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Economy of Chile vs Uganda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $53.9B for Uganda, ranking 45/197 and 89/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $27.8B (51.5% of GDP) in Uganda.

Chile vs Uganda GDP by year

Chile
Uganda
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Uganda
2024 $330,267,137,372 $53,911,907,086
2023 $335,518,054,098 $48,768,955,863
2022 $301,226,575,540 $45,565,333,211
2021 $315,325,547,162 $40,529,788,749
2020 $254,042,159,309 $37,600,368,242
2019 $278,285,058,719 $35,353,061,003
2018 $295,857,562,992 $32,927,025,620
2017 $276,154,259,981 $30,744,473,841
2016 $249,344,863,928 $29,203,988,696
2015 $242,450,355,831 $32,387,183,730
2014 $259,560,978,224 $32,612,397,257
2013 $277,395,018,842 $28,915,786,517
2012 $267,024,782,487 $27,305,915,911
2011 $251,382,573,894 $27,871,725,241
2010 $217,051,209,239 $26,673,441,431
2009 $171,777,900,624 $25,127,805,567
2008 $179,894,594,475 $14,440,404,132
2007 $172,491,076,034 $11,902,564,495
2006 $153,843,518,171 $9,977,647,683
2005 $122,294,145,163 $9,239,221,763
2004 $99,075,985,774 $7,939,487,548
2003 $76,492,579,644 $6,606,884,275
2002 $70,264,045,939 $6,178,563,591
2001 $71,574,739,561 $5,840,503,869
2000 $78,339,750,721 $6,193,246,837
1999 $75,578,685,736 $5,998,563,258
1998 $81,990,010,704 $6,584,815,847
1997 $85,741,415,285 $6,269,333,313
1996 $78,584,098,984 $6,044,585,327
1995 $73,820,425,702 $5,755,818,842
1994 $57,438,273,591 $3,990,430,447
1993 $49,934,943,321 $3,220,439,044
1992 $46,538,895,686 $2,857,457,762
1991 $38,232,330,917 $3,321,729,160
1990 $33,428,580,448 $4,304,399,310
1989 $30,101,767,991 $5,276,480,799
1988 $26,174,858,614 $6,508,931,652
1987 $22,605,488,851 $6,269,522,042
1986 $19,197,818,085 $3,923,244,050
1985 $17,933,557,360 $3,519,695,444
1984 $19,974,595,028 $3,615,647,477
1983 $20,629,678,694 $2,240,333,333
1982 $19,710,229,067 $2,177,500,000
1981 $35,180,322,211 $1,337,300,000
1980 $29,586,676,576 $1,244,610,000
1979 $22,249,574,628 $2,139,025,000
1978 $16,373,093,554 $2,420,260,870
1977 $14,272,711,437 $2,936,470,588
1976 $10,523,479,089 $2,447,300,000
1975 $7,812,161,793 $2,359,555,556
1974 $16,584,311,220 $2,098,944,967
1973 $17,237,336,173 $1,701,829,789
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,490,970,181
1971 $10,999,807,567 $1,417,191,656
1970 $9,261,006,540 $1,259,554,809
1969 $8,456,519,044 $1,168,556,629
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,037,379,252
1967 $7,145,068,068 $967,240,655
1966 $7,256,882,086 $925,381,492
1965 $6,183,988,944 $884,502,310
1964 $6,065,708,668 $589,247,687
1963 $5,702,520,146 $516,315,231
1962 $5,765,971,144 $449,158,233
1961 $4,948,564,551 $441,667,335
1960 $4,211,103,677 $423,145,605

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Uganda by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uganda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Uganda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $1,078 $3,273
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $1,002 $3,098
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $963 $2,919
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $883 $2,685
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $846 $2,532
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $822 $2,441
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $792 $2,312
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $765 $2,158
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $753 $2,165
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $863 $2,190
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $896 $2,134
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $818 $2,045
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $795 $2,032
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $836 $2,268
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $823 $2,092
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $799 $2,015
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $473 $1,931
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $401 $1,795
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $347 $1,660
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $330 $1,497
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $292.4 $1,405
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $250.7 $1,320
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $242 $1,255
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $236 $1,173
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $258.1 $1,124
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $257.9 $1,100
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $292.5 $1,037
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $286.8 $1,007
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $284.7 $969
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $278.5 $897
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $198.4 $809
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $165.6 $770
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $152.1 $719
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $183 $703
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $245 $666
1989 $2,278 - $310 -
1988 $2,014 - $395 -
1987 $1,767 - $393 -
1986 $1,525 - $253.6 -
1985 $1,447 - $234.3 -
1984 $1,636 - $247.5 -
1983 $1,715 - $157.5 -
1982 $1,663 - $157 -
1981 $3,012 - $98.6 -
1980 $2,571 - $93.8 -
1979 $1,962 - $164.5 -
1978 $1,465 - $190.7 -
1977 $1,297 - $237.6 -
1976 $971 - $203.3 -
1975 $732 - $201.2 -
1974 $1,579 - $183.7 -
1973 $1,667 - $152.7 -
1972 $1,185 - $137 -
1971 $1,099 - $133.5 -
1970 $941 - $122 -
1969 $874 - $116.7 -
1968 $766 - $106.9 -
1967 $764 - $102.8 -
1966 $790 - $101.4 -
1965 $686 - $100 -
1964 $686 - $68.6 -
1963 $658 - $62 -
1962 $679 - $55.5 -
1961 $594 - $56.2 -
1960 $516 - $55.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $1,078 in Uganda, ranking 176/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Uganda ranks 176th at $3,273.

Economic indicators

Chile Uganda
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$53.9B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
6.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$1,078
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
176/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$3,273
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
176/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$27.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
51.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$555
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
163/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$1,466
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
34.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.4%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
18.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
3.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
9.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
3.42%
2021
Population
19977856
53170946

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Uganda
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Uganda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 18.7% 51.5%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 19.3% 50.5%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 19.5% 50.2%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 22% 50.3%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 21.4% 46.3%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 18.3% 37.5%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 16.2% 34.9%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 16.3% 33.6%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 15.2% 31.3%
2015 25% 17.4% 14.9% 28%
2014 23.9% 15% 13.6% 24.8%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 13.3% 22.1%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 13.1% 19.5%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 13.2% 18%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 15.4% 18.4%
2009 25% 5.84% 11.8% 14.8%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 12.9% 15.7%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 13.2% 17%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 13.7% 27.8%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 14.5% 42.6%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 15.6% 49%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 16.5% 55.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 16.8% 54.7%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 16.2% 51.4%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 15.2% 48.5%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 14.7% 47.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 14% 45.1%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 13.9% 44.2%
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.4% 17.2% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Uganda spent $10.1B, or 18.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 51.5% in Uganda, ranking 129/185 and 103/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Uganda
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Uganda
2024 -2.82% -3.99%
2023 -2.27% -4.87%
2022 1.36% -5.45%
2021 -7.53% -7.76%
2020 -7.1% -7.76%
2019 -2.73% -4.82%
2018 -1.48% -3.02%
2017 -2.63% -3.83%
2016 -2.66% -2.64%
2015 -2.09% -2.59%
2014 -1.5% -2.74%
2013 -0.47% -3.19%
2012 0.68% -2.39%
2011 1.43% -2.04%
2010 -0.36% -4.64%
2009 -4.26% -1.61%
2008 3.93% -1.99%
2007 7.95% -0.82%
2006 7.51% -0.64%
2005 4.57% -0.17%
2004 2.05% 0.34%
2003 -0.42% -0.97%
2002 -1.17% -2.07%
2001 -0.49% -0.99%
2000 -0.69% -0.62%
1999 -2.02% -1.24%
1998 0.39% -0.7%
1997 2.04% -0.83%
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.09% -
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Uganda's deficit of $2.15B, or 3.99% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Uganda ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Uganda.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Uganda
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Uganda
2024 4.3% 3.3%
2023 7.58% 5.4%
2022 11.6% 7.2%
2021 4.52% 2.2%
2020 3.05% 2.8%
2019 2.56% 2.1%
2018 2.43% 2.5%
2017 2.18% 5.6%
2016 3.79% 5.2%
2015 4.35% 3.7%
2014 4.72% 4.3%
2013 1.79% 5.5%
2012 3.01% 14%
2011 3.34% 18.7%
2010 1.41% 4%
2009 0.35% 13%
2008 8.72% 12%
2007 4.41% 6.1%
2006 3.39% 7.2%
2005 3.05% 8.6%
2004 1.05% 3.7%
2003 2.81% 8.7%
2002 2.49% -0.3%
2001 3.57% 1.9%
2000 3.84% 3.4%
1999 3.34% 5.8%
1998 5.11% 5.8%
1997 6.13% 7.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 6.08% in Uganda. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 3.3% in Uganda.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $152K
Raw agricultural goods $109K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $42K
Chemicals & pharma $27K
Miscellaneous $5K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
Uganda
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $34K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Uganda
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$4.29B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
164/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-7.96%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$11.7B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$8.67B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$4.38B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$2.39B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
25.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
16.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Uganda
Economic freedom 74.3 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 149/197
Property rights 69.7 42.2
Government integrity 67.8 25.1
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 29.4
Tax burden 72.5 73.4
Government spending 78.2 89
Fiscal health 94.1 58.3
Business freedom 78.5 50.2
Labor freedom 56.8 55.9
Monetary freedom 75.1 77.1
Trade freedom 78 58
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Uganda
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Uganda
2026 74.3 52.4
2025 73.2 51.3
2024 71.4 50.7
2023 71.1 51.4
2022 74.4 54.2
2021 75.2 58.6
2020 76.8 59.5
2019 75.4 59.7
2018 75.2 62
2017 76.5 60.9
2016 77.7 59.3
2015 78.5 59.7
2014 78.7 59.9
2013 79 61.1
2012 78.3 61.9
2011 77.4 61.7
2010 77.2 62.2
2009 78.3 63.5
2008 78.6 63.8
2007 77.7 63.1
2006 78 63.9
2005 77.8 62.9
2004 76.9 64.1
2003 76 60.1
2002 77.8 61
2001 75.1 60.4
2000 74.7 58.2
1999 74.1 64.8
1998 74.9 64.7
1997 75.9 66.6
1996 72.6 66.2
1995 71.2 62.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/uganda | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 52.4 for Uganda, ranking 149/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Uganda
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
43.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
24.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
24.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$50.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$3.36B
2018
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
114/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$3.26B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$3.26B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$400K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.96%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
20.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
22.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.