Skip to content

Economy of Chile vs Jamaica compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $22.7B for Jamaica, ranking 45/197 and 125/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $15.4B (67.7% of GDP) in Jamaica.

Chile vs Jamaica GDP by year

Chile
Jamaica
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Jamaica
2025 $357,371,159,575 $22,704,903,218
2024 $329,260,633,699 $22,014,429,051
2023 $335,802,745,366 $21,418,797,833
2022 $301,099,244,104 $18,813,516,805
2021 $315,507,493,783 $15,963,885,376
2020 $254,103,710,483 $15,000,214,216
2019 $278,308,438,545 $17,026,269,263
2018 $295,857,562,992 $16,855,447,986
2017 $276,154,259,981 $15,783,583,237
2016 $249,344,863,928 $14,898,999,754
2015 $242,450,355,831 $14,963,589,916
2014 $259,560,978,224 $13,899,217,680
2013 $277,395,018,842 $14,264,205,153
2012 $267,024,782,487 $14,807,086,556
2011 $251,382,573,894 $14,444,661,522
2010 $217,051,209,239 $13,220,549,908
2009 $171,777,900,624 $12,120,458,115
2008 $179,894,594,475 $13,709,401,520
2007 $172,491,076,034 $12,799,600,047
2006 $153,843,518,171 $11,930,179,090
2005 $122,294,145,163 $11,243,865,778
2004 $99,075,985,774 $10,174,664,854
2003 $76,492,579,644 $9,430,234,811
2002 $70,264,045,939 $9,719,009,495
2001 $71,574,739,561 $9,194,727,831
2000 $78,339,750,721 $9,005,064,475
1999 $75,578,685,736 $8,887,057,997
1998 $81,990,010,704 $8,787,195,622
1997 $85,741,415,285 $8,400,041,724
1996 $78,584,098,984 $7,393,891,921
1995 $73,820,425,702 $6,577,520,643
1994 $57,438,273,591 $5,452,558,947
1993 $49,934,943,321 $5,440,075,676
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,535,460,090
1991 $38,232,330,917 $4,106,207,649
1990 $33,428,580,448 $4,592,208,087
1989 $30,101,767,991 $4,404,937,853
1988 $26,174,858,614 $3,828,342,820
1987 $22,605,488,851 $3,287,007,322
1986 $19,197,818,085 $2,754,549,582
1985 $17,933,557,360 $2,100,239,019
1984 $19,974,595,028 $2,373,564,549
1983 $20,629,678,694 $3,619,262,277
1982 $19,710,229,067 $3,293,496,312
1981 $35,180,322,211 $2,979,027,966
1980 $29,586,676,576 $2,679,379,372
1979 $22,249,574,628 $2,425,064,229
1978 $16,373,093,554 $2,644,527,822
1977 $14,272,711,437 $3,249,733,140
1976 $10,523,479,089 $2,966,042,856
1975 $7,812,161,793 $2,860,442,750
1974 $16,584,311,220 $2,375,122,375
1973 $17,237,336,173 $1,905,917,553
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,875,146,587
1971 $10,999,807,567 $1,539,861,816
1970 $9,261,006,540 $1,404,720,442
1969 $8,456,519,044 $1,191,239,047
1968 $7,286,820,526 $1,083,839,133
1967 $7,145,068,068 $1,148,014,311
1966 $7,256,882,086 $1,096,759,561
1965 $6,183,988,944 $972,159,611
1964 $6,065,708,668 $897,949,001
1963 $5,702,520,146 $826,706,669
1962 $5,765,971,144 $777,727,689
1961 $4,948,564,551 $748,043,501
1960 $4,211,103,677 $699,064,380

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Jamaica by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jamaica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Jamaica
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $8,003 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $7,754 $12,890
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $7,542 $12,651
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $6,626 $11,888
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $5,626 $10,431
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $5,299 $9,764
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $6,031 $10,845
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $5,977 $10,753
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $5,605 $10,466
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $5,302 $9,948
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $5,339 $9,476
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $4,975 $9,210
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $5,124 $9,101
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $5,341 $8,831
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $5,233 $8,809
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $4,810 $8,521
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $4,428 $8,580
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $5,030 $8,952
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $4,716 $8,893
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $4,417 $8,577
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $4,184 $8,127
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $3,808 $7,854
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $3,550 $7,593
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $3,681 $7,226
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $3,504 $7,019
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $3,453 $6,816
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $3,432 $6,653
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $3,419 $6,543
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $3,297 $6,682
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $2,929 $6,706
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $2,631 $6,657
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $2,203 $6,435
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $2,221 $6,279
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $1,458 $5,664
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $1,710 $5,485
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $1,930 $5,106
1989 $2,278 - $1,865 -
1988 $2,014 - $1,632 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,411 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,191 -
1985 $1,447 - $917 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,048 -
1983 $1,715 - $1,619 -
1982 $1,663 - $1,494 -
1981 $3,012 - $1,370 -
1980 $2,571 - $1,249 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,144 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,262 -
1977 $1,297 - $1,569 -
1976 $971 - $1,450 -
1975 $732 - $1,417 -
1974 $1,579 - $1,193 -
1973 $1,667 - $972 -
1972 $1,185 - $971 -
1971 $1,099 - $809 -
1970 $941 - $748 -
1969 $874 - $642 -
1968 $766 - $591 -
1967 $764 - $633 -
1966 $790 - $612 -
1965 $686 - $549 -
1964 $686 - $514 -
1963 $658 - $480 -
1962 $679 - $458 -
1961 $594 - $447 -
1960 $516 - $424 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $8,003 in Jamaica, ranking 98/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Jamaica ranks 121st at $12,890.

Economic indicators

Chile Jamaica
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$22.7B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
125/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
0.08%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$8,003
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
98/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$12,890
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
121/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$15.4B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
67.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$5,419
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
80/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$8,390
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$11.6B
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
29.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
33.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
3.02%
2023
Population
19992079
2834177

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Jamaica
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Jamaica
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 33.8% 67.7%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 30.1% 62.5%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 27.7% 66.5%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 27.1% 70.2%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 27.6% 86.3%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 30.1% 101.3%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 27.5% 87.7%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 27.5% 88.3%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 26.9% 95.1%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 26.5% 106.9%
2015 25% 17.4% 25.9% 115.9%
2014 23.9% 15% 26.1% 134.4%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 26.3% 135.2%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 29.1% 140.3%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 31.2% 135.9%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 32.3% 137.8%
2009 25% 5.84% 37.7% 138.3%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 33.9% 123.8%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 30.6% 111.6%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 30.1% 114.2%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 28.6% 121.5%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 30.7% 116.9%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 31.1% 120.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 30.1% 115.4%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 27.8% 105.3%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 25.7% 89.5%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 27.9% 80.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 27.9% 75.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 27.6% 74.4%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 27.4% 70.2%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 22.1% 85.2%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 19.9% 90.4%
1993 21.2% 28.1% 19.6% 106.2%
1992 20.9% 30.5% 18.2% 100.4%
1991 21.2% 37.1% 19.9% 175.1%
1990 21% 50.3% 22.6% 128.8%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Jamaica spent $7.68B, or 33.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 67.7% in Jamaica, ranking 126/185 and 62/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Jamaica
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Jamaica
2025 -2.78% -3.77%
2024 -2.82% 0.22%
2023 -2.27% 0.04%
2022 1.36% 0.26%
2021 -7.53% 0.84%
2020 -7.1% -2.87%
2019 -2.73% 0.85%
2018 -1.48% 1.1%
2017 -2.63% 0.42%
2016 -2.66% -0.18%
2015 -2.09% -0.28%
2014 -1.5% -0.48%
2013 -0.47% 0.12%
2012 0.68% -3.97%
2011 1.43% -6.24%
2010 -0.36% -6.17%
2009 -4.26% -10.8%
2008 3.93% -7.32%
2007 7.95% -3.7%
2006 7.51% -4.74%
2005 4.57% -3.22%
2004 2.05% -4.56%
2003 -0.42% -5.42%
2002 -1.17% -6.55%
2001 -0.49% -4.77%
2000 -0.69% -0.78%
1999 -2.02% -3.41%
1998 0.39% -5.73%
1997 2.04% -6.39%
1996 2.07% -5.25%
1995 3.1% 1.53%
1994 1.44% 2.4%
1993 1.42% 2.37%
1992 2.11% 2.83%
1991 1.54% 3.14%
1990 2.25% 2.06%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Jamaica's deficit of $856M, or 3.77% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Jamaica ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.18% of GDP for Jamaica.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Jamaica
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Jamaica
2025 4.21% 4%
2024 4.3% 5.41%
2023 7.58% 6.47%
2022 11.6% 10.3%
2021 4.52% 5.86%
2020 3.05% 5.23%
2019 2.56% 3.91%
2018 2.43% 3.74%
2017 2.18% 4.38%
2016 3.79% 2.35%
2015 4.35% 3.69%
2014 4.72% 8.27%
2013 1.79% 9.34%
2012 3.01% 6.87%
2011 3.34% 7.56%
2010 1.41% 12.6%
2009 0.35% 9.59%
2008 8.72% 22%
2007 4.41% 9.24%
2006 3.39% 8.56%
2005 3.05% 15.1%
2004 1.05% 13.6%
2003 2.81% 10.1%
2002 2.49% 7.08%
2001 3.57% 6.8%
2000 3.84% 8.17%
1999 3.34% 5.95%
1998 5.11% 8.63%
1997 6.13% 9.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 8.08% in Jamaica. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 4% in Jamaica.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $15.3M
Animal & marine products $4.86M
Raw agricultural goods $3.93M
Wood & paper products $2.06M
Miscellaneous $1.84M
Metals $764K
Chemicals & pharma $205K
Raw materials & minerals $142K
Textiles & consumer goods $115K
Precious metals & jewellery $90K
Jamaica
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $193K
Machinery & equipment $44K
Wood & paper products $28K
Chemicals & pharma $22K
Miscellaneous $10K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Jamaica
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$679M
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
53/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+3.08%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$6.07B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$1.87B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$3.46B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$5.26B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
52.1%
2019
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
38%
2019

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Jamaica
Economic freedom 74.3 68.2
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 48/197
Property rights 69.7 66.8
Government integrity 67.8 49.4
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 75.6
Tax burden 72.5 76.3
Government spending 78.2 76
Fiscal health 94.1 92.2
Business freedom 78.5 68.5
Labor freedom 56.8 59.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 74.2
Trade freedom 78 70.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Jamaica
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Jamaica
2026 74.3 68.2
2025 73.2 68.7
2024 71.4 68.1
2023 71.1 68.1
2022 74.4 67.4
2021 75.2 69
2020 76.8 68.5
2019 75.4 68.6
2018 75.2 69.1
2017 76.5 69.5
2016 77.7 67.5
2015 78.5 67.7
2014 78.7 66.7
2013 79 66.8
2012 78.3 65.1
2011 77.4 65.7
2010 77.2 65.5
2009 78.3 65.2
2008 78.6 65.7
2007 77.7 65.5
2006 78 66.4
2005 77.8 67
2004 76.9 66.7
2003 76 67
2002 77.8 61.7
2001 75.1 63.7
2000 74.7 65.5
1999 74.1 64.7
1998 74.9 67.1
1997 75.9 67.7
1996 72.6 66.7
1995 71.2 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 68.2 for Jamaica, ranking 48/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Jamaica
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
59.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
16.3%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
8.74%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$22.1B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$13,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$6.3B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
92/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$304M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$305M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$1.07M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
11.3%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
8.2%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
22.6%
2019

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/jamaica | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.