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Economy of Cameroon vs Chile compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Cameroon has a GDP of $58.9B compared to $357B for Chile, ranking 92/197 and 45/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cameroon has $23.8B in government debt (40.4% of GDP), compared to $149B (41.8% of GDP) in Chile.

Cameroon vs Chile GDP by year

Cameroon
Chile
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cameroon Chile
2025 $58,933,453,924 $357,371,159,575
2024 $53,296,694,320 $329,260,633,699
2023 $48,814,501,547 $335,802,745,366
2022 $44,347,206,073 $301,099,244,104
2021 $45,011,937,347 $315,507,493,783
2020 $40,773,241,177 $254,103,710,483
2019 $39,667,757,528 $278,308,438,545
2018 $39,955,552,190 $295,857,562,992
2017 $36,098,547,033 $276,154,259,981
2016 $33,814,337,044 $249,344,863,928
2015 $32,210,233,020 $242,450,355,831
2014 $36,386,544,706 $259,560,978,224
2013 $33,728,621,180 $277,395,018,842
2012 $30,155,062,329 $267,024,782,487
2011 $30,630,910,495 $251,382,573,894
2010 $27,507,501,821 $217,051,209,239
2009 $27,932,970,317 $171,777,900,624
2008 $27,715,142,033 $179,894,594,475
2007 $23,928,250,433 $172,491,076,034
2006 $20,910,512,975 $153,843,518,171
2005 $19,509,852,207 $122,294,145,163
2004 $18,826,214,136 $99,075,985,774
2003 $15,970,315,035 $76,492,579,644
2002 $12,417,251,350 $70,264,045,939
2001 $10,953,485,349 $71,574,739,561
2000 $10,566,579,295 $78,339,750,721
1999 $11,565,826,465 $75,578,685,736
1998 $11,298,144,990 $81,990,010,704
1997 $10,789,458,433 $85,741,415,285
1996 $11,093,538,846 $78,584,098,984
1995 $10,864,772,471 $73,820,425,702
1994 $8,902,446,252 $57,438,273,591
1993 $16,181,814,713 $49,934,943,321
1992 $12,071,775,335 $46,538,895,686
1991 $11,840,192,296 $38,232,330,917
1990 $12,314,482,628 $33,428,580,448
1989 $11,012,566,195 $30,101,767,991
1988 $12,236,057,362 $26,174,858,614
1987 $13,049,659,981 $22,605,488,851
1986 $11,857,056,199 $19,197,818,085
1985 $8,544,810,498 $17,933,557,360
1984 $7,311,938,026 $19,974,595,028
1983 $6,870,200,010 $20,629,678,694
1982 $6,611,255,964 $19,710,229,067
1981 $6,610,938,617 $35,180,322,211
1980 $6,674,569,047 $29,586,676,576
1979 $5,919,002,983 $22,249,574,628
1978 $4,662,852,583 $16,373,093,554
1977 $3,394,664,024 $14,272,711,437
1976 $2,898,090,002 $10,523,479,089
1975 $2,857,037,371 $7,812,161,793
1974 $2,157,415,533 $16,584,311,220
1973 $1,901,393,361 $17,237,336,173
1972 $1,498,251,890 $12,057,501,635
1971 $1,236,941,394 $10,999,807,567
1970 $1,151,216,993 $9,261,006,540
1969 $1,100,551,489 $8,456,519,044
1968 $1,046,191,218 $7,286,820,526
1967 $936,175,260 $7,145,068,068
1966 $851,112,535 $7,256,882,086
1965 $814,083,266 $6,183,988,944
1964 $776,650,177 $6,065,708,668
1963 $718,320,845 $5,702,520,146
1962 $694,247,864 $5,765,971,144
1961 $652,777,608 $4,948,564,551
1960 $614,206,068 $4,211,103,677

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cameroon vs Chile by year

Cameroon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cameroon Chile
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,972 - $17,995 -
2024 $1,830 $5,589 $16,659 $36,181
2023 $1,720 $5,411 $17,082 $33,145
2022 $1,605 $5,189 $15,399 $30,932
2021 $1,672 $4,794 $16,216 $29,090
2020 $1,556 $4,365 $13,118 $25,351
2019 $1,555 $4,241 $14,497 $25,612
2018 $1,611 $4,011 $15,659 $25,305
2017 $1,496 $3,767 $14,880 $24,295
2016 $1,442 $3,627 $13,650 $23,257
2015 $1,415 $3,498 $13,434 $22,468
2014 $1,649 $3,422 $14,530 $22,554
2013 $1,576 $3,239 $15,684 $22,201
2012 $1,449 $3,060 $15,242 $21,366
2011 $1,514 $2,989 $14,487 $20,122
2010 $1,399 $2,914 $12,633 $17,918
2009 $1,461 $2,879 $10,099 $15,951
2008 $1,492 $2,870 $10,683 $16,376
2007 $1,326 $2,818 $10,346 $16,698
2006 $1,191 $2,704 $9,319 $15,511
2005 $1,143 $2,598 $7,480 $12,550
2004 $1,133 $2,533 $6,121 $11,612
2003 $988 $2,368 $4,773 $10,708
2002 $790 $2,263 $4,431 $10,133
2001 $715 $2,191 $4,564 $9,776
2000 $709 $2,108 $5,053 $9,376
1999 $796 $2,039 $4,934 $8,839
1998 $799 $1,975 $5,420 $8,850
1997 $783 $1,915 $5,742 $8,510
1996 $827 $1,850 $5,334 $7,895
1995 $832 $1,790 $5,081 $7,232
1994 $701 $1,752 $4,012 $6,476
1993 $1,310 $1,731 $3,541 $6,061
1992 $1,005 $1,890 $3,352 $5,563
1991 $1,015 $1,963 $2,798 $4,886
1990 $1,087 $2,032 $2,488 $4,444
1989 $1,001 - $2,278 -
1988 $1,145 - $2,014 -
1987 $1,258 - $1,767 -
1986 $1,179 - $1,525 -
1985 $875 - $1,447 -
1984 $772 - $1,636 -
1983 $746 - $1,715 -
1982 $732 - $1,663 -
1981 $750 - $3,012 -
1980 $784 - $2,571 -
1979 $718 - $1,962 -
1978 $582 - $1,465 -
1977 $435 - $1,297 -
1976 $381 - $971 -
1975 $386 - $732 -
1974 $299.9 - $1,579 -
1973 $271.8 - $1,667 -
1972 $220.1 - $1,185 -
1971 $186.7 - $1,099 -
1970 $178.5 - $941 -
1969 $175.2 - $874 -
1968 $170.8 - $766 -
1967 $156.6 - $764 -
1966 $145.8 - $790 -
1965 $142.7 - $686 -
1964 $139.2 - $686 -
1963 $131.6 - $658 -
1962 $130 - $679 -
1961 $124.6 - $594 -
1960 $119.1 - $516 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

Cameroon's GDP per capita is $1,972, ranking 159/197, compared to $17,995 in Chile, ranking 67/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cameroon ranks 156th at $5,589, while Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181.

Economic indicators

Cameroon Chile
Gross domestic product
$58.9B
2025
$357B
2025
GDP rank
92/197
2025
45/197
2025
GDP growth
3.2%
2024-2025
2.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,972
2025
$17,995
2025
GDP per capita rank
159/197
2025
67/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$5,589
2024
$36,181
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
156/197
2024
63/197
2024
Government debt
$23.8B
2025
$149B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
40.4%
2025
41.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$796
2025
$7,517
2025
Government debt per person rank
151/185
2025
68/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,941
2026
$10,041
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$487B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
81,274
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
31.1%
2021
34.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2021
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
16.3%
2025
26.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.4%
2024-2025
4.21%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.28%
2021
8.89%
2025
Population
31045453
19992079

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cameroon
Spending

Debt
Chile
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cameroon Chile
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 16.3% 40.4% 26.4% 41.8%
2024 17.1% 43.4% 26.7% 41.7%
2023 17.3% 43.6% 27.4% 39.4%
2022 17.1% 45.6% 26.7% 37.9%
2021 17% 47.2% 33.6% 36.4%
2020 16.8% 44.9% 29.1% 32.4%
2019 19.1% 41.6% 26.5% 28.3%
2018 17.8% 38.3% 25.6% 25.8%
2017 18.2% 36.5% 25.5% 23.7%
2016 20.1% 32.1% 25.4% 21.1%
2015 17.9% 31.6% 25% 17.4%
2014 19.5% 20.7% 23.9% 15%
2013 19.2% 17.5% 23.1% 12.8%
2012 17% 14.9% 23.1% 11.9%
2011 17.1% 15.9% 22.9% 11.1%
2010 14.8% 14% 23.5% 8.61%
2009 14.7% 11.3% 25% 5.84%
2008 15.9% 11.2% 21.8% 4.92%
2007 13.5% 13.8% 19.3% 3.9%
2006 12% 18.4% 18.7% 5.02%
2005 11.4% 43.8% 20.2% 7.04%
2004 10.7% 51.7% 20.8% 10.3%
2003 10.6% 51.5% 22.2% 12.6%
2002 14% 56.6% 23.2% 15%
2001 14.4% 62.2% 23.2% 14.3%
2000 14.4% 75.9% 22.9% 13.1%
1999 - 68.4% 23.7% 13.3%
1998 - 67.8% 21.9% 12.1%
1997 - - 20.6% 12.8%
1996 - - 20.6% 14.6%
1995 - - 19.5% 17.3%
1994 - - 20.6% 22.6%
1993 - - 21.2% 28.1%
1992 - - 20.9% 30.5%
1991 - - 21.2% 37.1%
1990 - - 21% 50.3%
1989 - - 19.8% 51.9%
1988 - - 21.3% 71.2%
1987 - - 22.9% 81.6%
1986 - - 26.6% 88.4%
1985 - - 28.5% 79.8%
1984 - - 30% 56.6%
1983 - - 29.2% 45.5%
1982 - - 30.1% 20.3%
1981 - - 26.4% 14%
1980 - - 23.8% 17.4%
1979 - - 24.8% 23.2%
1978 - - 29.4% 26%
1977 - - 30% 16.5%
1976 - - 30% 19.5%
1975 - - 33.6% 28.4%
1974 - - 32.3% 18.8%
1973 - - 30.8% 11.1%
1972 - - 35% 10.1%
1971 - - 27.2% 20%
1970 - - 21.1% 26.3%
1969 - - 18.7% 21.5%
1968 - - 19.3% 17.9%
1967 - - 19.1% 14.9%
1966 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1965 - - 20.5% 12.6%
1964 - - 17.8% 9.6%
1963 - - 18.9% 9.23%
1962 - - 21.3% 6.99%
1961 - - 19.5% 7.97%
1960 - - 19.7% 7.02%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

In 2025, Cameroon's government spending was $9.58B, accounting for 16.3% of its GDP, while Chile spent $94.2B, or 26.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 40.4% in Cameroon and 41.8% in Chile, ranking 133/185 and 126/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cameroon

Chile
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cameroon Chile
2025 -2.01% -2.78%
2024 -1.51% -2.82%
2023 -0.64% -2.27%
2022 -1.11% 1.36%
2021 -2.88% -7.53%
2020 -3.52% -7.1%
2019 -3.65% -2.73%
2018 -2.3% -1.48%
2017 -3.68% -2.63%
2016 -5.79% -2.66%
2015 -2.86% -2.09%
2014 -3.36% -1.5%
2013 -3.54% -0.47%
2012 -1.22% 0.68%
2011 -1.55% 1.43%
2010 -0.57% -0.36%
2009 -0.05% -4.26%
2008 1.94% 3.93%
2007 3.66% 7.95%
2006 6.34% 7.51%
2005 3.43% 4.57%
2004 2.07% 2.05%
2003 3.51% -0.42%
2002 1.59% -1.17%
2001 1.2% -0.49%
2000 2.06% -0.69%
1999 - -2.02%
1998 - 0.39%
1997 - 2.04%
1996 - 2.07%
1995 - 3.1%
1994 - 1.44%
1993 - 1.42%
1992 - 2.11%
1991 - 1.54%
1990 - 2.25%
1989 - 5.31%
1988 - 4.07%
1987 - 2.36%
1986 - -0.92%
1985 - -2.22%
1984 - -2.95%
1983 - -2.67%
1982 - -1.02%
1981 - 2.56%
1980 - 5.41%
1979 - 4.82%
1978 - -0.11%
1977 - -1.11%
1976 - -0.48%
1975 - -0.41%
1974 - -5.79%
1973 - -7.32%
1972 - -12.7%
1971 - -7.98%
1970 - -1.22%
1969 - 0.6%
1968 - -0.79%
1967 - -0.64%
1966 - -1.88%
1965 - -1.64%
1964 - -2.24%
1963 - -3.29%
1962 - -4.31%
1961 - -2.89%
1960 - -3.14%
1959 - 1.56%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - -0.71%
1956 - -1.3%
1955 - -2.79%
1954 - -2.84%
1953 - -4.05%
1952 - -1.82%
1951 - -0.71%
1950 - -0.92%
1949 - 1.71%
1948 - 2.56%
1947 - -0.2%
1946 - 0.12%
1945 - 0.73%
1944 - 0.25%
1943 - 0.81%
1942 - 1.51%
1941 - 1.9%
1940 - 2.64%
1939 - 1.74%
1938 - 1.25%
1937 - 1.42%
1936 - 2.62%
1935 - 4.23%
1934 - 2.42%
1933 - 1.76%
1932 - -0.32%
1931 - -2.73%
1930 - 1.47%
1929 - 1.89%
1928 - 4.11%
1927 - -0.17%
1926 - -3.23%
1925 - 2.44%
1924 - 3.68%
1923 - 2.87%
1922 - -0.23%
1921 - -0.57%
1920 - -1.8%
1919 - -2.53%
1918 - 0.71%
1917 - 0.49%
1916 - 0.98%
1915 - -2.13%
1914 - -2.67%
1913 - -2.23%
1912 - -3.29%
1911 - -3.32%
1910 - -3.17%
1909 - -2.26%
1908 - -0.84%
1907 - -2.39%
1906 - -2.8%
1905 - -1.31%
1904 - -1.6%
1903 - -1.35%
1902 - -3.65%
1901 - -3.93%
1900 - -1.89%
1899 - -0.78%
1898 - -3.84%
1897 - -1.78%
1896 - -5.36%
1895 - -2.31%
1894 - 0.82%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -6.72%
1890 - -3.65%
1889 - -2.71%
1888 - -0.58%
1887 - -4%
1886 - -5.17%
1885 - -2.46%
1884 - -3.23%
1883 - -3.57%
1882 - -2.86%
1881 - -1.83%
1880 - -2%
1879 - -4.34%
1878 - -2.27%
1877 - -3.88%
1876 - -3.17%
1875 - -3.73%
1874 - -4.75%
1873 - -1.94%
1872 - -1.78%
1871 - -2.38%
1870 - -1.83%
1869 - -1.07%
1868 - -2.85%
1867 - -4.31%
1866 - -5.72%
1865 - -1.95%
1864 - -1.07%
1863 - -0.26%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.5%
1860 - -0.07%
1859 - -1.6%
1858 - -1.37%
1857 - -0.3%
1856 - 0.11%
1855 - 0.1%
1854 - -0.2%
1853 - 0.27%
1852 - 0.68%
1851 - -0.39%
1850 - 0.35%
1849 - 0.6%
1848 - -0.25%
1847 - 0.04%
1846 - 0.36%
1845 - -0.21%
1844 - 0.48%
1843 - 0.69%
1842 - 1.1%
1841 - 0.31%
1840 - 0.34%
1839 - 0.25%
1838 - -0.21%
1837 - -0.05%
1836 - -0.17%
1835 - -0.58%
1834 - -0.39%
1833 - -0.45%
1832 - -0.57%
1831 - -0.77%
1830 - -0.51%
1829 - -0.06%
1828 - -0.3%
1827 - 0.07%
1826 - -0.08%
1825 - 0.05%
1824 - -0.37%
1823 - 0.98%
1822 - 1.28%
1821 - -0.19%
1820 - 0.64%
1819 - 0.16%
1818 - 1.52%
1817 - 0.94%
1816 - 1.21%
1815 - 1.53%
1814 - 1.91%
1813 - 2.34%
1812 - 2.79%
1811 - 3.24%
1810 - 3.64%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

In 2025, Cameroon's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.18B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Chile's deficit of $9.94B, or 2.78% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Cameroon recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Chile ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Cameroon posted an annual deficit equal to 0.56% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.54% of GDP for Chile.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cameroon

Chile
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cameroon Chile
2025 3.4% 4.21%
2024 4.53% 4.3%
2023 7.38% 7.58%
2022 6.25% 11.6%
2021 2.27% 4.52%
2020 2.44% 3.05%
2019 2.45% 2.56%
2018 1.07% 2.43%
2017 0.64% 2.18%
2016 0.87% 3.79%
2015 2.68% 4.35%
2014 1.85% 4.72%
2013 2.05% 1.79%
2012 2.74% 3.01%
2011 2.94% 3.34%
2010 1.28% 1.41%
2009 3.04% 0.35%
2008 5.34% 8.72%
2007 0.92% 4.41%
2006 5.12% 3.39%
2005 2.01% 3.05%
2004 0.23% 1.05%
2003 0.62% 2.81%
2002 2.83% 2.49%
2001 4.42% 3.57%
2000 1.23% 3.84%
1999 1.87% 3.34%
1998 3.17% 5.11%
1997 4.79% 6.13%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Cameroon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.77%, compared with 3.9% in Chile. In 2025, inflation was 3.4% in Cameroon and 4.21% in Chile.

Top exports between countries

Cameroon
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $65K
Wood & paper products $19K
Chile
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $39.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $310K
Raw agricultural goods $31K
Metals $8K
Wood & paper products $7K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Cameroon Chile
Current account balance
-$1.75B
2024
-$4.35B
2025
Current account balance ranking
134/190
2024
161/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.28%
2024
-1.22%
2025
Goods imports
$7.77B
2024
$86.5B
2025
Goods exports
$6.79B
2024
$110B
2025
Service imports
$2.4B
2024
$21.9B
2025
Service exports
$1.81B
2024
$13B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.3%
2025
30.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
13.1%
2025
34.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cameroon Chile
Economic freedom 52 74.3
Economic freedom ranking 151/197 20/197
Property rights 28.1 69.7
Government integrity 21 67.8
Judicial effectiveness 10.1 90.3
Tax burden 72.2 72.5
Government spending 91.4 78.2
Fiscal health 94.5 94.1
Business freedom 48.6 78.5
Labor freedom 45.6 56.8
Monetary freedom 75.3 75.1
Trade freedom 57.2 78
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cameroon
Chile
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cameroon Chile
2026 52 74.3
2025 52.1 73.2
2024 53.6 71.4
2023 51.9 71.1
2022 52.9 74.4
2021 53.4 75.2
2020 53.6 76.8
2019 52.4 75.4
2018 51.9 75.2
2017 51.8 76.5
2016 54.2 77.7
2015 51.9 78.5
2014 52.6 78.7
2013 52.3 79
2012 51.8 78.3
2011 51.8 77.4
2010 52.3 77.2
2009 53 78.3
2008 54.3 78.6
2007 55.6 77.7
2006 54.6 78
2005 53 77.8
2004 52.3 76.9
2003 52.7 76
2002 52.8 77.8
2001 53.3 75.1
2000 49.9 74.7
1999 50.3 74.1
1998 48 74.9
1997 44.6 75.9
1996 45.7 72.6
1995 51.3 71.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cameroon is 52, ranking 151/197, compared to 74.3 for Chile, ranking 20/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cameroon Chile
Services, % of GDP
50.4%
2025
55.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
31.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
3.45%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$55.4B
2025
$337B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$5,700
2025
$35,730
2025
Total reserves including gold
$5.06B
2024
$49.4B
2025
Total reserves ranking
105/177
2024
48/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$825M
2024
-$5.83B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$888M
2024
$13.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$63.4M
2024
$4.04B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.21%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2021
6.5%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
24.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/chile | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.