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Economy of Chile vs Cyprus compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $37.6B for Cyprus, ranking 45/197 and 103/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $24.5B (65.1% of GDP) in Cyprus.

Chile vs Cyprus GDP by year

Chile
Cyprus
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Cyprus
2024 $330,267,137,372 $37,634,533,332
2023 $335,518,054,098 $35,075,423,857
2022 $301,226,575,540 $31,218,038,929
2021 $315,325,547,162 $30,372,642,502
2020 $254,042,159,309 $25,555,093,854
2019 $278,285,058,719 $26,196,667,100
2018 $295,857,562,992 $25,754,001,368
2017 $276,154,259,981 $22,946,570,629
2016 $249,344,863,928 $21,046,462,281
2015 $242,450,355,831 $19,909,278,417
2014 $259,560,978,224 $23,225,918,260
2013 $277,395,018,842 $23,959,712,861
2012 $267,024,782,487 $25,047,436,975
2011 $251,382,573,894 $27,641,549,302
2010 $217,051,209,239 $25,799,940,078
2009 $171,777,900,624 $26,048,179,949
2008 $179,894,594,475 $27,844,646,258
2007 $172,491,076,034 $23,968,727,074
2006 $153,843,518,171 $20,072,754,987
2005 $122,294,145,163 $18,433,412,511
2004 $99,075,985,774 $17,320,551,250
2003 $76,492,579,644 $14,547,329,558
2002 $70,264,045,939 $11,420,228,846
2001 $71,574,739,561 $10,397,898,907
2000 $78,339,750,721 $9,985,847,314
1999 $75,578,685,736 $10,497,907,228
1998 $81,990,010,704 $10,248,618,778
1997 $85,741,415,285 $9,547,816,420
1996 $78,584,098,984 $10,011,914,680
1995 $73,820,425,702 $9,933,137,128
1994 $57,438,273,591 $7,425,703,929
1993 $49,934,943,321 $6,590,291,048
1992 $46,538,895,686 $6,912,150,456
1991 $38,232,330,917 $5,770,197,348
1990 $33,428,580,448 $5,591,130,218
1989 $30,101,767,991 $4,563,482,604
1988 $26,174,858,614 $4,278,792,597
1987 $22,605,488,851 $3,704,813,886
1986 $19,197,818,085 $3,090,734,463
1985 $17,933,557,360 $2,430,411,900
1984 $19,974,595,028 $2,278,248,953
1983 $20,629,678,694 $2,160,364,071
1982 $19,710,229,067 $2,159,242,417
1981 $35,180,322,211 $2,087,496,374
1980 $29,586,676,576 $2,154,311,277
1979 $22,249,574,628 $1,288,699,776
1978 $16,373,093,554 $964,024,364
1977 $14,272,711,437 $734,876,021
1976 $10,523,479,089 $576,090,074
1975 $7,812,161,793 $489,912,574
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Cyprus by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Cyprus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Cyprus
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $27,707 $63,007
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $26,079 $59,875
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $23,448 $55,876
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $23,057 $47,633
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $19,624 $42,569
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $20,360 $44,394
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $20,267 $40,262
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $18,295 $37,768
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $17,013 $35,247
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $16,326 $31,380
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $19,326 $29,893
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $20,238 $30,416
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $21,493 $31,924
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $24,110 $33,406
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $22,876 $33,502
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $23,480 $33,901
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $25,522 $34,830
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $22,344 $32,888
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $19,037 $30,009
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $17,790 $27,763
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $17,016 $25,942
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $14,553 $24,278
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $11,636 $23,556
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $10,785 $22,866
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $10,537 $21,296
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $11,273 $19,663
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $11,206 $18,760
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $10,637 $17,781
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $11,373 $17,320
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $11,514 $17,096
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $8,791 $15,735
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $7,978 $14,852
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $8,530 $14,759
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $7,222 $13,546
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $7,092 $13,348
1989 $2,278 - $5,870 -
1988 $2,014 - $5,584 -
1987 $1,767 - $4,908 -
1986 $1,525 - $4,159 -
1985 $1,447 - $3,324 -
1984 $1,636 - $3,167 -
1983 $1,715 - $3,055 -
1982 $1,663 - $3,100 -
1981 $3,012 - $3,030 -
1980 $2,571 - $3,154 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,902 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,434 -
1977 $1,297 - $1,102 -
1976 $971 - $870 -
1975 $732 - $743 -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $27,707 in Cyprus, ranking 45/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Cyprus ranks 29th at $63,007.

Economic indicators

Chile Cyprus
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$37.6B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
103/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
3.94%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$27,707
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$63,007
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
29/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$24.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
65.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$18,034
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
34/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$25,384
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$10.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
10
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
26.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
40%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
1.8%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
4.87%
2024
Population
19977856
1386362

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Cyprus
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Cyprus
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 40% 65.1%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 42% 73.6%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 38% 81.1%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 42.6% 96.5%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 45.9% 113.6%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 40.3% 92.3%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 44.3% 100.7%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 38.4% 96.4%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 39.6% 106.8%
2015 25% 17.4% 43% 111.6%
2014 23.9% 15% 52.1% 113%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 42.1% 102.7%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 41.9% 79.2%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 42.1% 64.8%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 41.7% 55.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 41.9% 52.8%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 38.2% 44.1%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 37.6% 53.1%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 39.1% 59%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 39.7% 64%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 38.6% 64.7%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 40.4% 63%
2002 23.2% 15% 37.4% 61%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 35.7% 57.5%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 35% 56%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 34.3% 55.7%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 34.4% 55%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 34.2% 53.5%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 32.4% 48.8%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 30.4% 46.7%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Cyprus spent $15B, or 40% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 65.1% in Cyprus, ranking 129/185 and 68/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Cyprus
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Cyprus
2024 -2.82% 4.28%
2023 -2.27% 1.7%
2022 1.36% 2.65%
2021 -7.53% -1.64%
2020 -7.1% -5.57%
2019 -2.73% 1.03%
2018 -1.48% -3.36%
2017 -2.63% 2.13%
2016 -2.66% 0.45%
2015 -2.09% -0.77%
2014 -1.5% -8.8%
2013 -0.47% -5.16%
2012 0.68% -5.55%
2011 1.43% -5.65%
2010 -0.36% -4.68%
2009 -4.26% -5.43%
2008 3.93% 0.87%
2007 7.95% 3.23%
2006 7.51% -1.04%
2005 4.57% -2.22%
2004 2.05% -3.71%
2003 -0.42% -5.91%
2002 -1.17% -4.13%
2001 -0.49% -2.11%
2000 -0.69% -2.24%
1999 -2.02% -4.05%
1998 0.39% -3.85%
1997 2.04% -4.82%
1996 2.07% -2.96%
1995 3.09% -0.71%
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Cyprus' surplus of $1.61B, or 4.28% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Cyprus ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.27% of GDP for Cyprus.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Cyprus
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Cyprus
2024 4.3% 1.8%
2023 7.58% 3.54%
2022 11.6% 8.4%
2021 4.52% 2.45%
2020 3.05% -0.64%
2019 2.56% 0.25%
2018 2.43% 1.44%
2017 2.18% 0.53%
2016 3.79% -1.43%
2015 4.35% -2.1%
2014 4.72% -1.35%
2013 1.79% -0.4%
2012 3.01% 2.39%
2011 3.34% 3.29%
2010 1.41% 2.43%
2009 0.35% 0.33%
2008 8.72% 4.67%
2007 4.41% 2.37%
2006 3.39% 2.3%
2005 3.05% 2.56%
2004 1.05% 2.29%
2003 2.81% 4.14%
2002 2.49% 2.8%
2001 3.57% 1.97%
2000 3.84% 4.14%
1999 3.34% 1.63%
1998 5.11% 2.23%
1997 6.13% 3.61%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 1.99% in Cyprus. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 1.8% in Cyprus.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.3M
Animal & marine products $2.95M
Raw materials & minerals $2.78M
Machinery & equipment $2.01M
Raw agricultural goods $1.13M
Miscellaneous $606K
Wood & paper products $84K
Textiles & consumer goods $13K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Cyprus
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $16.2M
Chemicals & pharma $616K
Machinery & equipment $586K
Textiles & consumer goods $107K
Business & finance services $105K
Animal & marine products $55K
Raw agricultural goods $31K
Miscellaneous $12K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Chile Cyprus
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
157/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-8.16%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$11.9B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$4.43B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$23.2B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$32.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
93.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
97%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Cyprus
Economic freedom 74.3 74.1
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 21/197
Property rights 69.7 85.1
Government integrity 67.8 59.7
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 89.8
Tax burden 72.5 80.8
Government spending 78.2 52.1
Fiscal health 94.1 91.5
Business freedom 78.5 82.3
Labor freedom 56.8 60.3
Monetary freedom 75.1 78.7
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Cyprus
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Cyprus
2026 74.3 74.1
2025 73.2 73.2
2024 71.4 72.2
2023 71.1 72.3
2022 74.4 72.9
2021 75.2 71.4
2020 76.8 70.1
2019 75.4 68.1
2018 75.2 67.8
2017 76.5 67.9
2016 77.7 68.7
2015 78.5 67.9
2014 78.7 67.6
2013 79 69
2012 78.3 71.8
2011 77.4 73.3
2010 77.2 70.9
2009 78.3 70.8
2008 78.6 71.3
2007 77.7 71.7
2006 78 71.8
2005 77.8 71.9
2004 76.9 74.1
2003 76 73.3
2002 77.8 73
2001 75.1 71
2000 74.7 67.2
1999 74.1 67.8
1998 74.9 68.2
1997 75.9 67.9
1996 72.6 67.7
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/cyprus | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 74.1 for Cyprus, ranking 21/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Cyprus
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
76.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
11.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
1.16%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$32B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$56,200
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$2.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
124/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$5.49B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$50.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
-$55.9B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
13.9%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
20.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.