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Economy of Chile vs Malaysia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $472B for Malaysia, ranking 45/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $334B (70.7% of GDP) in Malaysia.

Chile vs Malaysia GDP by year

Chile
Malaysia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Malaysia
2025 $357,371,159,575 $472,193,128,645
2024 $329,260,633,699 $422,227,005,429
2023 $335,802,745,366 $399,949,418,753
2022 $301,099,244,104 $407,830,525,990
2021 $315,507,493,783 $373,784,553,030
2020 $254,103,710,483 $337,456,163,961
2019 $278,308,438,545 $365,177,721,022
2018 $295,857,562,992 $358,788,845,713
2017 $276,154,259,981 $319,109,094,160
2016 $249,344,863,928 $301,256,033,870
2015 $242,450,355,831 $301,355,266,965
2014 $259,560,978,224 $338,066,095,097
2013 $277,395,018,842 $323,276,235,524
2012 $267,024,782,487 $314,443,047,642
2011 $251,382,573,894 $297,951,668,675
2010 $217,051,209,239 $255,017,638,456
2009 $171,777,900,624 $202,257,453,037
2008 $179,894,594,475 $230,811,614,370
2007 $172,491,076,034 $193,549,569,478
2006 $153,843,518,171 $162,692,258,307
2005 $122,294,145,163 $143,534,405,819
2004 $99,075,985,774 $124,749,473,684
2003 $76,492,579,644 $110,202,368,421
2002 $70,264,045,939 $100,845,526,316
2001 $71,574,739,561 $92,783,947,368
2000 $78,339,750,721 $93,789,736,842
1999 $75,578,685,736 $79,148,421,053
1998 $81,990,010,704 $72,167,498,981
1997 $85,741,415,285 $100,005,323,302
1996 $78,584,098,984 $100,855,393,910
1995 $73,820,425,702 $88,705,342,903
1994 $57,438,273,591 $74,478,356,958
1993 $49,934,943,321 $66,894,966,969
1992 $46,538,895,686 $59,167,550,163
1991 $38,232,330,917 $49,143,148,094
1990 $33,428,580,448 $44,024,585,240
1989 $30,101,767,991 $38,847,965,293
1988 $26,174,858,614 $35,272,109,220
1987 $22,605,488,851 $32,181,210,158
1986 $19,197,818,085 $27,734,111,400
1985 $17,933,557,360 $31,199,633,353
1984 $19,974,595,028 $33,942,897,422
1983 $20,629,678,694 $30,347,442,111
1982 $19,710,229,067 $26,804,493,635
1981 $35,180,322,211 $25,004,285,792
1980 $29,586,676,576 $24,488,224,677
1979 $22,249,574,628 $21,213,264,962
1978 $16,373,093,554 $16,358,079,862
1977 $14,272,711,437 $13,139,488,633
1976 $10,523,479,089 $11,050,234,599
1975 $7,812,161,793 $9,298,800,799
1974 $16,584,311,220 $9,496,204,302
1973 $17,237,336,173 $7,662,902,678
1972 $12,057,501,635 $5,043,347,250
1971 $10,999,807,567 $4,244,395,956
1970 $9,261,006,540 $3,864,145,667
1969 $8,456,519,044 $3,664,552,041
1968 $7,286,820,526 $3,330,371,551
1967 $7,145,068,068 $3,188,924,677
1966 $7,256,882,086 $3,143,517,944
1965 $6,183,988,944 $2,956,337,669
1964 $6,065,708,668 $2,674,423,922
1963 $5,702,520,146 $2,510,110,348
1962 $5,765,971,144 $2,001,489,602
1961 $4,948,564,551 $1,901,856,123
1960 $4,211,103,677 $1,916,229,477

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Malaysia by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Malaysia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Malaysia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $13,125 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $11,874 $38,779
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $11,386 $36,467
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $11,755 $34,420
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $10,903 $29,823
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $9,958 $27,475
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $10,920 $28,934
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $10,902 $27,794
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $9,863 $26,416
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $9,477 $25,286
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $9,649 $24,526
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $11,013 $24,307
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $10,714 $23,161
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $10,601 $22,639
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $10,217 $21,324
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $8,899 $20,193
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $7,191 $18,923
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $8,372 $19,480
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $7,169 $18,617
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $6,158 $17,426
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $5,556 $16,371
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $4,939 $15,416
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $4,465 $14,387
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $4,184 $13,656
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $3,944 $13,072
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $4,084 $13,027
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $3,528 $11,980
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $3,294 $11,398
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $4,679 $12,469
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $4,837 $11,709
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $4,363 $10,720
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $3,758 $9,806
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $3,462 $9,018
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $3,141 $8,224
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,679 $7,583
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $2,469 $6,887
1989 $2,278 - $2,244 -
1988 $2,014 - $2,100 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,977 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,760 -
1985 $1,447 - $2,046 -
1984 $1,636 - $2,300 -
1983 $1,715 - $2,124 -
1982 $1,663 - $1,938 -
1981 $3,012 - $1,866 -
1980 $2,571 - $1,886 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,680 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,327 -
1977 $1,297 - $1,092 -
1976 $971 - $940 -
1975 $732 - $811 -
1974 $1,579 - $848 -
1973 $1,667 - $701 -
1972 $1,185 - $472 -
1971 $1,099 - $407 -
1970 $941 - $380 -
1969 $874 - $368 -
1968 $766 - $342 -
1967 $764 - $335 -
1966 $790 - $339 -
1965 $686 - $326 -
1964 $686 - $303 -
1963 $658 - $291.8 -
1962 $679 - $238.8 -
1961 $594 - $232.9 -
1960 $516 - $240.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $13,125 in Malaysia, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Malaysia ranks 60th at $38,779.

Economic indicators

Chile Malaysia
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$472B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
35/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
5.17%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$13,125
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$38,779
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
60/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$334B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
70.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$9,273
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
62/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$11,034
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$487B
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
19
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
30.9%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
2.3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
23.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
1.38%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
2.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
3.9%
2022
Population
19992079
36600906

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Malaysia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Malaysia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 23.4% 70.7%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 24% 69.8%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 25% 69.7%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 24.6% 65.5%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 24.5% 69.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 25% 67.7%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 23.6% 57.1%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 22.8% 55.6%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 22% 54.4%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 22.9% 55.8%
2015 25% 17.4% 24.7% 57%
2014 23.9% 15% 26% 55.4%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 27.8% 55.7%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 28.5% 53.8%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 27.1% 51.9%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 26.6% 51.2%
2009 25% 5.84% 30.9% 50.4%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 26.9% 39.4%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 25.9% 39.3%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 25.6% 39.7%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 24.5% 40.8%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 25.9% 42%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 28.1% 41.4%
2002 23.2% 15% 27.1% 39.5%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 28.2% 38.1%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 25.6% 32.5%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 24.6% 34.4%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 23.1% 33.6%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 21.2% 29.6%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 22.4% 32.8%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 22.6% 38.2%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 23.3% 43.7%
1993 21.2% 28.1% 24.6% 51.1%
1992 20.9% 30.5% 28.2% 59.1%
1991 21.2% 37.1% 27.4% 67.3%
1990 21% 50.3% 30.5% 74.1%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Malaysia spent $111B, or 23.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 70.7% in Malaysia, ranking 126/185 and 56/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Malaysia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Malaysia
2025 -2.78% -3.54%
2024 -2.82% -3.45%
2023 -2.27% -4.11%
2022 1.36% -4.56%
2021 -7.53% -6.03%
2020 -7.1% -4.9%
2019 -2.73% -2.01%
2018 -1.48% -2.64%
2017 -2.63% -2.41%
2016 -2.66% -2.6%
2015 -2.09% -2.55%
2014 -1.5% -2.63%
2013 -0.47% -3.48%
2012 0.68% -3.1%
2011 1.43% -3.57%
2010 -0.36% -4.32%
2009 -4.26% -5.88%
2008 3.93% -3.4%
2007 7.95% -2.57%
2006 7.51% -2.6%
2005 4.57% -2.83%
2004 2.05% -3.35%
2003 -0.42% -4.6%
2002 -1.17% -3.96%
2001 -0.49% -4.36%
2000 -0.69% -6.05%
1999 -2.02% -3%
1998 0.39% -0.63%
1997 2.04% 4.84%
1996 2.07% 3.27%
1995 3.1% 3.1%
1994 1.44% 5.45%
1993 1.42% 3.44%
1992 2.11% 1.81%
1991 1.54% 1.6%
1990 2.25% 0.15%
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Malaysia's deficit of $16.7B, or 3.54% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Malaysia ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.1% of GDP for Malaysia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Malaysia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Malaysia
2025 4.21% 1.38%
2024 4.3% 1.83%
2023 7.58% 2.49%
2022 11.6% 3.38%
2021 4.52% 2.48%
2020 3.05% -1.14%
2019 2.56% 0.66%
2018 2.43% 0.88%
2017 2.18% 3.87%
2016 3.79% 2.09%
2015 4.35% 2.1%
2014 4.72% 3.14%
2013 1.79% 2.11%
2012 3.01% 1.66%
2011 3.34% 3.17%
2010 1.41% 1.62%
2009 0.35% 0.58%
2008 8.72% 5.44%
2007 4.41% 2.03%
2006 3.39% 3.61%
2005 3.05% 2.98%
2004 1.05% 1.42%
2003 2.81% 1.09%
2002 2.49% 1.81%
2001 3.57% 1.42%
2000 3.84% 1.53%
1999 3.34% 2.74%
1998 5.11% 5.27%
1997 6.13% 2.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 2.22% in Malaysia. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 1.38% in Malaysia.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $130M
Metals $68.4M
Animal & marine products $36.9M
Wood & paper products $17.6M
Raw agricultural goods $9.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.18M
Machinery & equipment $3.94M
Miscellaneous $2.08M
Chemicals & pharma $1.85M
Textiles & consumer goods $41K
Malaysia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $67.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $48.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $29.8M
Chemicals & pharma $22.6M
Machinery & equipment $20.5M
Wood & paper products $1.88M
Metals $1.76M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.67M
Miscellaneous $492K
Animal & marine products $227K

Balance of trade

Chile Malaysia
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$7.15B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
29/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+1.69%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$223B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$248B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$56.4B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$53.4B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
65.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
71%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Malaysia
Economic freedom 74.3 68
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 51/197
Property rights 69.7 62.7
Government integrity 67.8 52.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 63.4
Tax burden 72.5 83.5
Government spending 78.2 82
Fiscal health 94.1 62.5
Business freedom 78.5 79.6
Labor freedom 56.8 55.4
Monetary freedom 75.1 80.8
Trade freedom 78 83
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Malaysia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Malaysia
2026 74.3 68
2025 73.2 67.1
2024 71.4 65.7
2023 71.1 67.3
2022 74.4 68.1
2021 75.2 74.4
2020 76.8 74.7
2019 75.4 74
2018 75.2 74.5
2017 76.5 73.8
2016 77.7 71.5
2015 78.5 70.8
2014 78.7 69.6
2013 79 66.1
2012 78.3 66.4
2011 77.4 66.3
2010 77.2 64.8
2009 78.3 64.6
2008 78.6 63.9
2007 77.7 63.8
2006 78 61.6
2005 77.8 61.9
2004 76.9 59.9
2003 76 61.1
2002 77.8 60.1
2001 75.1 60.2
2000 74.7 66
1999 74.1 68.9
1998 74.9 68.2
1997 75.9 66.8
1996 72.6 69.9
1995 71.2 71.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 68 for Malaysia, ranking 51/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Malaysia
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
54.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
35.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
8.22%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$445B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$40,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$126B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
25/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$2.55B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$15.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$13B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
5.1%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
20.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/malaysia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.