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Economy of Chile vs Kuwait compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $160B for Kuwait, ranking 45/197 and 59/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $4.68B (2.92% of GDP) in Kuwait.

Chile vs Kuwait GDP by year

Chile
Kuwait
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Kuwait
2024 $330,267,137,372 $160,227,273,053
2023 $335,518,054,098 $165,384,407,116
2022 $301,226,575,540 $183,502,046,694
2021 $315,325,547,162 $148,350,671,489
2020 $254,042,159,309 $111,045,470,606
2019 $278,285,058,719 $140,856,394,861
2018 $295,857,562,992 $138,646,316,351
2017 $276,154,259,981 $120,687,539,806
2016 $249,344,863,928 $109,406,674,125
2015 $242,450,355,831 $114,585,555,689
2014 $259,560,978,224 $162,650,450,685
2013 $277,395,018,842 $174,168,116,535
2012 $267,024,782,487 $174,047,662,680
2011 $251,382,573,894 $154,039,231,246
2010 $217,051,209,239 $115,416,245,242
2009 $171,777,900,624 $105,968,691,905
2008 $179,894,594,475 $147,379,737,230
2007 $172,491,076,034 $114,634,043,362
2006 $153,843,518,171 $101,557,330,723
2005 $122,294,145,163 $80,798,630,137
2004 $99,075,985,774 $59,439,090,601
2003 $76,492,579,644 $47,874,582,232
2002 $70,264,045,939 $38,135,788,414
2001 $71,574,739,561 $34,889,559,870
2000 $78,339,750,721 $37,718,743,480
1999 $75,578,685,736 $30,122,365,849
1998 $81,990,010,704 $25,943,705,784
1997 $85,741,415,285 $30,350,190,704
1996 $78,584,098,984 $31,492,373,309
1995 $73,820,425,702 $27,186,980,647
1994 $57,438,273,591 $24,848,483,838
1993 $49,934,943,321 $23,941,391,391
1992 $46,538,895,686 $19,858,555,215
1991 $38,232,330,917 $11,009,993,703
1990 $33,428,580,448 $18,427,777,778
1989 $30,101,767,991 $24,313,855,653
1988 $26,174,858,614 $20,690,322,153
1987 $22,605,488,851 $22,368,704,134
1986 $19,197,818,085 $17,903,989,745
1985 $17,933,557,360 $21,445,970,614
1984 $19,974,595,028 $21,700,082,753
1983 $20,629,678,694 $20,871,081,080
1982 $19,710,229,067 $21,577,153,356
1981 $35,180,322,211 $25,058,020,338
1980 $29,586,676,576 $28,638,868,356
1979 $22,249,574,628 $24,749,063,922
1978 $16,373,093,554 $15,503,557,496
1977 $14,272,711,437 $14,137,406,741
1976 $10,523,479,089 $13,132,252,802
1975 $7,812,161,793 $12,022,811,621
1974 $16,584,311,220 $13,006,948,296
1973 $17,237,336,173 $5,408,804,607
1972 $12,057,501,635 $4,450,537,925
1971 $10,999,807,567 $3,880,392,195
1970 $9,261,006,540 $2,873,638,851
1969 $8,456,519,044 $2,769,198,892
1968 $7,286,820,526 $2,662,798,935
1967 $7,145,068,068 $2,441,599,023
1966 $7,256,882,086 $2,391,199,044
1965 $6,183,988,944 $2,097,199,161
1964 $6,065,708,668 $2,071,668,533
1963 $5,702,520,146 $1,900,895,857
1962 $5,765,971,144 $1,828,107,503
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Kuwait by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Kuwait
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Kuwait
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $32,718 $52,444
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $34,076 $53,025
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $39,982 $55,043
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $34,019 $50,652
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $25,236 $41,462
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $31,708 $50,703
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $32,068 $51,371
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $29,048 $46,566
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $27,324 $41,862
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $29,882 $45,267
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $44,369 $68,337
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $49,651 $76,813
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $52,155 $82,090
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $49,170 $79,037
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $39,212 $75,184
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $37,907 $80,110
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $55,585 $90,337
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $45,709 $91,435
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $42,947 $89,075
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $36,123 $84,968
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $27,552 $77,227
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $22,691 $69,752
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $18,513 $59,713
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $17,374 $58,553
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $19,296 $58,703
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $15,854 $56,406
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $14,067 $58,344
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $16,977 $57,420
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $18,201 $56,913
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $16,168 $57,163
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $14,930 $53,946
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $14,318 $48,482
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $12,146 $36,149
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $8,147 $23,390
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $10,938 $30,763
1989 $2,278 - $10,965 -
1988 $2,014 - $9,692 -
1987 $1,767 - $10,896 -
1986 $1,525 - $9,077 -
1985 $1,447 - $11,322 -
1984 $1,636 - $11,919 -
1983 $1,715 - $11,965 -
1982 $1,663 - $12,979 -
1981 $3,012 - $15,825 -
1980 $2,571 - $19,032 -
1979 $1,962 - $17,386 -
1978 $1,465 - $11,567 -
1977 $1,297 - $11,238 -
1976 $971 - $11,141 -
1975 $732 - $10,882 -
1974 $1,579 - $12,527 -
1973 $1,667 - $5,532 -
1972 $1,185 - $4,836 -
1971 $1,099 - $4,486 -
1970 $941 - $3,552 -
1969 $874 - $3,695 -
1968 $766 - $3,872 -
1967 $764 - $3,887 -
1966 $790 - $4,176 -
1965 $686 - $4,024 -
1964 $686 - $4,379 -
1963 $658 - $4,445 -
1962 $679 - $4,748 -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $32,718 in Kuwait, ranking 37/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Kuwait ranks 40th at $52,444.

Economic indicators

Chile Kuwait
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$160B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
59/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
-2.56%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$32,718
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
37/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$52,444
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
40/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$4.68B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
2.92%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$956
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
143/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$23,828
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$141B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
50.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
2.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
3.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
2.16%
2016
Population
19977856
5100145

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Kuwait
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Kuwait
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 50.4% 2.92%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 48.3% 3.13%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 39.6% 2.95%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 48.3% 7.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 62.9% 10.2%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 50.3% 10.5%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 51.1% 14.3%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 51.9% 19.6%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 54.1% 9.88%
2015 25% 17.4% 55.4% 4.6%
2014 23.9% 15% 45% 3.43%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 38.4% 3.09%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 38.2% 3.6%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 39.7% 4.64%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 45.5% 6.16%
2009 25% 5.84% 42.9% 6.65%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 40.9% 5.38%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 30.4% 7.05%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 32.3% 7.79%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 28.8% 10.2%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 35.3% 13.9%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 38.2% 17.2%
2002 23.2% 15% 42.8% 21.3%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 41.4% 23%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 29.9% 21.4%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 44.5% 25.5%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 51.7% 25.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 43.8% 24.3%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 42.8% 26.5%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 52% 34.9%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 57.8% 37.7%
1993 21.1% 28% 58.2% 28.8%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 77.6% 27.9%
1991 21.2% 37% 208.9% 45.3%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 122.9% -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Kuwait spent $80.8B, or 50.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 2.92% in Kuwait, ranking 129/185 and 184/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Kuwait
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Kuwait
2024 -2.82% 23.8%
2023 -2.27% 28.2%
2022 1.36% 30%
2021 -7.53% 9.98%
2020 -7.1% 0.14%
2019 -2.73% 13%
2018 -1.48% 17.5%
2017 -2.63% 15.3%
2016 -2.66% 13.1%
2015 -2.09% 16.6%
2014 -1.5% 30%
2013 -0.47% 40.6%
2012 0.68% 40.7%
2011 1.43% 38.8%
2010 -0.36% 31.9%
2009 -4.26% 31.3%
2008 3.93% 21.3%
2007 7.95% 37.1%
2006 7.51% 28%
2005 4.57% 38.9%
2004 2.05% 32.5%
2003 -0.42% 27.2%
2002 -1.17% 31%
2001 -0.49% 45.2%
2000 -0.69% 52.5%
1999 -2.02% 28.2%
1998 0.39% 19.5%
1997 2.04% 29.5%
1996 2.07% 24.3%
1995 3.09% 11.7%
1994 1.43% 1.76%
1993 1.41% -3.12%
1992 2.09% -28.1%
1991 1.54% -145%
1990 2.24% -50%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Kuwait's surplus of $38.1B, or 23.8% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Kuwait ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.09% of GDP, compared to surplus of 16.7% of GDP for Kuwait.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Kuwait
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Kuwait
2024 4.3% 2.9%
2023 7.58% 3.64%
2022 11.6% 3.98%
2021 4.52% 3.42%
2020 3.05% 2.1%
2019 2.56% 1.09%
2018 2.43% 0.54%
2017 2.18% 2.17%
2016 3.79% 3.2%
2015 4.35% 3.27%
2014 4.72% 2.91%
2013 1.79% 2.68%
2012 3.01% 3.26%
2011 3.34% 4.84%
2010 1.41% 4.5%
2009 0.35% 4.61%
2008 8.72% 10.6%
2007 4.41% 5.48%
2006 3.39% 3.06%
2005 3.05% 4.14%
2004 1.05% 1.25%
2003 2.81% 0.96%
2002 2.49% 0.89%
2001 3.57% 1.3%
2000 3.84% 1.81%
1999 3.34% 2.99%
1998 5.11% 0.13%
1997 6.13% 0.68%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 2.94% in Kuwait. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 2.9% in Kuwait.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.6M
Raw agricultural goods $3.54M
Wood & paper products $3.16M
Textiles & consumer goods $305K
Raw materials & minerals $43K
Machinery & equipment $28K
Animal & marine products $17K
Miscellaneous $5K
Chemicals & pharma $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Kuwait
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $72K
Chemicals & pharma $70K
Raw materials & minerals $60K
Metals $55K

Balance of trade

Chile Kuwait
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$46.7B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
15/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+29.1%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$33.4B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$77.5B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$28.1B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$12.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
38.3%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
57.7%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Kuwait
Economic freedom 74.3 59.9
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 100/197
Property rights 69.7 42
Government integrity 67.8 47.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 43.4
Tax burden 72.5 97.7
Government spending 78.2 36.2
Fiscal health 94.1 99.9
Business freedom 78.5 57.4
Labor freedom 56.8 49.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 68.7
Trade freedom 78 75.8
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Kuwait
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Kuwait
2026 74.3 59.9
2025 73.2 59.9
2024 71.4 58.5
2023 71.1 56.7
2022 74.4 58.3
2021 75.2 64.1
2020 76.8 63.2
2019 75.4 60.8
2018 75.2 62.2
2017 76.5 65.1
2016 77.7 62.7
2015 78.5 62.5
2014 78.7 62.3
2013 79 63.1
2012 78.3 62.5
2011 77.4 64.9
2010 77.2 67.7
2009 78.3 65.6
2008 78.6 68.1
2007 77.7 66.4
2006 78 66.5
2005 77.8 64.6
2004 76.9 63.6
2003 76 66.7
2002 77.8 65.4
2001 75.1 68.2
2000 74.7 69.7
1999 74.1 69.5
1998 74.9 66.3
1997 75.9 64.8
1996 72.6 66.1
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 59.9 for Kuwait, ranking 100/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Kuwait
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
55.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
57.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
0.49%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$200B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$63,270
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$50.7B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
41/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
$9.71B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$615M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$10.3B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
17.7%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/kuwait | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.