Skip to content

Economy of Burundi vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Burundi has a GDP of $3.08B compared to $330B for Chile, ranking 169/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burundi has $1.6B in government debt (52% of GDP), compared to $138B (41.7% of GDP) in Chile.

Burundi vs Chile GDP by year

Burundi
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Burundi Chile
2024 $3,082,433,067 $330,267,137,372
2023 $3,430,949,250 $335,518,054,098
2022 $4,036,192,553 $301,226,575,540
2021 $3,435,598,073 $315,325,547,162
2020 $3,227,847,281 $254,042,159,309
2019 $2,871,555,326 $278,285,058,719
2018 $2,913,411,408 $295,857,562,992
2017 $2,831,362,208 $276,154,259,981
2016 $2,618,093,125 $249,344,863,928
2015 $2,810,532,912 $242,450,355,831
2014 $2,705,826,648 $259,560,978,224
2013 $2,451,624,638 $277,395,018,842
2012 $2,327,402,363 $267,024,782,487
2011 $2,235,812,880 $251,382,573,894
2010 $2,032,135,192 $217,051,209,239
2009 $1,775,495,032 $171,777,900,624
2008 $1,611,835,857 $179,894,594,475
2007 $1,356,199,387 $172,491,076,034
2006 $1,273,375,078 $153,843,518,171
2005 $1,117,113,080 $122,294,145,163
2004 $915,257,323 $99,075,985,774
2003 $784,654,424 $76,492,579,644
2002 $825,394,519 $70,264,045,939
2001 $876,794,723 $71,574,739,561
2000 $870,486,066 $78,339,750,721
1999 $808,077,223 $75,578,685,736
1998 $893,770,740 $81,990,010,704
1997 $972,896,268 $85,741,415,285
1996 $869,033,856 $78,584,098,984
1995 $1,000,428,394 $73,820,425,702
1994 $925,030,590 $57,438,273,591
1993 $938,632,612 $49,934,943,321
1992 $1,083,037,671 $46,538,895,686
1991 $1,167,398,478 $38,232,330,917
1990 $1,132,101,253 $33,428,580,448
1989 $1,113,924,130 $30,101,767,991
1988 $1,082,403,219 $26,174,858,614
1987 $1,131,466,494 $22,605,488,851
1986 $1,201,725,497 $19,197,818,085
1985 $1,149,979,286 $17,933,557,360
1984 $987,143,931 $19,974,595,028
1983 $1,082,926,304 $20,629,678,694
1982 $1,013,222,222 $19,710,229,067
1981 $969,046,667 $35,180,322,211
1980 $919,726,667 $29,586,676,576
1979 $782,496,667 $22,249,574,628
1978 $610,225,556 $16,373,093,554
1977 $547,535,556 $14,272,711,437
1976 $448,412,754 $10,523,479,089
1975 $420,986,667 $7,812,161,793
1974 $345,263,492 $16,584,311,220
1973 $304,339,524 $17,237,336,173
1972 $246,804,571 $12,057,501,635
1971 $252,842,286 $10,999,807,567
1970 $242,732,571 $9,261,006,540
1969 $190,205,714 $8,456,519,044
1968 $183,200,000 $7,286,820,526
1967 $178,297,143 $7,145,068,068
1966 $165,444,571 $7,256,882,086
1965 $158,994,963 $6,183,988,944
1964 $260,750,008 $6,065,708,668
1963 $232,749,998 $5,702,520,146
1962 $213,500,006 $5,765,971,144
1961 $202,999,992 $4,948,564,551
1960 $195,999,990 $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Burundi vs Chile by year

Burundi
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Burundi Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $219.4 $1,195 $16,710 $36,181
2023 $250.6 $1,150 $17,067 $33,145
2022 $303 $1,105 $15,406 $30,932
2021 $265 $1,036 $16,207 $29,090
2020 $255.8 $958 $13,115 $25,351
2019 $234.3 $868 $14,496 $25,612
2018 $245.7 $823 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $246.1 $791 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $232.9 $764 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $254.4 $722 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $250.5 $724 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $234.8 $687 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $231.1 $637 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $230.1 $629 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $216.7 $614 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $198.4 $605 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $189.5 $609 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $166.2 $594 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $161.9 $580 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $147.2 $553 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $125.2 $552 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $111.4 $532 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $121 $545 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $132.2 $528 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $134.5 $519 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $127.5 $523 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $144.5 $533 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $160.3 $513 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $143.2 $513 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $164.9 $548 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $161.9 $619 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $165.3 $634 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $184.9 $640 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $204.7 $636 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $202.6 $598 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $203.6 - $2,278 -
1988 $201.7 - $2,014 -
1987 $215.6 - $1,767 -
1986 $234.3 - $1,525 -
1985 $228.4 - $1,447 -
1984 $200.4 - $1,636 -
1983 $225.2 - $1,715 -
1982 $216.4 - $1,663 -
1981 $212.2 - $3,012 -
1980 $209.8 - $2,571 -
1979 $186.2 - $1,962 -
1978 $148.8 - $1,465 -
1977 $137.4 - $1,297 -
1976 $115.5 - $971 -
1975 $110.9 - $732 -
1974 $93.2 - $1,579 -
1973 $84.3 - $1,667 -
1972 $68.2 - $1,185 -
1971 $69.9 - $1,099 -
1970 $68.8 - $941 -
1969 $55.1 - $874 -
1968 $54.2 - $766 -
1967 $54 - $764 -
1966 $51.4 - $790 -
1965 $50.6 - $686 -
1964 $85.3 - $686 -
1963 $78.4 - $658 -
1962 $73.4 - $679 -
1961 $71.6 - $594 -
1960 $70.9 - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

Burundi's GDP per capita is $219.4, ranking 197/197, compared to $16,710 in Chile, ranking 65/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burundi ranks 196th at $1,195, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Burundi Chile
Gross domestic product
$3.08B
2024
$330B
2024
GDP rank
169/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP growth
4.11%
2023-2024
2.64%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$219.4
2024
$16,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
197/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,195
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
196/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$1.6B
2024
$138B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52%
2024
41.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$114.1
2024
$6,960
2024
Government debt per person rank
184/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,228
2026
$10,247
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$262B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.9%
2020
34.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2020
2.3%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
26.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2023-2024
4.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.03%
2020
8.76%
2024
Population
14833763
19977856

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Burundi
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Burundi Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 22.3% 52% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 28.4% 58.1% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 33.5% 68.5% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 28.4% 66.5% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 29.2% 65.9% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 28.8% 60.1% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 26% 53% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 24.1% 46.9% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 22.6% 46.1% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 23.2% 39.9% 25% 17.4%
2014 28.5% 38% 23.9% 15%
2013 34.8% 37.9% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 37.5% 41.4% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 42.2% 42.7% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 40.8% 46.9% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 38% 25.7% 25% 5.84%
2008 41.2% 102.5% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 39% 129.6% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 36.5% 130.3% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 33.1% 137% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 39.2% 166.1% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 33.9% 159.9% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 21.9% 144.8% 23.2% 15%
2001 22.7% 113.6% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 21.7% 120% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 20.5% 140.6% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 19.9% 138.9% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 18.8% 122.8% 20.6% 12.8%
1996 24.4% 139.4% 20.6% 14.6%
1995 22.1% 117.1% 19.4% 17.2%
1994 19.4% 119.6% 20.6% 22.6%
1993 24% 112% 21.1% 28%
1992 26.1% 93.5% 20.8% 30.3%
1991 19.2% - 21.2% 37%
1990 17.4% - 20.9% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government spending was $689M, accounting for 22.3% of its GDP, while Chile spent $88.3B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52% in Burundi and 41.7% in Chile, ranking 101/185 and 129/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Burundi

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burundi Chile
2024 -4.84% -2.82%
2023 -7.7% -2.27%
2022 -10.7% 1.36%
2021 -4.6% -7.53%
2020 -6.58% -7.1%
2019 -6.4% -2.73%
2018 -6.66% -1.48%
2017 -5.01% -2.63%
2016 -7.11% -2.66%
2015 -7.56% -2.09%
2014 -3.93% -1.5%
2013 -1.9% -0.47%
2012 -3.79% 0.68%
2011 -3.49% 1.43%
2010 -3.64% -0.36%
2009 -5.14% -4.26%
2008 -2.7% 3.93%
2007 -2.51% 7.95%
2006 -9.92% 7.51%
2005 -10.6% 4.57%
2004 -14.9% 2.05%
2003 -13.7% -0.42%
2002 -4.9% -1.17%
2001 -7.78% -0.49%
2000 -5.66% -0.69%
1999 -5.33% -2.02%
1998 -4.43% 0.39%
1997 -4.48% 2.04%
1996 -8.61% 2.07%
1995 -3.72% 3.09%
1994 -1.76% 1.43%
1993 -1.22% 1.41%
1992 -4.16% 2.09%
1991 4.14% 1.54%
1990 8.14% 2.24%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $149M, equivalent to 4.84% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.3B, or 2.82% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Burundi recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Burundi posted an annual deficit equal to 5.23% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.09% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Burundi

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Burundi Chile
2024 20.2% 4.3%
2023 26.9% 7.58%
2022 18.8% 11.6%
2021 8.4% 4.52%
2020 7.32% 3.05%
2019 -0.69% 2.56%
2018 -2.81% 2.43%
2017 16.1% 2.18%
2016 5.56% 3.79%
2015 5.54% 4.35%
2014 4.41% 4.72%
2013 7.94% 1.79%
2012 18.2% 3.01%
2011 9.59% 3.34%
2010 6.49% 1.41%
2009 10.6% 0.35%
2008 24.4% 8.72%
2007 8.41% 4.41%
2006 2.75% 3.39%
2005 13.3% 3.05%
2004 8.18% 1.05%
2003 10.6% 2.81%
2002 -1.37% 2.49%
2001 9.3% 3.57%
2000 24.4% 3.84%
1999 3.39% 3.34%
1998 12.5% 5.11%
1997 31.1% 6.13%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Burundi has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.1%, compared with 3.89% in Chile. In 2024, inflation was 20.2% in Burundi and 4.3% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Burundi
Export category Export value
Chile
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1K

Balance of trade

Burundi Chile
Current account balance
-$475M
2024
-$4.85B
2024
Current account balance ranking
105/190
2024
166/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-15.4%
2024
-1.47%
2024
Goods imports
$959M
2024
$78.1B
2024
Goods exports
$230M
2024
$99.2B
2024
Service imports
$361M
2024
$21.1B
2024
Service exports
$121M
2024
$12B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.4%
2023
30.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
5.29%
2023
33.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burundi Chile
Economic freedom 40.2 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 187/197 20/197
Property rights 27.2 69.7
Government integrity 15.5 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 7.5 90.3
Tax burden 76.1 72.5
Government spending 76.3 78.2
Fiscal health 14.6 94.1
Business freedom 27.2 78.5
Labor freedom 49.9 56.8
Monetary freedom 55.5 75.1
Trade freedom 52.2 78
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 30 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Burundi
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Burundi Chile
2026 40.2 74.3
2025 39.7 73.2
2024 38.4 71.4
2023 41.9 71.1
2022 39.4 74.4
2021 49.9 75.2
2020 49 76.8
2019 48.9 75.4
2018 50.9 75.2
2017 53.2 76.5
2016 53.9 77.7
2015 53.7 78.5
2014 51.4 78.7
2013 49 79
2012 48.1 78.3
2011 49.6 77.4
2010 47.5 77.2
2009 48.8 78.3
2008 46.2 78.6
2007 46.9 77.7
2006 48.7 78
2005 - 77.8
2004 - 76.9
2003 - 76
2002 - 77.8
2001 - 75.1
2000 42.6 74.7
1999 41.1 74.1
1998 44.7 74.9
1997 45.4 75.9
1996 - 72.6
1995 - 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Burundi is 40.2, ranking 187/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Burundi Chile
Services, % of GDP
43.2%
2024
56.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.7%
2024
30.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
34.9%
2024
3.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.61B
2024
$311B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,200
2024
$34,320
2024
Total reserves including gold
$90.3M
2023
$44.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
174/177
2023
45/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$24.8M
2024
-$8.93B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$33.3M
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$8.51M
2024
$3.59B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.16%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
51%
2020
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10%
2023
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/chile | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  7. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  8. TradeMap (2023, retrieved 2026-02-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.