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Economy of Chile vs Taiwan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $802B for Taiwan, ranking 45/197 and 22/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $215B (22.4% of GDP) in Taiwan.

Chile vs Taiwan GDP by year

Chile
Taiwan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Taiwan
2025 $357,371,159,575 -
2024 $329,260,633,699 $801,529,000,000
2023 $335,802,745,366 $757,328,000,000
2022 $301,099,244,104 $765,529,000,000
2021 $315,507,493,783 $777,062,000,000
2020 $254,103,710,483 $676,935,000,000
2019 $278,308,438,545 $613,453,000,000
2018 $295,857,562,992 $610,744,000,000
2017 $276,154,259,981 $591,734,000,000
2016 $249,344,863,928 $543,002,000,000
2015 $242,450,355,831 $534,474,000,000
2014 $259,560,978,224 $535,332,000,000
2013 $277,395,018,842 $512,957,000,000
2012 $267,024,782,487 $495,536,000,000
2011 $251,382,573,894 $483,957,000,000
2010 $217,051,209,239 $444,245,000,000
2009 $171,777,900,624 $390,788,000,000
2008 $179,894,594,475 $415,824,000,000
2007 $172,491,076,034 $406,940,000,000
2006 $153,843,518,171 $386,492,000,000
2005 $122,294,145,163 $374,042,000,000
2004 $99,075,985,774 $346,881,000,000
2003 $76,492,579,644 $317,374,000,000
2002 $70,264,045,939 $307,429,000,000
2001 $71,574,739,561 $299,303,000,000
2000 $78,339,750,721 $330,725,000,000
1999 $75,578,685,736 $303,827,000,000
1998 $81,990,010,704 $279,926,000,000
1997 $85,741,415,285 $303,315,000,000
1996 $78,584,098,984 $292,473,000,000
1995 $73,820,425,702 $279,013,000,000
1994 $57,438,273,591 $256,213,000,000
1993 $49,934,943,321 $234,943,000,000
1992 $46,538,895,686 $222,947,000,000
1991 $38,232,330,917 $187,100,000,000
1990 $33,428,580,448 $166,392,000,000
1989 $30,101,767,991 $152,687,000,000
1988 $26,174,858,614 $126,378,000,000
1987 $22,605,488,851 $104,956,000,000
1986 $19,197,818,085 $78,347,000,000
1985 $17,933,557,360 $63,599,000,000
1984 $19,974,595,028 $61,036,000,000
1983 $20,629,678,694 $54,155,000,000
1982 $19,710,229,067 $49,540,000,000
1981 $35,180,322,211 $49,047,000,000
1980 $29,586,676,576 $42,292,000,000
1979 $22,249,574,628 $33,875,000,000
1978 $16,373,093,554 $27,373,000,000
1977 $14,272,711,437 $22,252,000,000
1976 $10,523,479,089 $18,988,000,000
1975 $7,812,161,793 $15,836,000,000
1974 $16,584,311,220 $14,739,000,000
1973 $17,237,336,173 $10,940,000,000
1972 $12,057,501,635 $8,063,000,000
1971 $10,999,807,567 $6,727,000,000
1970 $9,261,006,540 $5,785,000,000
1969 $8,456,519,044 $5,017,000,000
1968 $7,286,820,526 $4,325,000,000
1967 $7,145,068,068 $3,709,000,000
1966 $7,256,882,086 $3,207,000,000
1965 $6,183,988,944 $2,869,000,000
1964 $6,065,708,668 $2,592,000,000
1963 $5,702,520,146 $2,218,000,000
1962 $5,765,971,144 $1,960,000,000
1961 $4,948,564,551 $1,778,000,000
1960 $4,211,103,677 $1,743,000,000
1959 - $1,444,000,000
1958 - $1,836,000,000
1957 - $1,636,000,000
1956 - $1,399,000,000
1955 - $1,940,000,000
1954 - $1,628,000,000
1953 - $1,481,000,000
1952 - $1,677,000,000
1951 - $1,197,000,000

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Taiwan by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Taiwan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Taiwan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - - -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $34,238 -
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $32,444 -
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $32,827 -
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $33,111 -
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $28,705 -
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $25,998 -
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $25,901 -
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $25,121 $50,500
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $23,091 -
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $22,780 $46,800
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $22,874 -
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $21,973 $39,600
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $21,295 $39,400
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $20,866 $38,200
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $19,197 $35,700
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $16,933 $32,000
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $18,081 $31,100
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $17,757 $30,100
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $16,934 $29,500
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $16,456 $27,500
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $15,317 $25,300
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $14,066 $23,400
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $13,686 $18,000
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $13,397 $17,200
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $14,908 $17,400
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $13,804 $16,100
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $12,820 -
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $14,020 -
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $13,641 -
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $13,119 -
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $12,150 -
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $11,242 -
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $10,768 -
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $9,125 -
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $8,205 -
1989 $2,278 - $7,613 -
1988 $2,014 - $6,370 -
1987 $1,767 - $5,350 -
1986 $1,525 - $4,036 -
1985 $1,447 - $3,314 -
1984 $1,636 - $3,224 -
1983 $1,715 - $2,903 -
1982 $1,663 - $2,699 -
1981 $3,012 - $2,720 -
1980 $2,571 - $2,389 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,950 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,606 -
1977 $1,297 - $1,330 -
1976 $971 - $1,158 -
1975 $732 - $985 -
1974 $1,579 - $934 -
1973 $1,667 - $706 -
1972 $1,185 - $530 -
1971 $1,099 - $451 -
1970 $941 - $397 -
1969 $874 - $357 -
1968 $766 - $319 -
1967 $764 - $280.8 -
1966 $790 - $249.1 -
1965 $686 - $229.3 -
1964 $686 - $213.6 -
1963 $658 - $188.6 -
1962 $679 - $172 -
1961 $594 - $161.2 -
1960 $516 - $163.4 -
1959 - - $140.4 -
1958 - - $185.1 -
1957 - - $170.5 -
1956 - - $150.6 -
1955 - - $216.3 -
1954 - - $188.3 -
1953 - - $177.7 -
1952 - - $208.4 -
1951 - - $154.3 -

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2017, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $34,238 in Taiwan, ranking 38/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Taiwan ranks 44th at $50,500.

Economic indicators

Chile Taiwan
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$802B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2025
22/197
2024
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
2.16%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$34,238
2024
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
38/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$50,500
2017
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
44/197
2017
Government debt
$149B
2025
$215B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
22.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$9,170
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
64/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$18,863
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
772,000
2026
Number of billionaires
6
2026
66
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
15.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
1.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
2%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
3.35%
2025
Population
19992079
23229461

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Taiwan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Taiwan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% - 22.4%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 15.8% 26.8%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 17.1% 29%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 16% 29.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 15.4% 30.1%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 16.2% 32%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 15.3% 32.6%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 15.4% 33.8%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 15.4% 34.5%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 15.6% 35.4%
2015 25% 17.4% 15.5% 35.9%
2014 23.9% 15% - 37.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% - 38.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% - 39.2%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 18.3% 38.3%
2010 23.5% 8.61% - 36.9%
2009 25% 5.84% - 36.7%
2008 21.8% 4.92% - 33.4%
2007 19.3% 3.9% - 32.2%
2006 18.7% 5.02% - 33.3%
2005 20.2% 7.04% - 34.1%
2004 20.8% 10.3% - 33.4%
2003 22.2% 12.6% - 32.1%
2002 23.2% 15% - 29.8%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 22.4% 30.1%
2000 22.9% 13.1% - 26.2%
1999 23.7% 13.3% - 23.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% - 23.7%
1997 20.6% 12.8% - 25%
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.5% 17.3% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% 25.4% -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% 23.6% -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% 20.3% -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Taiwan spent $127B, or 15.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 22.4% in Taiwan, ranking 126/185 and 170/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Taiwan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Taiwan
2025 -2.78% -
2024 -2.82% 0.43%
2023 -2.27% -0.61%
2022 1.36% 0.17%
2021 -7.53% -0.18%
2020 -7.1% -1.03%
2019 -2.73% 0.11%
2018 -1.48% 0.02%
2017 -2.63% -0.14%
2016 -2.66% -0.31%
2015 -2.09% 0.1%
2014 -1.5% -
2013 -0.47% -
2012 0.68% -
2011 1.43% -2.15%
2010 -0.36% -
2009 -4.26% -
2008 3.93% -
2007 7.95% -
2006 7.51% -
2005 4.57% -
2004 2.05% -
2003 -0.42% -
2002 -1.17% -
2001 -0.49% -3.7%
2000 -0.69% -
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -4.5%
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -0.78%
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% 1.32%
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.27B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Taiwan's surplus of $3.45B, or 0.43% of GDP.

Over the past 49 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Taiwan ran a deficit in 9 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.33% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.75% of GDP for Taiwan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Taiwan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Taiwan
2025 4.21% 1.7%
2024 4.3% 2.2%
2023 7.58% 2.5%
2022 11.6% 2.9%
2021 4.52% 2%
2020 3.05% -0.2%
2019 2.56% 0.6%
2018 2.43% 1.4%
2017 2.18% 0.6%
2016 3.79% 1.4%
2015 4.35% -0.3%
2014 4.72% 1.2%
2013 1.79% 0.8%
2012 3.01% 1.9%
2011 3.34% 1.4%
2010 1.41% 1%
2009 0.35% -0.9%
2008 8.72% 3.5%
2007 4.41% 1.8%
2006 3.39% 0.6%
2005 3.05% 2.3%
2004 1.05% 1.6%
2003 2.81% -0.3%
2002 2.49% -0.2%
2001 3.57% 0%
2000 3.84% 1.2%
1999 3.34% 0.2%
1998 5.11% 1.7%
1997 6.13% 0.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 1.16% in Taiwan. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 1.7% in Taiwan.

Balance of trade

Chile Taiwan
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$113B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
5/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
n/a
Goods exports
$110B
2025
n/a
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
n/a
Service exports
$13B
2025
n/a
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
54.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
73.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Taiwan
Economic freedom 74.3 79.8
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 6/197
Property rights 69.7 83.4
Government integrity 67.8 74.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 94.3
Tax burden 72.5 78.9
Government spending 78.2 90
Fiscal health 94.1 92.9
Business freedom 78.5 78.6
Labor freedom 56.8 69
Monetary freedom 75.1 80.3
Trade freedom 78 86
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Taiwan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Taiwan
2026 74.3 79.8
2025 73.2 79.7
2024 71.4 80
2023 71.1 80.7
2022 74.4 80.1
2021 75.2 78.6
2020 76.8 77.1
2019 75.4 77.3
2018 75.2 76.6
2017 76.5 76.5
2016 77.7 74.7
2015 78.5 75.1
2014 78.7 73.9
2013 79 72.7
2012 78.3 71.9
2011 77.4 70.8
2010 77.2 70.4
2009 78.3 69.5
2008 78.6 70.3
2007 77.7 69.4
2006 78 69.7
2005 77.8 71.3
2004 76.9 69.6
2003 76 71.7
2002 77.8 71.3
2001 75.1 72.8
2000 74.7 72.5
1999 74.1 71.5
1998 74.9 70.4
1997 75.9 70
1996 72.6 74.1
1995 71.2 74.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 79.8 for Taiwan, ranking 6/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Taiwan
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
58.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
40.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
1.46%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$832B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
n/a
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
n/a
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
1.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
26.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/taiwan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.