Trinidad and Tobago has a GDP of $26.4B compared to $64.2B for Turkmenistan, ranking 114/197 and 88/197 by economy size, respectively.
Trinidad and Tobago has $17B in government debt (67.2% of GDP), compared to $2.97B (4.5% of GDP) in Turkmenistan.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | $535,673,252 | $3,630,222,802 | - | - |
| 1961 | $584,964,621 | $4,139,799,750 | - | - |
| 1962 | $619,322,810 | $4,253,332,232 | - | - |
| 1963 | $678,239,329 | $4,491,714,373 | - | - |
| 1964 | $711,897,520 | $4,834,454,628 | - | - |
| 1965 | $736,573,159 | $4,867,998,505 | - | - |
| 1966 | $723,739,857 | $5,065,484,518 | - | - |
| 1967 | $761,981,912 | $5,168,947,937 | - | - |
| 1968 | $758,899,950 | $5,438,515,892 | - | - |
| 1969 | $779,200,000 | $5,587,024,608 | - | - |
| 1970 | $821,850,000 | $5,784,449,703 | - | - |
| 1971 | $896,765,215 | $5,844,627,406 | - | - |
| 1972 | $1,083,391,758 | $6,182,467,140 | - | - |
| 1973 | $1,308,785,431 | $6,284,874,810 | - | - |
| 1974 | $2,042,001,071 | $6,524,177,955 | - | - |
| 1975 | $2,442,669,825 | $6,620,603,046 | - | - |
| 1976 | $2,500,424,955 | $7,044,662,296 | - | - |
| 1977 | $3,138,666,667 | $7,687,261,624 | - | - |
| 1978 | $3,562,333,458 | $8,457,254,686 | - | - |
| 1979 | $4,602,416,625 | $8,761,662,363 | - | - |
| 1980 | $6,235,833,333 | $9,672,070,064 | - | - |
| 1981 | $6,992,083,333 | $10,114,780,883 | - | - |
| 1982 | $8,140,416,667 | $10,499,073,581 | - | - |
| 1983 | $7,763,750,000 | $9,417,634,514 | - | - |
| 1984 | $7,757,083,333 | $8,876,035,190 | - | - |
| 1985 | $7,375,918,367 | $8,510,394,061 | - | - |
| 1986 | $4,794,444,444 | $8,231,324,363 | - | - |
| 1987 | $4,797,777,778 | $7,855,829,575 | $2,331,358,820 | $9,134,688,479 |
| 1988 | $4,496,910,569 | $7,547,902,734 | $3,010,982,414 | $10,141,662,024 |
| 1989 | $4,323,058,824 | $7,485,261,616 | $3,006,988,217 | $9,710,101,902 |
| 1990 | $5,068,000,000 | $7,598,226,778 | $3,189,539,641 | $13,145,978,552 |
| 1991 | $5,307,905,882 | $7,834,714,586 | $3,208,098,919 | $12,540,571,637 |
| 1992 | $5,439,552,941 | $8,625,470,724 | $3,200,539,816 | $10,663,751,367 |
| 1993 | $4,669,491,134 | $8,567,756,425 | $3,179,225,949 | $10,823,707,656 |
| 1994 | $4,947,181,646 | $8,873,383,771 | $2,561,118,608 | $8,951,221,334 |
| 1995 | $5,329,217,747 | $9,211,451,985 | $2,482,228,440 | $8,306,729,733 |
| 1996 | $5,759,570,336 | $9,868,640,951 | $2,378,759,975 | $8,863,279,974 |
| 1997 | $5,737,771,523 | $10,611,044,464 | $2,450,350,625 | $7,852,866,037 |
| 1998 | $6,043,686,654 | $11,473,145,562 | $2,605,689,134 | $8,410,419,553 |
| 1999 | $6,808,982,521 | $12,393,844,571 | $2,450,564,100 | $9,798,138,737 |
| 2000 | $8,154,342,116 | $13,249,188,352 | $2,904,663,311 | $10,334,005,228 |
| 2001 | $8,824,849,191 | $13,801,483,946 | $3,534,772,732 | $10,782,898,471 |
| 2002 | $9,008,298,229 | $14,896,867,659 | $4,462,029,109 | $10,810,629,921 |
| 2003 | $11,305,459,802 | $17,048,122,760 | $5,977,440,583 | $11,164,010,880 |
| 2004 | $13,280,291,990 | $18,403,457,301 | $6,838,351,088 | $11,722,256,910 |
| 2005 | $15,982,389,018 | $19,546,116,532 | $8,103,901,996 | $13,250,139,963 |
| 2006 | $18,369,361,094 | $22,127,779,059 | $10,276,674,365 | $14,704,118,675 |
| 2007 | $21,641,620,050 | $23,179,780,078 | $12,664,165,103 | $16,330,291,194 |
| 2008 | $27,871,587,350 | $23,965,977,273 | $19,271,523,179 | $18,730,843,999 |
| 2009 | $19,172,165,226 | $22,913,456,440 | $20,214,385,965 | $19,873,425,505 |
| 2010 | $22,157,920,592 | $23,674,922,086 | $22,583,157,895 | $21,701,780,649 |
| 2011 | $25,433,007,437 | $23,605,233,909 | $29,233,333,333 | $24,891,942,389 |
| 2012 | $27,147,349,937 | $25,189,164,853 | $35,164,210,526 | $27,654,947,984 |
| 2013 | $28,560,536,917 | $26,031,643,292 | $39,197,543,860 | $30,475,752,707 |
| 2014 | $29,474,180,442 | $26,993,607,567 | $43,524,210,526 | $33,614,755,226 |
| 2015 | $26,841,143,095 | $26,841,143,095 | $35,799,714,286 | $35,799,714,286 |
| 2016 | $23,624,333,664 | $24,853,971,610 | $36,169,428,571 | $38,019,296,559 |
| 2017 | $23,847,765,529 | $23,656,360,891 | $37,926,285,714 | $40,490,550,854 |
| 2018 | $23,888,910,152 | $23,423,221,520 | $40,765,428,571 | $43,000,964,983 |
| 2019 | $23,588,037,787 | $23,533,735,415 | $45,232,857,143 | $45,710,025,795 |
| 2020 | $20,991,339,707 | $21,438,575,322 | $45,818,000,000 | $48,406,917,339 |
| 2021 | $24,177,305,760 | $21,243,057,044 | $50,007,428,571 | $51,408,146,222 |
| 2022 | $28,510,328,245 | $21,472,954,153 | $58,972,000,000 | $54,595,451,255 |
| 2023 | $25,489,373,405 | $21,779,397,559 | $60,628,857,143 | $58,035,050,719 |
| 2024 | $26,428,963,758 | $22,138,889,024 | $64,239,891,739 | $59,349,032,300 |
Economic indicators
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$26.4B
2024 |
$64.2B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
114/197
2024 |
88/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
3.69%
2023-2024 |
5.96%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$19,315
2024 |
$8,572
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
60/197
2024 |
91/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$36,021
2024 |
$20,408
2024 |
| Government debt |
$17B
2024 |
$2.97B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
67.2%
2025 |
4.5%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$12,454
2024 |
$396
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
45/185
2024 |
172/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$11,432
2025 |
$8,974
2025 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$3.89B
2001 |
n/a |
| Income share by richest 10% |
29.9%
1992 |
31.5%
1998 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.1%
1992 |
2.4%
1998 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.4%
2025 |
11.1%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.53%
2023-2024 |
3.9%
2024-2025 |
| Central bank interest rate |
3.5%
2020 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
3.36%
2023 |
4%
2010 |
| Population |
1372940
|
7713465
|
GDP per capita in Trinidad and Tobago vs Turkmenistan
Trinidad and Tobago's GDP per capita is $19,315, ranking 60/197, compared to $8,572 in Turkmenistan, ranking 91/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,021, while Turkmenistan ranks 94th at $20,408.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $634 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $678 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $704 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $756 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $780 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $793 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $768 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $797 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $783 | - | - | - |
| 1969 | $795 | - | - | - |
| 1970 | $829 | - | - | - |
| 1971 | $894 | - | - | - |
| 1972 | $1,067 | - | - | - |
| 1973 | $1,273 | - | - | - |
| 1974 | $1,962 | - | - | - |
| 1975 | $2,319 | - | - | - |
| 1976 | $2,345 | - | - | - |
| 1977 | $2,907 | - | - | - |
| 1978 | $3,258 | - | - | - |
| 1979 | $4,155 | - | - | - |
| 1980 | $5,559 | - | - | - |
| 1981 | $6,160 | - | - | - |
| 1982 | $7,091 | - | - | - |
| 1983 | $6,690 | - | - | - |
| 1984 | $6,613 | - | - | - |
| 1985 | $6,212 | - | - | - |
| 1986 | $3,985 | - | - | - |
| 1987 | $3,941 | - | $675 | - |
| 1988 | $3,656 | - | $846 | - |
| 1989 | $3,482 | - | $821 | - |
| 1990 | $4,047 | $6,878 | $848 | $5,321 |
| 1991 | $4,205 | $7,274 | $832 | $5,117 |
| 1992 | $4,277 | $8,129 | $811 | $4,351 |
| 1993 | $3,647 | $8,209 | $788 | $4,422 |
| 1994 | $3,840 | $8,631 | $622 | $3,659 |
| 1995 | $4,115 | $9,099 | $592 | $3,405 |
| 1996 | $4,427 | $9,883 | $558 | $3,636 |
| 1997 | $4,394 | $10,769 | $565 | $3,222 |
| 1998 | $4,613 | $11,735 | $591 | $3,432 |
| 1999 | $5,179 | $12,812 | $546 | $3,981 |
| 2000 | $6,179 | $13,953 | $634 | $4,209 |
| 2001 | $6,657 | $14,797 | $756 | $4,401 |
| 2002 | $6,763 | $16,141 | $936 | $4,393 |
| 2003 | $8,445 | $18,743 | $1,229 | $4,536 |
| 2004 | $9,871 | $20,674 | $1,379 | $4,798 |
| 2005 | $12,346 | $23,536 | $1,604 | $5,489 |
| 2006 | $14,153 | $27,393 | $1,997 | $6,164 |
| 2007 | $16,607 | $29,355 | $2,415 | $6,901 |
| 2008 | $21,299 | $30,807 | $3,606 | $7,916 |
| 2009 | $14,634 | $29,602 | $3,708 | $8,285 |
| 2010 | $16,815 | $30,778 | $4,059 | $8,972 |
| 2011 | $19,151 | $31,078 | $5,144 | $10,283 |
| 2012 | $20,332 | $31,883 | $6,054 | $11,035 |
| 2013 | $21,305 | $31,746 | $6,600 | $11,723 |
| 2014 | $21,908 | $32,027 | $7,164 | $12,477 |
| 2015 | $19,887 | $29,825 | $5,759 | $12,715 |
| 2016 | $17,449 | $28,232 | $5,687 | $12,919 |
| 2017 | $17,579 | $28,505 | $5,828 | $13,278 |
| 2018 | $17,576 | $28,680 | $6,125 | $14,368 |
| 2019 | $17,293 | $29,454 | $6,648 | $15,478 |
| 2020 | $15,359 | $26,863 | $6,593 | $15,091 |
| 2021 | $17,679 | $30,425 | $7,051 | $16,434 |
| 2022 | $20,874 | $32,989 | $8,156 | $18,340 |
| 2023 | $18,639 | $34,620 | $8,233 | $19,829 |
| 2024 | $19,315 | $36,021 | $8,572 | $20,408 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, Trinidad and Tobago's government spending was $8.51B, accounting for 32.4% of its GDP, while Turkmenistan's spent $7.26B, or 11.1% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.2% in Trinidad and Tobago and 4.5% in Turkmenistan, ranking 63/185 and 183/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1988 | 45.3% | 65.3% | - | - |
| 1989 | 30.9% | 51.9% | - | - |
| 1990 | 26.9% | 47.7% | - | - |
| 1991 | 29.6% | 49.5% | - | - |
| 1992 | 28.6% | 49.2% | - | - |
| 1993 | 26.9% | 58.8% | - | - |
| 1994 | 25.4% | 52.6% | - | - |
| 1995 | 26.2% | 50.1% | - | - |
| 1996 | 27.6% | 47% | - | - |
| 1997 | 27.2% | 46.1% | 14.6% | 84.9% |
| 1998 | 26.9% | 42.8% | 14.2% | 107.9% |
| 1999 | 24.1% | 42.2% | 11.3% | 88.2% |
| 2000 | 23.1% | 38.9% | 14.1% | 72.9% |
| 2001 | 24.8% | 36.6% | 12.3% | 45.1% |
| 2002 | 24.4% | 37% | 10.6% | 32% |
| 2003 | 22.2% | 30.2% | 11.3% | 22.4% |
| 2004 | 22.5% | 24.2% | 11% | 15.1% |
| 2005 | 26.7% | 19.8% | 11.5% | 9.01% |
| 2006 | 31.6% | 16.9% | 8.74% | 5.59% |
| 2007 | 25.7% | 16.2% | 7.86% | 4.05% |
| 2008 | 26.7% | 13.5% | 6.36% | 4.71% |
| 2009 | 37% | 20.7% | 7.84% | 4.08% |
| 2010 | 30.4% | 16.8% | 8.86% | 6.21% |
| 2011 | 29.4% | 26.4% | 9.62% | 10% |
| 2012 | 29.5% | 21.8% | 10.3% | 13.8% |
| 2013 | 31.3% | 21.6% | 13% | 16% |
| 2014 | 32.8% | 23.5% | 13.2% | 12.3% |
| 2015 | 35% | 27.1% | 13.8% | 14.5% |
| 2016 | 31.9% | 35.4% | 11.9% | 18.5% |
| 2017 | 30.7% | 39.8% | 14.7% | 20% |
| 2018 | 30.2% | 41.5% | 11.4% | 18.7% |
| 2019 | 31% | 46% | 11.6% | 15.3% |
| 2020 | 36% | 62.2% | 11.8% | 13.3% |
| 2021 | 30.4% | 58.5% | 10.9% | 10.7% |
| 2022 | 27.1% | 51% | 9.44% | 5.77% |
| 2023 | 32.9% | 61.1% | 10.9% | 4.66% |
| 2024 | 32.2% | 64.5% | 11.3% | 4.62% |
| 2025 | 32.4% | 67.2% | 11.1% | 4.5% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, Trinidad and Tobago's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.57B, equivalent to -5.92% of GDP. This compares to Turkmenistan's surplus of $204M, or 0.32% of GDP.
Over the past 28 years, Trinidad and Tobago recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Turkmenistan ran a deficit in 8 years. On average, Trinidad and Tobago posted an annual deficit equal to -2.29% of GDP, compared to surplus of +1.07% of GDP for Turkmenistan.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 1988 | -9.34% | - |
| 1989 | -4.46% | - |
| 1990 | -1.27% | - |
| 1991 | -0.21% | - |
| 1992 | -2.74% | - |
| 1993 | 0.23% | - |
| 1994 | -0.02% | - |
| 1995 | 0.17% | - |
| 1996 | -0.45% | - |
| 1997 | 0.11% | -0.11% |
| 1998 | -1.8% | 0.63% |
| 1999 | -0.88% | 1.35% |
| 2000 | 0.17% | -0.3% |
| 2001 | 0.61% | 0.42% |
| 2002 | -0.2% | 0.1% |
| 2003 | 1.8% | 2.17% |
| 2004 | 1.84% | 0.8% |
| 2005 | 2.36% | 0.47% |
| 2006 | 1.56% | 3.07% |
| 2007 | 3.12% | 2.28% |
| 2008 | 5.39% | 5.85% |
| 2009 | -5.42% | 4.11% |
| 2010 | 0.13% | 1.29% |
| 2011 | -0.67% | 2.4% |
| 2012 | -1.26% | 5.27% |
| 2013 | -2.67% | 1.18% |
| 2014 | -4.31% | 0.69% |
| 2015 | -7.56% | -0.56% |
| 2016 | -10.1% | -2.01% |
| 2017 | -10.4% | -2.35% |
| 2018 | -5.89% | -0.18% |
| 2019 | -3.72% | -0.34% |
| 2020 | -12.1% | -0.14% |
| 2021 | -8.1% | 0.46% |
| 2022 | 0.92% | 2.45% |
| 2023 | -1.19% | 0.75% |
| 2024 | -5.92% | 0.32% |
| 2025 | -3.39% | 0.17% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 29 years, Trinidad and Tobago has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.83%, compared with 44.8% in Turkmenistan. In 2024, inflation was 0.53% in Trinidad and Tobago and 3.9% in Turkmenistan.
| Year | Inflation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
| 1996 | 3.4% | 992% | |
| 1997 | 3.63% | 83.7% | |
| 1998 | 5.61% | 16.8% | |
| 1999 | 3.44% | 23.5% | |
| 2000 | 3.56% | 8% | |
| 2001 | 5.54% | 11.6% | |
| 2002 | 4.15% | 8.8% | |
| 2003 | 3.81% | 5.6% | |
| 2004 | 3.72% | 5.9% | |
| 2005 | 6.87% | 10.7% | |
| 2006 | 8.33% | 8.2% | |
| 2007 | 7.89% | 6.3% | |
| 2008 | 12% | 14.5% | |
| 2009 | 6.98% | -2.7% | |
| 2010 | 10.5% | 4.4% | |
| 2011 | 5.11% | 5.3% | |
| 2012 | 9.26% | 5.3% | |
| 2013 | 5.2% | 6.8% | |
| 2014 | 5.68% | 6% | |
| 2015 | 4.66% | 7.4% | |
| 2016 | 3.07% | 3.6% | |
| 2017 | 1.88% | 8% | |
| 2018 | 1.02% | 13.3% | |
| 2019 | 1% | 5.1% | |
| 2020 | 0.6% | 6.1% | |
| 2021 | 2.06% | 19.5% | |
| 2022 | 5.83% | 11.2% | |
| 2023 | 4.63% | -1.6% | |
| 2024 | 0.53% | 4.6% | |
| 2025 | - | 3.9% | |
Top exports between countries
|
Trinidad
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Machinery & equipment | $21K |
| Metals | $2K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Chemicals & pharma | $7K |
Balance of trade
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$1.23B
2024 |
n/a |
| Current account balance ranking |
52/189
2024 |
n/a |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+4.67%
2024 |
n/a |
| Goods imports |
$7.54B
2024 |
n/a |
| Goods exports |
$10B
2024 |
n/a |
| Service imports |
$2.71B
2024 |
n/a |
| Service exports |
$1.26B
2024 |
n/a |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP | n/a |
12.5%
2023 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
45%
2025 |
21.6%
2023 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 63.6 | 47.1 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 76/197 | 178/197 |
| Property rights | 58.3 | 17.7 |
| Government integrity | 44.7 | 7.3 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 58.5 | 8.2 |
| Tax burden | 79.5 | 94.2 |
| Government spending | 74.5 | 96.7 |
| Fiscal health | 80.9 | 100 |
| Business freedom | 72.6 | 37.4 |
| Labor freedom | 60.4 | 33.9 |
| Monetary freedom | 76.3 | 75.1 |
| Trade freedom | 67.6 | 74.2 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 10 |
| Financial freedom | 40 | 10 |
Economic freedom by year comparison
The Economic Freedom Index for Trinidad and Tobago is 63.6, ranking 76/197, compared to 47.1 for Turkmenistan, ranking 178/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 1996 | 69.2 | - |
| 1997 | 71.3 | - |
| 1998 | 72 | 35 |
| 1999 | 72.4 | 36.1 |
| 2000 | 74.5 | 37.6 |
| 2001 | 71.8 | 41.8 |
| 2002 | 70.1 | 43.2 |
| 2003 | 68.8 | 51.3 |
| 2004 | 71.3 | 50.7 |
| 2005 | 71.5 | 47.6 |
| 2006 | 70.4 | 43.8 |
| 2007 | 70.6 | 43 |
| 2008 | 69.5 | 43.4 |
| 2009 | 68 | 44.2 |
| 2010 | 65.7 | 42.5 |
| 2011 | 66.5 | 43.6 |
| 2012 | 64.4 | 43.8 |
| 2013 | 62.3 | 42.6 |
| 2014 | 62.7 | 42.2 |
| 2015 | 64.1 | 41.4 |
| 2016 | 62.9 | 41.9 |
| 2017 | 61.2 | 47.4 |
| 2018 | 57.7 | 47.1 |
| 2019 | 57 | 48.4 |
| 2020 | 58.3 | 46.5 |
| 2021 | 59 | 47.4 |
| 2022 | 58.8 | 46.2 |
| 2023 | 59.5 | 46.5 |
| 2024 | 60.4 | 46.3 |
| 2025 | 63.6 | 47.1 |
More economic indicators
|
Trinidad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
59.9%
2023 |
49.4%
2023 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
35%
2023 |
39.3%
2023 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.82%
2023 |
11.3%
2023 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$27.4B
2024 |
$62.9B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$36,280
2024 |
$20,220
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.6B
2024 |
$1.51B
1999 |
| Total reserves ranking |
94/177
2024 |
135/177
1999 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$1.57B
2024 |
n/a |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$1.04B
2024 |
$1.64B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$527M
2024 |
n/a |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
n/a |
1.93%
2023 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
20%
2020 |
0.2%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
20.1%
2021 |
47.2%
2012 |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.