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Economy of Chile vs China compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $18.7T for China, ranking 45/197 and 2/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $16.6T (88.3% of GDP) in China.

Chile vs China GDP by year

Chile
China
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile China
2024 $330,267,137,372 $18,743,803,170,827
2023 $335,518,054,098 $18,270,356,654,533
2022 $301,226,575,540 $18,316,765,021,690
2021 $315,325,547,162 $18,201,698,719,564
2020 $254,042,159,309 $14,996,414,166,715
2019 $278,285,058,719 $14,560,167,101,283
2018 $295,857,562,992 $14,147,765,772,964
2017 $276,154,259,981 $12,537,559,062,283
2016 $249,344,863,928 $11,456,024,084,962
2015 $242,450,355,831 $11,280,814,787,469
2014 $259,560,978,224 $10,674,533,168,257
2013 $277,395,018,842 $9,743,124,247,267
2012 $267,024,782,487 $8,673,664,713,189
2011 $251,382,573,894 $7,671,757,207,851
2010 $217,051,209,239 $6,192,564,874,453
2009 $171,777,900,624 $5,189,577,094,998
2008 $179,894,594,475 $4,667,346,414,522
2007 $172,491,076,034 $3,604,055,822,572
2006 $153,843,518,171 $2,791,498,472,804
2005 $122,294,145,163 $2,317,551,298,052
2004 $99,075,985,774 $1,984,196,551,300
2003 $76,492,579,644 $1,683,903,309,844
2002 $70,264,045,939 $1,489,821,682,051
2001 $71,574,739,561 $1,355,036,590,252
2000 $78,339,750,721 $1,223,754,919,971
1999 $75,578,685,736 $1,103,843,203,576
1998 $81,990,010,704 $1,037,134,141,760
1997 $85,741,415,285 $967,753,570,435
1996 $78,584,098,984 $868,523,936,530
1995 $73,820,425,702 $738,190,896,228
1994 $57,438,273,591 $566,929,539,493
1993 $49,934,943,321 $446,557,291,212
1992 $46,538,895,686 $428,502,354,788
1991 $38,232,330,917 $384,510,452,962
1990 $33,428,580,448 $361,560,229,446
1989 $30,101,767,991 $348,380,566,802
1988 $26,174,858,614 $312,888,888,889
1987 $22,605,488,851 $273,455,156,951
1986 $19,197,818,085 $301,310,144,928
1985 $17,933,557,360 $310,064,625,850
1984 $19,974,595,028 $260,442,857,143
1983 $20,629,678,694 $231,130,268,199
1982 $19,710,229,067 $205,480,916,031
1981 $35,180,322,211 $196,218,253,968
1980 $29,586,676,576 $191,487,500,000
1979 $22,249,574,628 $178,573,913,043
1978 $16,373,093,554 $149,788,617,886
1977 $14,272,711,437 $175,226,595,860
1976 $10,523,479,089 $154,196,810,059
1975 $7,812,161,793 $163,687,619,736
1974 $16,584,311,220 $144,418,433,058
1973 $17,237,336,173 $138,764,340,892
1972 $12,057,501,635 $113,871,930,714
1971 $10,999,807,567 $99,959,013,880
1970 $9,261,006,540 $92,752,930,873
1969 $8,456,519,044 $79,847,786,729
1968 $7,286,820,526 $70,980,323,819
1967 $7,145,068,068 $73,011,350,596
1966 $7,256,882,086 $76,854,053,259
1965 $6,183,988,944 $70,565,994,356
1964 $6,065,708,668 $59,821,862,703
1963 $5,702,520,146 $50,812,227,919
1962 $5,765,971,144 $47,310,737,754
1961 $4,948,564,551 $50,162,299,350
1960 $4,211,103,677 $59,846,235,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs China by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
China
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile China
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $13,303 $27,105
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $12,951 $25,179
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $12,971 $23,032
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $12,887 $20,843
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $10,627 $18,267
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $10,343 $17,601
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $10,086 $16,298
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $8,980 $15,022
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $8,255 $14,157
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $8,175 $13,463
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $7,781 $12,942
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $7,147 $12,228
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $6,405 $11,420
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $5,704 $10,457
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $4,629 $9,411
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $3,898 $8,448
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $3,523 $7,713
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $2,735 $6,935
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $2,129 $5,946
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,778 $5,148
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $1,531 $4,505
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $1,307 $4,007
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,164 $3,591
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,065 $3,258
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $969 $2,964
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $881 $2,690
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $835 $2,483
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $787 $2,297
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $713 $2,088
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $613 $1,884
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $476 $1,680
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $379 $1,471
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $368 $1,276
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $334 $1,105
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $319 $991
1989 $2,278 - $311 -
1988 $2,014 - $284 -
1987 $1,767 - $252.3 -
1986 $1,525 - $282.4 -
1985 $1,447 - $295 -
1984 $1,636 - $251.2 -
1983 $1,715 - $225.9 -
1982 $1,663 - $203.7 -
1981 $3,012 - $197.4 -
1980 $2,571 - $195.1 -
1979 $1,962 - $184.3 -
1978 $1,465 - $156.7 -
1977 $1,297 - $185.7 -
1976 $971 - $165.7 -
1975 $732 - $178.6 -
1974 $1,579 - $160.4 -
1973 $1,667 - $157.3 -
1972 $1,185 - $132.1 -
1971 $1,099 - $118.8 -
1970 $941 - $113.3 -
1969 $874 - $100.3 -
1968 $766 - $91.6 -
1967 $764 - $96.8 -
1966 $790 - $104.5 -
1965 $686 - $98.7 -
1964 $686 - $85.7 -
1963 $658 - $74.5 -
1962 $679 - $71.1 -
1961 $594 - $76 -
1960 $516 - $89.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $13,303 in China, ranking 76/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while China ranks 77th at $27,105.

Economic indicators

Chile China
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$18.7T
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
2/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
4.98%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$13,303
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
76/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$27,105
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
77/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$16.6T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
88.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$11,749
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
47/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$9,826
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$11.8T
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
6,327,000
2025
Number of billionaires
6
2025
450
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
28.4%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3.1%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
32.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
0.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
3.1%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
5.11%
2021
Population
19977856
1402578808

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
China
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile China
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 32.9% 88.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 32.7% 82%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 32.6% 75.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 31.9% 70.1%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 34.8% 69%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 33.6% 59.4%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 32.6% 55.6%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 32% 53.9%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 31.7% 49.7%
2015 25% 17.4% 31% 40.8%
2014 23.9% 15% 28.4% 39.3%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 28.1% 36.4%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 27.7% 33.8%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 26.6% 33.2%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 24.7% 33.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 25.2% 34%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 22.2% 26.7%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 17.9% 28.7%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 18.1% 25.2%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 18% 25.9%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 17.6% 26%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 18% 26.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 18.2% 25.6%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 17.2% 24.3%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 16.1% 22.7%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 14.9% 21.6%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 12.6% 20.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 11.5% 20.4%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 11% 21.2%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 11.1% 21.4%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 12.4% -
1993 21.1% 28% 13.4% -
1992 20.8% 30.3% 14.6% -
1991 21.2% 37% 16.5% -
1990 20.9% 50.3% 18.2% -
1989 19.8% 51.9% 18.6% -
1988 21.3% 71.2% 20.9% 4.46%
1987 22.9% 81.6% 23.4% 3.6%
1986 26.6% 88.4% 25.6% 3.24%
1985 28.5% 79.8% 25.8% 3.31%
1984 30% 56.6% 26.9% 0.97%
1983 29.2% 45.5% 28.3% -
1982 30.1% 20.3% 27.9% -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while China spent $6.18T, or 32.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 88.3% in China, ranking 129/185 and 34/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

China
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile China
2024 -2.82% -7.34%
2023 -2.27% -6.71%
2022 1.36% -7.32%
2021 -7.53% -5.9%
2020 -7.1% -9.56%
2019 -2.73% -6%
2018 -1.48% -4.2%
2017 -2.63% -3.34%
2016 -2.66% -3.33%
2015 -2.09% -2.5%
2014 -1.5% -0.67%
2013 -0.47% -0.82%
2012 0.68% -0.3%
2011 1.43% -0.1%
2010 -0.36% -0.36%
2009 -4.26% -1.72%
2008 3.93% -0.02%
2007 7.95% 0.06%
2006 7.51% -1.13%
2005 4.57% -1.38%
2004 2.05% -1.49%
2003 -0.42% -2.36%
2002 -1.17% -2.84%
2001 -0.49% -2.56%
2000 -0.69% -2.81%
1999 -2.02% -2.3%
1998 0.39% -1.08%
1997 2.04% -0.73%
1996 2.07% -0.73%
1995 3.09% -0.94%
1994 1.43% -1.68%
1993 1.41% -0.89%
1992 2.09% -1.22%
1991 1.54% -1.04%
1990 2.24% -0.72%
1989 5.31% -0.91%
1988 4.07% -2.22%
1987 2.36% -2.08%
1986 -0.92% -1.82%
1985 -2.22% -0.45%
1984 -2.95% -1.44%
1983 -2.67% -1.61%
1982 -1.02% -1.33%
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to China's deficit of $1.38T, or 7.34% of GDP.

Over the past 43 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while China ran a deficit in 42 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.12% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.28% of GDP for China.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

China
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile China
2024 4.3% 0.2%
2023 7.58% 0.2%
2022 11.6% 2%
2021 4.52% 0.9%
2020 3.05% 2.5%
2019 2.56% 2.9%
2018 2.43% 2.1%
2017 2.18% 1.6%
2016 3.79% 2%
2015 4.35% 1.5%
2014 4.72% 2%
2013 1.79% 2.7%
2012 3.01% 2.6%
2011 3.34% 5.4%
2010 1.41% 3.3%
2009 0.35% -0.7%
2008 8.72% 5.9%
2007 4.41% 4.7%
2006 3.39% 1.5%
2005 3.05% 1.8%
2004 1.05% 3.9%
2003 2.81% 1.1%
2002 2.49% -0.8%
2001 3.57% 0.7%
2000 3.84% 0.4%
1999 3.34% -1.4%
1998 5.11% -0.8%
1997 6.13% 2.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 1.82% in China. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 0.2% in China.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $24B
Metals $5.98B
Raw agricultural goods $3.42B
Wood & paper products $2.28B
Animal & marine products $666M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $511M
Machinery & equipment $209M
Transport & tourism services $112M
Chemicals & pharma $100M
Miscellaneous $59.5M
China
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $7.79B
Textiles & consumer goods $6B
Metals $2.28B
Chemicals & pharma $1.96B
Raw materials & minerals $839M
Miscellaneous $801M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $472M
Wood & paper products $318M
Raw agricultural goods $90.4M
Precious metals & jewellery $53.8M

Balance of trade

Chile China
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$424B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
1/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+2.26%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$2.64T
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$3.41T
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$613B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$384B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
17.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
20%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile China
Economic freedom 74.3 48.3
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 170/197
Property rights 69.7 40.9
Government integrity 67.8 42.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 38.6
Tax burden 72.5 69.3
Government spending 78.2 67.8
Fiscal health 94.1 4.4
Business freedom 78.5 68.7
Labor freedom 56.8 57.9
Monetary freedom 75.1 76.1
Trade freedom 78 73.4
Investment freedom 60 20
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
China
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile China
2026 74.3 48.3
2025 73.2 49
2024 71.4 48.5
2023 71.1 48.3
2022 74.4 48
2021 75.2 58.4
2020 76.8 59.5
2019 75.4 58.4
2018 75.2 57.8
2017 76.5 57.4
2016 77.7 52
2015 78.5 52.7
2014 78.7 52.5
2013 79 51.9
2012 78.3 51.2
2011 77.4 52
2010 77.2 51
2009 78.3 53.2
2008 78.6 53.1
2007 77.7 52
2006 78 53.6
2005 77.8 53.7
2004 76.9 52.5
2003 76 52.6
2002 77.8 52.8
2001 75.1 52.6
2000 74.7 56.4
1999 74.1 54.8
1998 74.9 53.1
1997 75.9 51.7
1996 72.6 51.3
1995 71.2 52

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 48.3 for China, ranking 170/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile China
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
56.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
36.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
6.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$19.3T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$26,920
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$3.46T
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
1/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
$154B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$18.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$172B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.89%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
0%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
40.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/china | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.