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Economy of Chile vs China compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $19.5T for China, ranking 45/197 and 2/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $19.3T (99.2% of GDP) in China.

Chile vs China GDP by year

Chile
China
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile China
2025 $357,371,159,575 $19,498,039,388,043
2024 $329,260,633,699 $18,729,668,435,848
2023 $335,802,745,366 $18,270,356,654,533
2022 $301,099,244,104 $18,316,765,021,690
2021 $315,507,493,783 $18,201,698,719,564
2020 $254,103,710,483 $14,996,414,166,715
2019 $278,308,438,545 $14,560,167,101,283
2018 $295,857,562,992 $14,147,765,772,964
2017 $276,154,259,981 $12,537,559,062,283
2016 $249,344,863,928 $11,456,024,084,962
2015 $242,450,355,831 $11,280,814,787,469
2014 $259,560,978,224 $10,674,533,168,257
2013 $277,395,018,842 $9,743,124,247,267
2012 $267,024,782,487 $8,673,664,713,189
2011 $251,382,573,894 $7,671,757,207,851
2010 $217,051,209,239 $6,192,564,874,453
2009 $171,777,900,624 $5,189,577,094,998
2008 $179,894,594,475 $4,667,346,414,522
2007 $172,491,076,034 $3,604,055,822,572
2006 $153,843,518,171 $2,791,498,472,804
2005 $122,294,145,163 $2,317,551,298,052
2004 $99,075,985,774 $1,984,196,551,300
2003 $76,492,579,644 $1,683,903,309,844
2002 $70,264,045,939 $1,489,821,682,051
2001 $71,574,739,561 $1,355,036,590,252
2000 $78,339,750,721 $1,223,754,919,971
1999 $75,578,685,736 $1,103,843,203,576
1998 $81,990,010,704 $1,037,134,141,760
1997 $85,741,415,285 $967,753,570,435
1996 $78,584,098,984 $868,523,936,530
1995 $73,820,425,702 $738,190,896,228
1994 $57,438,273,591 $566,929,539,493
1993 $49,934,943,321 $446,557,291,212
1992 $46,538,895,686 $428,502,354,788
1991 $38,232,330,917 $384,510,452,962
1990 $33,428,580,448 $361,560,229,446
1989 $30,101,767,991 $348,380,566,802
1988 $26,174,858,614 $312,888,888,889
1987 $22,605,488,851 $273,455,156,951
1986 $19,197,818,085 $301,310,144,928
1985 $17,933,557,360 $310,064,625,850
1984 $19,974,595,028 $260,442,857,143
1983 $20,629,678,694 $231,130,268,199
1982 $19,710,229,067 $205,480,916,031
1981 $35,180,322,211 $196,218,253,968
1980 $29,586,676,576 $191,487,500,000
1979 $22,249,574,628 $178,573,913,043
1978 $16,373,093,554 $149,788,617,886
1977 $14,272,711,437 $175,226,595,860
1976 $10,523,479,089 $154,196,810,059
1975 $7,812,161,793 $163,687,619,736
1974 $16,584,311,220 $144,418,433,058
1973 $17,237,336,173 $138,764,340,892
1972 $12,057,501,635 $113,871,930,714
1971 $10,999,807,567 $99,959,013,880
1970 $9,261,006,540 $92,752,930,873
1969 $8,456,519,044 $79,847,786,729
1968 $7,286,820,526 $70,980,323,819
1967 $7,145,068,068 $73,011,350,596
1966 $7,256,882,086 $76,854,053,259
1965 $6,183,988,944 $70,565,994,356
1964 $6,065,708,668 $59,821,862,703
1963 $5,702,520,146 $50,812,227,919
1962 $5,765,971,144 $47,310,737,754
1961 $4,948,564,551 $50,162,299,350
1960 $4,211,103,677 $59,846,235,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs China by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
China
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile China
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $13,862 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $13,293 $27,105
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $12,951 $25,179
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $12,971 $23,032
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $12,887 $20,843
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $10,627 $18,267
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $10,343 $17,601
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $10,086 $16,298
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $8,980 $15,022
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $8,255 $14,157
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $8,175 $13,463
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $7,781 $12,942
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $7,147 $12,228
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $6,405 $11,420
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $5,704 $10,457
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $4,629 $9,411
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $3,898 $8,448
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $3,523 $7,713
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $2,735 $6,935
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $2,129 $5,946
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,778 $5,148
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $1,531 $4,505
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $1,307 $4,007
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,164 $3,591
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,065 $3,258
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $969 $2,964
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $881 $2,690
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $835 $2,483
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $787 $2,297
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $713 $2,088
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $613 $1,884
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $476 $1,680
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $379 $1,471
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $368 $1,276
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $334 $1,105
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $319 $991
1989 $2,278 - $311 -
1988 $2,014 - $284 -
1987 $1,767 - $252.3 -
1986 $1,525 - $282.4 -
1985 $1,447 - $295 -
1984 $1,636 - $251.2 -
1983 $1,715 - $225.9 -
1982 $1,663 - $203.7 -
1981 $3,012 - $197.4 -
1980 $2,571 - $195.1 -
1979 $1,962 - $184.3 -
1978 $1,465 - $156.7 -
1977 $1,297 - $185.7 -
1976 $971 - $165.7 -
1975 $732 - $178.6 -
1974 $1,579 - $160.4 -
1973 $1,667 - $157.3 -
1972 $1,185 - $132.1 -
1971 $1,099 - $118.8 -
1970 $941 - $113.3 -
1969 $874 - $100.3 -
1968 $766 - $91.6 -
1967 $764 - $96.8 -
1966 $790 - $104.5 -
1965 $686 - $98.7 -
1964 $686 - $85.7 -
1963 $658 - $74.5 -
1962 $679 - $71.1 -
1961 $594 - $76 -
1960 $516 - $89.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $13,862 in China, ranking 77/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while China ranks 77th at $27,105.

Economic indicators

Chile China
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$19.5T
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
2/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
4.96%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$13,862
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
77/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$27,105
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
77/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$19.3T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
99.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$13,756
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
47/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$10,414
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$15.5T
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
5,305,000
2026
Number of billionaires
6
2026
539
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
28.4%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.1%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
32.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
0%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
3%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
4.57%
2022
Population
19992079
1403335670

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
China
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile China
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 32.9% 99.2%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 32.9% 90.4%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 32.7% 84.1%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 32.6% 77.3%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 31.9% 72.1%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 34.8% 70.1%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 33.6% 59.8%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 32.6% 55.9%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 32% 53.9%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 31.7% 50%
2015 25% 17.4% 31% 40.8%
2014 23.9% 15% 28.4% 39.3%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 28.1% 36.4%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 27.7% 33.8%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 26.6% 33.2%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 24.7% 33.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 25.2% 34%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 22.2% 26.7%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 17.9% 28.7%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 18.1% 25.2%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 18% 25.9%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 17.6% 26%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 18% 26.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 18.2% 25.6%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 17.2% 24.3%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 16.1% 22.7%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 14.9% 21.6%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 12.6% 20.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 11.5% 20.4%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 11% 21.2%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 11.1% 21.4%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 12.4% -
1993 21.2% 28.1% 13.4% -
1992 20.9% 30.5% 14.6% -
1991 21.2% 37.1% 16.5% -
1990 21% 50.3% 18.2% -
1989 19.8% 51.9% 18.6% -
1988 21.3% 71.2% 20.9% 4.46%
1987 22.9% 81.6% 23.4% 3.6%
1986 26.6% 88.4% 25.6% 3.24%
1985 28.5% 79.8% 25.8% 3.31%
1984 30% 56.6% 26.9% 0.97%
1983 29.2% 45.5% 28.3% -
1982 30.1% 20.3% 27.9% -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while China spent $6.41T, or 32.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 99.2% in China, ranking 126/185 and 26/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

China
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile China
2025 -2.78% -7.87%
2024 -2.82% -7.11%
2023 -2.27% -6.71%
2022 1.36% -7.32%
2021 -7.53% -5.9%
2020 -7.1% -9.56%
2019 -2.73% -6%
2018 -1.48% -4.2%
2017 -2.63% -3.34%
2016 -2.66% -3.33%
2015 -2.09% -2.5%
2014 -1.5% -0.67%
2013 -0.47% -0.82%
2012 0.68% -0.3%
2011 1.43% -0.1%
2010 -0.36% -0.36%
2009 -4.26% -1.72%
2008 3.93% -0.02%
2007 7.95% 0.06%
2006 7.51% -1.13%
2005 4.57% -1.38%
2004 2.05% -1.49%
2003 -0.42% -2.36%
2002 -1.17% -2.84%
2001 -0.49% -2.56%
2000 -0.69% -2.81%
1999 -2.02% -2.3%
1998 0.39% -1.08%
1997 2.04% -0.73%
1996 2.07% -0.73%
1995 3.1% -0.94%
1994 1.44% -1.68%
1993 1.42% -0.89%
1992 2.11% -1.22%
1991 1.54% -1.04%
1990 2.25% -0.72%
1989 5.31% -0.91%
1988 4.07% -2.22%
1987 2.36% -2.08%
1986 -0.92% -1.82%
1985 -2.22% -0.45%
1984 -2.95% -1.44%
1983 -2.67% -1.61%
1982 -1.02% -1.33%
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to China's deficit of $1.53T, or 7.87% of GDP.

Over the past 44 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while China ran a deficit in 43 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.05% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.4% of GDP for China.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

China
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile China
2025 4.21% 0%
2024 4.3% 0.2%
2023 7.58% 0.2%
2022 11.6% 2%
2021 4.52% 0.9%
2020 3.05% 2.5%
2019 2.56% 2.9%
2018 2.43% 2.1%
2017 2.18% 1.6%
2016 3.79% 2%
2015 4.35% 1.4%
2014 4.72% 2%
2013 1.79% 2.6%
2012 3.01% 2.6%
2011 3.34% 5.4%
2010 1.41% 3.3%
2009 0.35% -0.7%
2008 8.72% 5.8%
2007 4.41% 4.8%
2006 3.39% 1.5%
2005 3.05% 1.8%
2004 1.05% 3.9%
2003 2.81% 1.2%
2002 2.49% -0.8%
2001 3.57% 0.7%
2000 3.84% 0.4%
1999 3.34% -1.4%
1998 5.11% -0.8%
1997 6.13% 2.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 1.76% in China. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 0% in China.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $27B
Metals $4.49B
Raw agricultural goods $3.69B
Wood & paper products $2.2B
Animal & marine products $660M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $466M
Machinery & equipment $236M
Transport & tourism services $149M
Chemicals & pharma $131M
Miscellaneous $78.8M
China
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $10.8B
Textiles & consumer goods $6.66B
Metals $2.39B
Chemicals & pharma $2.35B
Raw materials & minerals $1.01B
Miscellaneous $954M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $441M
Wood & paper products $369M
Raw agricultural goods $114M
Precious metals & jewellery $55.4M

Balance of trade

Chile China
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$735B
2025
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
1/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+3.77%
2025
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$2.69T
2025
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$3.75T
2025
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$623B
2025
Service exports
$13B
2025
$385B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
16.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
21.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile China
Economic freedom 74.3 48.3
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 170/197
Property rights 69.7 40.9
Government integrity 67.8 42.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 38.6
Tax burden 72.5 69.3
Government spending 78.2 67.8
Fiscal health 94.1 4.4
Business freedom 78.5 68.7
Labor freedom 56.8 57.9
Monetary freedom 75.1 76.1
Trade freedom 78 73.4
Investment freedom 60 20
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
China
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile China
2026 74.3 48.3
2025 73.2 49
2024 71.4 48.5
2023 71.1 48.3
2022 74.4 48
2021 75.2 58.4
2020 76.8 59.5
2019 75.4 58.4
2018 75.2 57.8
2017 76.5 57.4
2016 77.7 52
2015 78.5 52.7
2014 78.7 52.5
2013 79 51.9
2012 78.3 51.2
2011 77.4 52
2010 77.2 51
2009 78.3 53.2
2008 78.6 53.1
2007 77.7 52
2006 78 53.6
2005 77.8 53.7
2004 76.9 52.5
2003 76 52.6
2002 77.8 52.8
2001 75.1 52.6
2000 74.7 56.4
1999 74.1 54.8
1998 74.9 53.1
1997 75.9 51.7
1996 72.6 51.3
1995 71.2 52

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 48.3 for China, ranking 170/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile China
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
57.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
35.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
6.66%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$20T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$29,160
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$3.75T
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
1/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
$77.2B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$42.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$192B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.9%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
0%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
40.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.