Skip to content

Economy of Chile vs Vanuatu compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $1.35B for Vanuatu, ranking 45/197 and 185/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $554M (40.9% of GDP) in Vanuatu.

Chile vs Vanuatu GDP by year

Chile
Vanuatu
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Vanuatu
2025 $357,371,159,575 $1,353,658,841
2024 $329,260,633,699 $1,297,956,615
2023 $335,802,745,366 $1,188,137,265
2022 $301,099,244,104 $1,151,863,790
2021 $315,507,493,783 $1,093,826,089
2020 $254,103,710,483 $1,017,403,363
2019 $278,308,438,545 $1,061,547,513
2018 $295,857,562,992 $1,034,402,941
2017 $276,154,259,981 $998,536,155
2016 $249,344,863,928 $908,725,513
2015 $242,450,355,831 $855,360,240
2014 $259,560,978,224 $879,185,478
2013 $277,395,018,842 $863,347,172
2012 $267,024,782,487 $747,839,698
2011 $251,382,573,894 $770,153,588
2010 $217,051,209,239 $670,712,980
2009 $171,777,900,624 $592,622,319
2008 $179,894,594,475 $590,748,429
2007 $172,491,076,034 $516,392,923
2006 $153,843,518,171 $439,358,587
2005 $122,294,145,163 $394,962,433
2004 $99,075,985,774 $364,996,869
2003 $76,492,579,644 $314,471,413
2002 $70,264,045,939 $262,596,536
2001 $71,574,739,561 $257,926,882
2000 $78,339,750,721 $272,014,628
1999 $75,578,685,736 $268,006,973
1998 $81,990,010,704 $262,293,411
1997 $85,741,415,285 $272,771,209
1996 $78,584,098,984 $261,370,044
1995 $73,820,425,702 $249,333,250
1994 $57,438,273,591 $233,701,301
1993 $49,934,943,321 $200,491,853
1992 $46,538,895,686 $209,088,825
1991 $38,232,330,917 $201,334,169
1990 $33,428,580,448 $168,879,207
1989 $30,101,767,991 $154,013,202
1988 $26,174,858,614 $158,351,368
1987 $22,605,488,851 $139,464,174
1986 $19,197,818,085 $126,498,935
1985 $17,933,557,360 $131,856,421
1984 $19,974,595,028 $144,482,515
1983 $20,629,678,694 $117,389,554
1982 $19,710,229,067 $114,501,913
1981 $35,180,322,211 $113,781,796
1980 $29,586,676,576 $121,185,498
1979 $22,249,574,628 $119,258,835
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Vanuatu by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Vanuatu
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Vanuatu
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $4,039 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $3,960 $3,606
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $3,708 $3,568
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $3,680 $3,453
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $3,576 $3,136
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $3,404 $3,118
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $3,636 $3,315
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $3,626 $3,233
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $3,585 $3,146
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $3,340 $3,030
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $3,214 $2,966
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $3,378 $2,890
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $3,393 $2,832
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $3,005 $2,834
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $3,163 $2,816
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $2,815 $2,733
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $2,546 $2,730
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $2,604 $2,701
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $2,334 $2,573
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $2,035 $2,496
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $1,874 $2,287
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $1,774 $2,157
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $1,567 $2,070
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $1,341 $1,995
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $1,350 $2,125
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $1,460 $2,206
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $1,472 $2,084
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $1,471 $2,091
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $1,562 $2,087
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $1,529 $1,998
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $1,492 $1,961
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $1,431 $1,946
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $1,257 $1,789
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $1,344 $1,777
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $1,326 $1,737
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $1,141 $1,670
1989 $2,278 - $1,067 -
1988 $2,014 - $1,125 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,017 -
1986 $1,525 - $946 -
1985 $1,447 - $1,012 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,137 -
1983 $1,715 - $947 -
1982 $1,663 - $946 -
1981 $3,012 - $962 -
1980 $2,571 - $1,048 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,055 -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $4,039 in Vanuatu, ranking 133/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Vanuatu ranks 170th at $3,606.

Economic indicators

Chile Vanuatu
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$1.35B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
185/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
3.05%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$4,039
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
133/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$3,606
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
170/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$554M
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
40.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$1,654
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
125/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$2,801
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
24.7%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
35.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
0.66%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
1.41%
2025
Population
19992079
346488

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Vanuatu
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Vanuatu
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 35.5% 40.9%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 33.1% 39.1%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 38.9% 39.2%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 38.5% 39.2%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 38.6% 42.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 38.8% 42.9%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 35.1% 39.8%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 29.4% 40%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 32.7% 46.4%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 31.2% 37.6%
2015 25% 17.4% 38.1% 32.2%
2014 23.9% 15% 20.5% 17.8%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 20.1% 16.4%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 22.1% 17.4%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 22.7% 19.3%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 25.6% 18.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 24.9% 19.1%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 25.1% 19.2%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 20.3% 17.6%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 18.2% 20%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 16.5% 23.8%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 16.7% 27.5%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 17% 34.6%
2002 23.2% 15% 20.2% 35.1%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 20.2% 33.5%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 23% 32.6%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 21.6% 27.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 25.2% 25.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 20.1% 20.7%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 22.1% 20.8%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 25.3% 21.8%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 22% 19.5%
1993 21.2% 28.1% 23.7% 18.3%
1992 20.9% 30.5% 28.8% 19%
1991 21.2% 37.1% 30% 14.4%
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Vanuatu spent $480M, or 35.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 40.9% in Vanuatu, ranking 126/185 and 131/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Vanuatu
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Vanuatu
2025 -2.78% -3.88%
2024 -2.82% -2.46%
2023 -2.27% -0.78%
2022 1.36% -5.96%
2021 -7.53% 2.07%
2020 -7.1% -1.74%
2019 -2.73% 2.48%
2018 -1.48% 5.53%
2017 -2.63% -1.06%
2016 -2.66% -0.64%
2015 -2.09% -8.13%
2014 -1.5% 1.26%
2013 -0.47% -0.22%
2012 0.68% -1.54%
2011 1.43% -1.98%
2010 -0.36% -2.38%
2009 -4.26% -0.76%
2008 3.93% -0.04%
2007 7.95% 0.25%
2006 7.51% 0.44%
2005 4.57% 1.68%
2004 2.05% 0.72%
2003 -0.42% -1.22%
2002 -1.17% -3.29%
2001 -0.49% -3.01%
2000 -0.69% -5.67%
1999 -2.02% -0.5%
1998 0.39% -6.01%
1997 2.04% -0.46%
1996 2.07% -1.61%
1995 3.1% -2.34%
1994 1.44% -1.35%
1993 1.42% -3.32%
1992 2.11% -2.1%
1991 1.54% -2.54%
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Vanuatu's deficit of $52.6M, or 3.88% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Vanuatu ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.05% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.44% of GDP for Vanuatu.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Vanuatu
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Vanuatu
2025 4.21% 0.66%
2024 4.3% 1.14%
2023 7.58% 11.2%
2022 11.6% 6.68%
2021 4.52% 2.34%
2020 3.05% 5.33%
2019 2.56% 2.76%
2018 2.43% 2.33%
2017 2.18% 3.08%
2016 3.79% 0.84%
2015 4.35% 2.48%
2014 4.72% 0.8%
2013 1.79% 1.46%
2012 3.01% 1.35%
2011 3.34% 0.87%
2010 1.41% 2.76%
2009 0.35% 4.3%
2008 8.72% 4.84%
2007 4.41% 3.94%
2006 3.39% 2.04%
2005 3.05% 1.2%
2004 1.05% 1.42%
2003 2.81% 3.02%
2002 2.49% 1.96%
2001 3.57% 3.58%
2000 3.84% 2.54%
1999 3.34% 2%
1998 5.11% 3.28%
1997 6.13% 2.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 2.86% in Vanuatu. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 0.66% in Vanuatu.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $66K
Vanuatu
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Chile Vanuatu
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$127M
2022
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
83/190
2022
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-11.1%
2022
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$350M
2022
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$73.6M
2022
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$230M
2022
Service exports
$13B
2025
$78.5M
2022
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
48%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
25.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Vanuatu
Economic freedom 74.3 61.1
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 92/197
Property rights 69.7 62.1
Government integrity 67.8 48.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 67.9
Tax burden 72.5 96.9
Government spending 78.2 48.1
Fiscal health 94.1 78.8
Business freedom 78.5 50.3
Labor freedom 56.8 41
Monetary freedom 75.1 72.1
Trade freedom 78 62
Investment freedom 60 65
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Vanuatu
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Vanuatu
2026 74.3 61.1
2025 73.2 61.8
2024 71.4 62.2
2023 71.1 62.1
2022 74.4 62.9
2021 75.2 60.5
2020 76.8 60.7
2019 75.4 56.4
2018 75.2 69.5
2017 76.5 67.4
2016 77.7 60.8
2015 78.5 61.1
2014 78.7 59.5
2013 79 56.6
2012 78.3 56.6
2011 77.4 56.7
2010 77.2 56.4
2009 78.3 58.4
2008 78.6 -
2007 77.7 -
2006 78 -
2005 77.8 -
2004 76.9 -
2003 76 -
2002 77.8 -
2001 75.1 -
2000 74.7 -
1999 74.1 -
1998 74.9 -
1997 75.9 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 61.1 for Vanuatu, ranking 92/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Vanuatu
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
56.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
10.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
26.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$1.48B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$4,970
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$615M
2024
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
152/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$9.21M
2022
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$28.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$2.79M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.88%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
15.9%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
26.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/vanuatu | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. TradeMap (2021, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.