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Economy of Cape Verde vs Trinidad and Tobago compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cape Verde has a GDP of $2.77B compared to $26.4B for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 170/197 and 114/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cape Verde has $3.15B in government debt (109.6% of GDP), compared to $17B (67.2% of GDP) in Trinidad and Tobago.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Cape Verde
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Cape Verde Trinidad
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $535,673,252 $3,630,222,802
1961 - - $584,964,621 $4,139,799,750
1962 - - $619,322,810 $4,253,332,232
1963 - - $678,239,329 $4,491,714,373
1964 - - $711,897,520 $4,834,454,628
1965 - - $736,573,159 $4,867,998,505
1966 - - $723,739,857 $5,065,484,518
1967 - - $761,981,912 $5,168,947,937
1968 - - $758,899,950 $5,438,515,892
1969 - - $779,200,000 $5,587,024,608
1970 - - $821,850,000 $5,784,449,703
1971 - - $896,765,215 $5,844,627,406
1972 - - $1,083,391,758 $6,182,467,140
1973 - - $1,308,785,431 $6,284,874,810
1974 - - $2,042,001,071 $6,524,177,955
1975 - - $2,442,669,825 $6,620,603,046
1976 - - $2,500,424,955 $7,044,662,296
1977 - - $3,138,666,667 $7,687,261,624
1978 - - $3,562,333,458 $8,457,254,686
1979 - - $4,602,416,625 $8,761,662,363
1980 $142,246,815 $188,081,995 $6,235,833,333 $9,672,070,064
1981 $139,468,209 $203,977,862 $6,992,083,333 $10,114,780,883
1982 $140,630,679 $209,740,298 $8,140,416,667 $10,499,073,581
1983 $138,476,176 $229,709,147 $7,763,750,000 $9,417,634,514
1984 $132,019,039 $238,399,665 $7,757,083,333 $8,876,035,190
1985 $137,728,205 $259,002,371 $7,375,918,367 $8,510,394,061
1986 $190,651,168 $266,439,508 $4,794,444,444 $8,231,324,363
1987 $235,253,065 $277,920,557 $4,797,777,778 $7,855,829,575
1988 $264,308,140 $294,587,049 $4,496,910,569 $7,547,902,734
1989 $267,448,571 $311,372,470 $4,323,058,824 $7,485,261,616
1990 $306,890,963 $313,527,703 $5,068,000,000 $7,598,226,778
1991 $319,827,059 $317,930,093 $5,307,905,882 $7,834,714,586
1992 $357,160,985 $352,704,164 $5,439,552,941 $8,625,470,724
1993 $490,417,390 $383,418,741 $4,669,491,134 $8,567,756,425
1994 $406,580,652 $456,968,584 $4,947,181,646 $8,873,383,771
1995 $487,148,994 $521,911,297 $5,329,217,747 $9,211,451,985
1996 $501,979,270 $581,130,092 $5,759,570,336 $9,868,640,951
1997 $490,608,658 $645,742,612 $5,737,771,523 $10,611,044,464
1998 $521,910,561 $726,572,060 $6,043,686,654 $11,473,145,562
1999 $592,416,703 $808,112,688 $6,808,982,521 $12,393,844,571
2000 $539,227,278 $923,550,525 $8,154,342,116 $13,249,188,352
2001 $563,090,490 $944,160,983 $8,824,849,191 $13,801,483,946
2002 $620,507,387 $993,737,848 $9,008,298,229 $14,896,867,659
2003 $813,260,469 $1,035,238,918 $11,305,459,802 $17,048,122,760
2004 $924,940,012 $1,140,802,982 $13,280,291,990 $18,403,457,301
2005 $972,241,677 $1,219,660,509 $15,982,389,018 $19,546,116,532
2006 $1,107,571,458 $1,317,035,160 $18,369,361,094 $22,127,779,059
2007 $1,649,621,739 $1,516,838,455 $21,641,620,050 $23,179,780,078
2008 $1,959,620,648 $1,623,608,885 $27,871,587,350 $23,965,977,273
2009 $1,852,334,575 $1,599,196,517 $19,172,165,226 $22,913,456,440
2010 $1,824,751,468 $1,628,564,468 $22,157,920,592 $23,674,922,086
2011 $2,046,817,987 $1,692,481,035 $25,433,007,437 $23,605,233,909
2012 $1,913,081,210 $1,710,821,580 $27,147,349,937 $25,189,164,853
2013 $2,028,910,915 $1,721,636,311 $28,560,536,917 $26,031,643,292
2014 $2,041,930,125 $1,733,630,380 $29,474,180,442 $26,993,607,567
2015 $1,749,857,620 $1,749,857,620 $26,841,143,095 $26,841,143,095
2016 $1,849,789,986 $1,824,764,035 $23,624,333,664 $24,853,971,610
2017 $1,996,741,540 $1,907,814,791 $23,847,765,529 $23,656,360,891
2018 $2,205,099,507 $1,978,536,809 $23,888,910,152 $23,423,221,520
2019 $2,252,177,124 $2,116,002,111 $23,588,037,787 $23,533,735,415
2020 $1,821,565,614 $1,675,762,034 $20,991,339,707 $21,438,575,322
2021 $2,051,842,619 $1,793,627,261 $24,177,305,760 $21,243,057,044
2022 $2,247,003,344 $2,077,803,747 $28,510,328,245 $21,472,954,153
2023 $2,539,203,429 $2,189,821,145 $25,489,373,405 $21,779,397,559
2024 $2,767,599,017 $2,349,062,343 $26,428,963,758 $22,138,889,024

Economic indicators

Cape Verde Trinidad
Gross domestic product
$2.77B
2024
$26.4B
2024
GDP rank
170/197
2024
114/197
2024
GDP growth
8.99%
2023-2024
3.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,273
2024
$19,315
2024
GDP per capita rank
117/197
2024
60/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,262
2024
$36,021
2024
Government debt
$3.15B
2024
$17B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
109.6%
2025
67.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,998
2024
$12,454
2024
Government debt per person rank
75/185
2024
45/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,527
2025
$11,432
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.89B
2001
Income share by richest 10%
32.3%
2015
29.9%
1992
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2015
2.1%
1992
Government expenditure, % of GDP
29.5%
2025
32.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.5%
2024-2025
0.53%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.5%
2024
3.5%
2020
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2019
3.36%
2023
Population
529186
1372940

GDP per capita in Cape Verde vs Trinidad and Tobago

Cape Verde's GDP per capita is $5,273, ranking 117/197, compared to $19,315 in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 60/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cape Verde ranks 128th at $11,262, while Trinidad and Tobago ranks 62nd at $36,021.

Cape Verde
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Trinidad and Tobago
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Cape Verde Trinidad
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $634 -
1961 - - $678 -
1962 - - $704 -
1963 - - $756 -
1964 - - $780 -
1965 - - $793 -
1966 - - $768 -
1967 - - $797 -
1968 - - $783 -
1969 - - $795 -
1970 - - $829 -
1971 - - $894 -
1972 - - $1,067 -
1973 - - $1,273 -
1974 - - $1,962 -
1975 - - $2,319 -
1976 - - $2,345 -
1977 - - $2,907 -
1978 - - $3,258 -
1979 - - $4,155 -
1980 $440 - $5,559 -
1981 $425 - $6,160 -
1982 $423 - $7,091 -
1983 $410 - $6,690 -
1984 $385 - $6,613 -
1985 $396 - $6,212 -
1986 $541 - $3,985 -
1987 $658 - $3,941 -
1988 $729 - $3,656 -
1989 $727 - $3,482 -
1990 $817 $1,044 $4,047 $6,878
1991 $832 $1,069 $4,205 $7,274
1992 $908 $1,186 $4,277 $8,129
1993 $1,220 $1,291 $3,647 $8,209
1994 $991 $1,540 $3,840 $8,631
1995 $1,165 $1,762 $4,115 $9,099
1996 $1,180 $1,963 $4,427 $9,883
1997 $1,134 $2,182 $4,394 $10,769
1998 $1,187 $2,443 $4,613 $11,735
1999 $1,327 $2,714 $5,179 $12,812
2000 $1,190 $3,124 $6,179 $13,953
2001 $1,223 $3,217 $6,657 $14,797
2002 $1,329 $3,388 $6,763 $16,141
2003 $1,718 $3,551 $8,445 $18,743
2004 $1,929 $3,969 $9,871 $20,674
2005 $2,004 $4,324 $12,346 $23,536
2006 $2,257 $4,758 $14,153 $27,393
2007 $3,325 $5,567 $16,607 $29,355
2008 $3,909 $6,011 $21,299 $30,807
2009 $3,660 $5,901 $14,634 $29,602
2010 $3,579 $6,039 $16,815 $30,778
2011 $4,002 $6,384 $19,151 $31,078
2012 $3,737 $6,318 $20,332 $31,883
2013 $3,961 $6,367 $21,305 $31,746
2014 $3,986 $6,417 $21,908 $32,027
2015 $3,415 $6,773 $19,887 $29,825
2016 $3,609 $7,351 $17,449 $28,232
2017 $3,893 $7,936 $17,579 $28,505
2018 $4,295 $7,916 $17,576 $28,680
2019 $4,381 $8,646 $17,293 $29,454
2020 $3,539 $6,853 $15,359 $26,863
2021 $3,971 $7,685 $17,679 $30,425
2022 $4,323 $9,481 $20,874 $32,989
2023 $4,861 $10,300 $18,639 $34,620
2024 $5,273 $11,262 $19,315 $36,021

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Cape Verde's government spending was $733M, accounting for 29.5% of its GDP, while Trinidad and Tobago's spent $8.51B, or 32.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 109.6% in Cape Verde and 67.2% in Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 16/185 and 63/185, respectively.

Cape Verde
Government spending

Government debt
Trinidad and Tobago
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Cape Verde Trinidad
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1988 - - 45.3% 65.3%
1989 - - 30.9% 51.9%
1990 - - 26.9% 47.7%
1991 - - 29.6% 49.5%
1992 - - 28.6% 49.2%
1993 - - 26.9% 58.8%
1994 48.1% 73.4% 25.4% 52.6%
1995 44.5% 74.3% 26.2% 50.1%
1996 38.9% 85.7% 27.6% 47%
1997 34.8% 79.3% 27.2% 46.1%
1998 29.8% 72.9% 26.9% 42.8%
1999 35% 66.4% 24.1% 42.2%
2000 36.7% 71.9% 23.1% 38.9%
2001 24.2% 62.2% 24.8% 36.6%
2002 28.5% 64.7% 24.4% 37%
2003 23.4% 65.6% 22.2% 30.2%
2004 26.3% 67.8% 22.5% 24.2%
2005 26.2% 66.7% 26.7% 19.8%
2006 28.4% 66.2% 31.6% 16.9%
2007 27.1% 59.6% 25.7% 16.2%
2008 27.6% 57.5% 26.7% 13.5%
2009 30.6% 58.8% 37% 20.7%
2010 35.7% 73.5% 30.4% 16.8%
2011 30.3% 71.6% 29.4% 26.4%
2012 31.6% 82.9% 29.5% 21.8%
2013 30.9% 93.5% 31.3% 21.6%
2014 27.8% 105.6% 32.8% 23.5%
2015 28.7% 115.6% 35% 27.1%
2016 26.6% 115.4% 31.9% 35.4%
2017 28% 112.8% 30.7% 39.8%
2018 27.5% 112% 30.2% 41.5%
2019 27.5% 109.4% 31% 46%
2020 34.5% 143.8% 36% 62.2%
2021 30.8% 149.1% 30.4% 58.5%
2022 25.9% 124% 27.1% 51%
2023 24.8% 114% 32.9% 61.1%
2024 26.5% 113.7% 32.2% 64.5%
2025 29.5% 109.6% 32.4% 67.2%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Cape Verde's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$65.4M, equivalent to -2.36% of GDP. This compares to Trinidad and Tobago's deficit of -$1.57B, or -5.92% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Cape Verde recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Trinidad and Tobago ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Cape Verde posted an annual deficit equal to -6.05% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.08% of GDP for Trinidad and Tobago.

Deficit/surplus
Cape Verde

Trinidad and Tobago
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cape Verde Trinidad
1988 - -9.34%
1989 - -4.46%
1990 - -1.27%
1991 - -0.21%
1992 - -2.74%
1993 - 0.23%
1994 -12.8% -0.02%
1995 -11.1% 0.17%
1996 -11.2% -0.45%
1997 -10.2% 0.11%
1998 -3.16% -1.8%
1999 -10.9% -0.88%
2000 -15.5% 0.17%
2001 -5.03% 0.61%
2002 -6.14% -0.2%
2003 -3.63% 1.8%
2004 -2.98% 1.84%
2005 -4.69% 2.36%
2006 -4.32% 1.56%
2007 -0.86% 3.12%
2008 -1.42% 5.39%
2009 -5.32% -5.42%
2010 -9.6% 0.13%
2011 -6.98% -0.67%
2012 -9.36% -1.26%
2013 -8.49% -2.67%
2014 -6.93% -4.31%
2015 -4.16% -7.56%
2016 -2.73% -10.1%
2017 -2.63% -10.4%
2018 -2.36% -5.89%
2019 -1.62% -3.72%
2020 -9.29% -12.1%
2021 -7.51% -8.1%
2022 -4.15% 0.92%
2023 -0.27% -1.19%
2024 -2.36% -5.92%
2025 -1.77% -3.39%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Cape Verde has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.43%, compared with 4.83% in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2024, inflation was 1.5% in Cape Verde and 0.53% in Trinidad and Tobago.

Inflation
Cape Verde

Trinidad and Tobago
Year Inflation
Cape Verde Trinidad Cape Verde Trinidad
1996 6% 3.4%
1997 8.6% 3.63%
1998 4.4% 5.61%
1999 4.3% 3.44%
2000 -2.4% 3.56%
2001 3.7% 5.54%
2002 1.9% 4.15%
2003 1.2% 3.81%
2004 -1.9% 3.72%
2005 0.4% 6.87%
2006 4.8% 8.33%
2007 4.4% 7.89%
2008 6.8% 12%
2009 1% 6.98%
2010 2.1% 10.5%
2011 4.5% 5.11%
2012 2.5% 9.26%
2013 1.5% 5.2%
2014 -0.2% 5.68%
2015 0.1% 4.66%
2016 -1.4% 3.07%
2017 0.8% 1.88%
2018 1.3% 1.02%
2019 1.1% 1%
2020 0.6% 0.6%
2021 1.9% 2.06%
2022 7.9% 5.83%
2023 3.7% 4.63%
2024 1% 0.53%
2025 1.5% -

Top exports between countries

Cape Verde
Export category Export value
Trinidad
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Cape Verde Trinidad
Current account balance
$107M
2024
$1.23B
2024
Current account balance ranking
66/189
2024
52/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.85%
2024
+4.67%
2024
Goods imports
$1.17B
2024
$7.54B
2024
Goods exports
$328M
2024
$10B
2024
Service imports
$298M
2024
$2.71B
2024
Service exports
$830M
2024
$1.26B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.2%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
45%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cape Verde Trinidad
Economic freedom 68.7 63.6
Economic freedom ranking 44/197 76/197
Property rights 64.6 58.3
Government integrity 64.4 44.7
Judicial effectiveness 75.1 58.5
Tax burden 84.4 79.5
Government spending 77.8 74.5
Fiscal health 54.7 80.9
Business freedom 80.2 72.6
Labor freedom 59.6 60.4
Monetary freedom 76.5 76.3
Trade freedom 67 67.6
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Cape Verde is 68.7, ranking 44/197, compared to 63.6 for Trinidad and Tobago, ranking 76/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Cape Verde
Trinidad and Tobago
Year Economic freedom index
Cape Verde Trinidad
1996 49.7 69.2
1997 47.7 71.3
1998 48 72
1999 50.7 72.4
2000 51.9 74.5
2001 56.3 71.8
2002 57.6 70.1
2003 56.1 68.8
2004 58.1 71.3
2005 57.8 71.5
2006 58.6 70.4
2007 56.5 70.6
2008 57.9 69.5
2009 61.3 68
2010 61.8 65.7
2011 64.6 66.5
2012 63.5 64.4
2013 63.7 62.3
2014 66.1 62.7
2015 66.4 64.1
2016 66.5 62.9
2017 56.9 61.2
2018 60 57.7
2019 63.1 57
2020 63.6 58.3
2021 63.8 59
2022 66.7 58.8
2023 65.8 59.5
2024 62.9 60.4
2025 68.7 63.6

More economic indicators

Cape Verde Trinidad
Services, % of GDP
69.4%
2024
59.9%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
10.5%
2024
35%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.7%
2024
0.82%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$2.63B
2024
$27.4B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,050
2024
$36,280
2024
Total reserves including gold
$783M
2024
$5.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
144/177
2024
94/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$89.2M
2024
$1.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$110M
2024
-$1.04B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$20.8M
2024
$527M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.47%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
24.8%
2023
20%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16%
2024
20.1%
2021

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.