1968 $2,251 - $783 -
1967 $2,114 - $797 -
1966 $1,983 - $768 -
1965 $1,860 - $793 -
1964 $1,724 - $780 -
1963 $1,555 - $756 -
1962 $1,457 - $704 -
1961 $1,368 - $678 -
1960 $1,290 - $634 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $60,750, ranking 17/197, compared to $18,967 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,329.

Economic indicators

Belgium Trinidad
Gross domestic product
$725B
2025
$25.9B
2025
GDP rank
23/197
2025
122/197
2025
GDP growth
0.98%
2024-2025
-0.79%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,750
2025
$18,967
2025
GDP per capita rank
17/197
2025
65/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$36,329
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
62/197
2024
Government debt
$771B
2025
$21.8B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
106.3%
2025
84.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$64,598
2025
$15,965
2025
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2025
43/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,730
2026
$10,176
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$3.89B
2001
Number of millionaires
556,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
29.9%
1992
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.1%
1992
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55%
2025
32.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.47%
2024-2025
0.99%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.5%
2020
Unemployment rate
6.2%
2025
4.01%
2024
Population
11967185
1370916

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Trinidad and Tobago
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Trinidad
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55% 106.3% 32.4% 84.2%
2024 54.1% 103.9% 32.2% 81.8%
2023 52.8% 102.2% 32.4% 78.2%
2022 52.5% 103.1% 28.3% 69.9%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 31.4% 80.2%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 35.1% 81.6%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 31% 62.9%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 30.2% 58.1%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 30.9% 57.2%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 31.2% 53.3%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 34.1% 43.2%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 33% 37.1%
2013 55.9% 105% 31.7% 32.9%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 29.9% 32.9%
2011 55% 102.7% 30.4% 39.2%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 31.5% 28.9%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 33.4% 34.2%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 28.2% 24.6%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 26.8% 29.4%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 34.6% 32.7%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 29.5% 36.6%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 23.3% 43.3%
2003 51% 101.7% 23.5% 52.4%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 24.6% 58.2%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 25.2% 54.2%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 24.1% 52.3%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 24.8% 55.2%
1998 51% 119.2% 27.3% 47.4%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 27.4% 51.3%
1996 53.1% 129% 28.2% 51.9%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 26.7% 57.3%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 26.5% 64.8%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 27.3% 59.6%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 28.8% 49.5%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 30% 50%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 27.9% 49.5%
1989 52.3% 126.4% 30.9% 51.9%
1988 53.9% 129.7% 45.3% 65.3%
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government spending was $399B, accounting for 55% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago spent $8.39B, or 32.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 106.3% in Belgium and 84.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 17/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Trinidad
2025 -5.26% -5.46%
2024 -4.36% -5.92%
2023 -4.01% -1.2%
2022 -3.6% 0.96%
2021 -5.4% -8.39%
2020 -9.03% -11.8%
2019 -2.05% -3.72%
2018 -1.05% -5.89%
2017 -0.76% -10.5%
2016 -2.43% -9.84%
2015 -2.48% -7.37%
2014 -3.18% -4.34%
2013 -3.16% -2.7%
2012 -4.35% -1.28%
2011 -4.44% -0.69%
2010 -4.13% 0.14%
2009 -5.45% -4.88%
2008 -1.1% 5.7%
2007 0.07% 3.24%
2006 0.24% -0.3%
2005 -2.72% 0.84%
2004 -0.24% 1.91%
2003 -1.86% 1.9%
2002 -0.04% -0.2%
2001 0.23% 0.62%
2000 -0.08% 0.18%
1999 -0.65% -0.9%
1998 -1.03% -1.83%
1997 -2.15% 0.11%
1996 -4% -0.46%
1995 -4.51% 0.17%
1994 -5.29% -0.02%
1993 -7.71% 0.24%
1992 -8.42% -2.76%
1991 -7.67% -0.21%
1990 -6.99% -1.32%
1989 -7.58% -4.46%
1988 -7.28% -9.34%
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $38.1B, equivalent to 5.26% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of $1.42B, or 5.46% of GDP.

Over the past 38 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.36% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Trinidad
2025 2.47% 0.99%
2024 3.14% 0.53%
2023 4.05% 4.63%
2022 9.6% 5.83%
2021 2.44% 2.06%
2020 0.74% 0.6%
2019 1.44% 1%
2018 2.05% 1.02%
2017 2.13% 1.88%
2016 1.97% 3.07%
2015 0.56% 4.66%
2014 0.34% 5.68%
2013 1.11% 5.2%
2012 2.84% 9.26%
2011 3.53% 5.11%
2010 2.19% 10.5%
2009 -0.05% 6.98%
2008 4.49% 12%
2007 1.82% 7.89%
2006 1.79% 8.33%
2005 2.78% 6.87%
2004 2.1% 3.72%
2003 1.59% 3.81%
2002 1.65% 4.15%
2001 2.47% 5.54%
2000 2.54% 3.56%
1999 1.12% 3.44%
1998 0.95% 5.61%
1997 1.63% 3.63%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.26%, compared with 4.75% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2025, inflation was 2.47% in Belgium and 0.99% in Trinidad and Tobago.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14.7M
Machinery & equipment $7.07M
Chemicals & pharma $2.39M
Raw materials & minerals $2.37M
Metals $1.94M
Wood & paper products $1.68M
Miscellaneous $1.28M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.23M
Raw agricultural goods $929K
Animal & marine products $410K
Trinidad
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $128M
Chemicals & pharma $82.6M
Machinery & equipment $283K
Textiles & consumer goods $117K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $114K
Metals $13K
Wood & paper products $3K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Belgium Trinidad
Current account balance
-$14B
2025
$1.25B
2025
Current account balance ranking
179/190
2025
48/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.93%
2025
+4.81%
2025
Goods imports
$386B
2025
$6.83B
2025
Goods exports
$387B
2025
$10.2B
2025
Service imports
$175B
2025
$2.8B
2025
Service exports
$160B
2025
$1.27B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
77.5%
2025
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
75.5%
2025
45%
2026

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Trinidad
Economic freedom 69.2 62.4
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 87/197
Property rights 91.1 47.3
Government integrity 78.2 45.5
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 58.8
Tax burden 50.6 76.1
Government spending 14.6 71.1
Fiscal health 53.4 86.3
Business freedom 82.5 67.1
Labor freedom 57.5 57.2
Monetary freedom 76.8 81
Trade freedom 79.4 68.8
Investment freedom 85 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Trinidad and Tobago
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Trinidad
2026 69.2 62.4
2025 69 63.6
2024 65.6 60.4
2023 67.1 59.5
2022 69.6 58.8
2021 70.1 59
2020 68.9 58.3
2019 67.3 57
2018 67.5 57.7
2017 67.8 61.2
2016 68.4 62.9
2015 68.8 64.1
2014 69.9 62.7
2013 69.2 62.3
2012 69 64.4
2011 70.2 66.5
2010 70.1 65.7
2009 72.1 68
2008 71.7 69.5
2007 72.5 70.6
2006 71.8 70.4
2005 69 71.5
2004 68.7 71.3
2003 68.1 68.8
2002 67.6 70.1
2001 63.8 71.8
2000 63.5 74.5
1999 62.9 72.4
1998 64.7 72
1997 64.6 71.3
1996 66 69.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 62.4 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 87/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Trinidad
Services, % of GDP
71.2%
2025
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.6%
2025
34.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.73%
2025
0.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$711B
2025
$25.4B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$75,620
2025
$36,080
2025
Total reserves including gold
$56.4B
2025
$5.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
44/177
2025
99/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$9.47B
2025
$404M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
-$453M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$527M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
20%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
19%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/trinidad-and-tobago | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.