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Economy of Chile vs Syria compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $20B for Syria, ranking 45/197 and 129/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $18.4B (30% of GDP) in Syria.

Chile vs Syria GDP by year

Chile
Syria
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Syria
2024 $330,267,137,372 -
2023 $335,518,054,098 $19,993,439,950
2022 $301,226,575,540 $23,622,827,080
2021 $315,325,547,162 $14,353,205,678
2020 $254,042,159,309 $12,047,752,036
2019 $278,285,058,719 $22,583,045,060
2018 $295,857,562,992 $21,497,782,868
2017 $276,154,259,981 $16,369,843,352
2016 $249,344,863,928 $12,597,854,877
2015 $242,450,355,831 $16,466,863,117
2014 $259,560,978,224 $21,502,061,466
2013 $277,395,018,842 $21,361,254,635
2012 $267,024,782,487 $43,190,318,033
2011 $251,382,573,894 $67,539,428,159
2010 $217,051,209,239 $61,390,830,875
2009 $171,777,900,624 $54,111,735,629
2008 $179,894,594,475 $52,557,913,569
2007 $172,491,076,034 $40,465,318,382
2006 $153,843,518,171 $33,751,788,856
2005 $122,294,145,163 $28,858,965,517
2004 $99,075,985,774 $25,086,950,495
2003 $76,492,579,644 $21,828,144,686
2002 $70,264,045,939 $20,669,357,462
2001 $71,574,739,561 $20,237,024,725
2000 $78,339,750,721 $18,937,052,543
1999 $75,578,685,736 $15,873,875,969
1998 $81,990,010,704 $15,200,846,154
1997 $85,741,415,285 $14,505,233,463
1996 $78,584,098,984 $13,789,560,878
1995 $73,820,425,702 $11,396,706,587
1994 $57,438,273,591 $10,122,020,000
1993 $49,934,943,321 $13,695,962,055
1992 $46,538,895,686 $13,253,565,861
1991 $38,232,330,917 $12,981,833,333
1990 $33,428,580,448 $12,308,624,418
1989 $30,101,767,991 $9,853,395,762
1988 $26,174,858,614 $10,577,041,645
1987 $22,605,488,851 $11,356,215,543
1986 $19,197,818,085 $13,293,205,278
1985 $17,933,557,360 $16,403,539,893
1984 $19,974,595,028 $17,503,078,174
1983 $20,629,678,694 $17,589,277,143
1982 $19,710,229,067 $16,298,929,011
1981 $35,180,322,211 $15,518,201,335
1980 $29,586,676,576 $13,062,420,382
1979 $22,249,574,628 $9,929,681,529
1978 $16,373,093,554 $9,275,200,458
1977 $14,272,711,437 $7,696,011,396
1976 $10,523,479,089 $7,633,528,867
1975 $7,812,161,793 $6,826,980,444
1974 $16,584,311,220 $5,159,557,148
1973 $17,237,336,173 $3,239,487,516
1972 $12,057,501,635 $3,059,681,698
1971 $10,999,807,567 $2,589,851,325
1970 $9,261,006,540 $2,140,384,010
1969 $8,456,519,044 $2,245,011,515
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,753,746,430
1967 $7,145,068,068 $1,580,229,799
1966 $7,256,882,086 $1,342,287,553
1965 $6,183,988,944 $1,472,036,540
1964 $6,065,708,668 $1,339,494,267
1963 $5,702,520,146 $1,200,447,408
1962 $5,765,971,144 $1,110,565,881
1961 $4,948,564,551 $945,244,972
1960 $4,211,103,677 $857,704,413

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Syria by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Syria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Syria
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 - -
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $847 $4,650
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $1,052 $4,772
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $664 $4,593
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $572 $3,738
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $1,110 $3,502
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $1,098 $3,456
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $852 $3,265
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $656 -
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $848 -
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $1,061 -
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $986 -
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $1,898 -
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $2,952 -
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $2,731 -
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $2,462 -
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $2,429 -
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $1,938 -
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $1,719 -
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,534 -
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $1,368 -
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $1,220 -
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,183 -
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,187 -
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $1,138 -
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $978 -
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $961 -
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $941 -
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $918 -
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $780 -
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $712 -
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $993 -
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $990 -
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $1,000 -
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $978 -
1989 $2,278 - $809 -
1988 $2,014 - $898 -
1987 $1,767 - $997 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,208 -
1985 $1,447 - $1,544 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,706 -
1983 $1,715 - $1,776 -
1982 $1,663 - $1,703 -
1981 $3,012 - $1,676 -
1980 $2,571 - $1,458 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,146 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,108 -
1977 $1,297 - $951 -
1976 $971 - $976 -
1975 $732 - $904 -
1974 $1,579 - $707 -
1973 $1,667 - $459 -
1972 $1,185 - $448 -
1971 $1,099 - $393 -
1970 $941 - $335 -
1969 $874 - $364 -
1968 $766 - $293.3 -
1967 $764 - $272.9 -
1966 $790 - $239.3 -
1965 $686 - $270.8 -
1964 $686 - $254.2 -
1963 $658 - $234.9 -
1962 $679 - $223.9 -
1961 $594 - $196.3 -
1960 $516 - $183.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $847 in Syria, ranking 185/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Syria ranks 160th at $4,650.

Economic indicators

Chile Syria
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$20B
2023
GDP rank
45/197
2024
129/197
2023
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
-1.21%
2022-2023
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$847
2023
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
185/197
2023
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$4,650
2023
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
160/197
2023
Government debt
$138B
2024
$18.4B
2010
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
30%
2010
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$820
2010
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
148/185
2010
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$730
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
21.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
28.6%
2010
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
13.4%
2018-2019
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
8.61%
2010
Population
19977856
26829400

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Syria
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Syria
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% - -
2023 27.4% 39.4% - -
2022 26.7% 37.9% - -
2021 33.6% 36.4% - -
2020 29.1% 32.4% - -
2019 26.5% 28.3% - -
2018 25.6% 25.8% - -
2017 25.5% 23.7% - -
2016 25.4% 21.1% - -
2015 25% 17.4% - -
2014 23.9% 15% - -
2013 23.1% 12.8% - -
2012 23.1% 11.9% - -
2011 22.9% 11.1% - -
2010 23.5% 8.61% 28.6% 30%
2009 25% 5.84% 26.7% 31.2%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 22.9% 37.3%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 25.7% 42.7%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 26.3% 45%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 28.2% 50.7%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 31.3% 113%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 32.6% 133.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 28.5% 132.4%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 28% 144.5%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 27.4% 152.1%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 28% 147.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 28.8% 151.2%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 29% 147.6%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 27.7% 141.5%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 29.8% 152.6%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 30.3% 163%
1993 21.1% 28% 29.4% 171.9%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 34.2% 173.6%
1991 21.2% 37% 34.3% 182.4%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 28.3% 189.8%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Syria spent $17.6B, or 28.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 30% in Syria, ranking 129/185 and 157/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Syria
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Syria
2024 -2.82% -
2023 -2.27% -
2022 1.36% -
2021 -7.53% -
2020 -7.1% -
2019 -2.73% -
2018 -1.48% -
2017 -2.63% -
2016 -2.66% -
2015 -2.09% -
2014 -1.5% -
2013 -0.47% -
2012 0.68% -
2011 1.43% -
2010 -0.36% -7.79%
2009 -4.26% -2.89%
2008 3.93% -2.86%
2007 7.95% -2.99%
2006 7.51% -1.12%
2005 4.57% -4.41%
2004 2.05% -4.18%
2003 -0.42% -2.7%
2002 -1.17% -2.02%
2001 -0.49% 2.3%
2000 -0.69% -1.36%
1999 -2.02% -1.47%
1998 0.39% -2.81%
1997 2.04% -1.78%
1996 2.07% -2.83%
1995 3.09% -3.81%
1994 1.43% -6%
1993 1.41% -4.96%
1992 2.09% -7.26%
1991 1.54% -6.57%
1990 2.24% -3.92%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

In 2010, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $787M, equivalent to 0.36% of GDP. This compares to Syria's deficit of $4.78B, or 7.79% of GDP.

Over the past 21 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 7 of those years, while Syria ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 1.57% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Syria.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Syria
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Syria
2024 4.3% -
2023 7.58% -
2022 11.6% -
2021 4.52% -
2020 3.05% -
2019 2.56% 13.4%
2018 2.43% 0.94%
2017 2.18% 18.1%
2016 3.79% 47.7%
2015 4.35% 38.5%
2014 4.72% 10.9%
2013 1.79% 40%
2012 3.01% 36.7%
2011 3.34% 4.75%
2010 1.41% 4.4%
2009 0.35% 2.92%
2008 8.72% 15.7%
2007 4.41% 3.91%
2006 3.39% 10%
2005 3.05% 7.24%
2004 1.05% 4.43%
2003 2.81% 5.8%
2002 2.49% -0.13%
2001 3.57% 3%
2000 3.84% -3.85%
1999 3.34% -3.7%
1998 5.11% -0.8%
1997 6.13% 1.89%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.38%, compared with 11.4% in Syria. In 2019, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 13.4% in Syria.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $222K
Syria
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $124K
Chemicals & pharma $57K
Raw materials & minerals $13K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Syria
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$367M
2010
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
103/190
2010
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-0.6%
2010
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$15.9B
2010
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$12.3B
2010
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$3.53B
2010
Service exports
$12B
2024
$7.33B
2010
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
28.8%
2022
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
6.81%
2022

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Syria
Economic freedom 74.3 51.2
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 155/197
Property rights 69.7 4
Government integrity 67.8 3.6
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 3.7
Tax burden 72.5 87.3
Government spending 78.2 78.5
Fiscal health 94.1 13.8
Business freedom 78.5 33.8
Labor freedom 56.8 37.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 80
Trade freedom 78 47
Investment freedom 60 0
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Syria
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Syria
2026 74.3 -
2025 73.2 -
2024 71.4 -
2023 71.1 -
2022 74.4 -
2021 75.2 -
2020 76.8 -
2019 75.4 -
2018 75.2 -
2017 76.5 -
2016 77.7 -
2015 78.5 -
2014 78.7 -
2013 79 -
2012 78.3 51.2
2011 77.4 51.3
2010 77.2 49.4
2009 78.3 51.3
2008 78.6 47.2
2007 77.7 48.3
2006 78 51.2
2005 77.8 46.3
2004 76.9 40.6
2003 76 41.3
2002 77.8 36.3
2001 75.1 36.6
2000 74.7 37.2
1999 74.1 39
1998 74.9 42.2
1997 75.9 43
1996 72.6 42.3
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/syria | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 51.2 for Syria, ranking 155/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Syria
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
44.9%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
12%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
43.1%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$18.2B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$4,480
2023
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$20.6B
2010
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
62/177
2010
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$1.47B
2010
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$0
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.15%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
35.2%
2007
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
16%
1969

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2010–2021, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.