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Economy of Chile vs Hungary compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $223B for Hungary, ranking 45/197 and 55/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $164B (73.5% of GDP) in Hungary.

Chile vs Hungary GDP by year

Chile
Hungary
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Hungary
2024 $330,267,137,372 $222,722,738,926
2023 $335,518,054,098 $213,240,316,635
2022 $301,226,575,540 $177,002,580,544
2021 $315,325,547,162 $183,282,685,440
2020 $254,042,159,309 $158,468,487,754
2019 $278,285,058,719 $164,936,682,034
2018 $295,857,562,992 $161,184,691,014
2017 $276,154,259,981 $143,335,098,992
2016 $249,344,863,928 $128,983,560,865
2015 $242,450,355,831 $125,244,126,623
2014 $259,560,978,224 $141,128,696,412
2013 $277,395,018,842 $135,646,053,779
2012 $267,024,782,487 $128,470,269,690
2011 $251,382,573,894 $141,712,804,954
2010 $217,051,209,239 $131,898,737,241
2009 $171,777,900,624 $130,807,441,076
2008 $179,894,594,475 $158,228,265,916
2007 $172,491,076,034 $140,123,326,896
2006 $153,843,518,171 $115,604,111,412
2005 $122,294,145,163 $113,098,237,571
2004 $99,075,985,774 $104,015,363,080
2003 $76,492,579,644 $85,190,469,121
2002 $70,264,045,939 $67,636,468,625
2001 $71,574,739,561 $53,800,068,066
2000 $78,339,750,721 $47,275,954,429
1999 $75,578,685,736 $49,160,204,397
1998 $81,990,010,704 $48,784,412,624
1997 $85,741,415,285 $47,398,564,799
1996 $78,584,098,984 $46,833,767,124
1995 $73,820,425,702 $46,577,614,589
1994 $57,438,273,591 $43,307,949,890
1993 $49,934,943,321 $40,256,233,360
1992 $46,538,895,686 $38,857,339,125
1991 $38,232,330,917 $34,867,307,353
1990 $33,428,580,448 $34,478,360,679
1989 $30,101,767,991 $30,422,508,938
1988 $26,174,858,614 $29,799,838,597
1987 $22,605,488,851 $27,232,016,527
1986 $19,197,818,085 $24,778,163,812
1985 $17,933,557,360 $21,510,643,750
1984 $19,974,595,028 $21,242,726,264
1983 $20,629,678,694 $21,910,365,258
1982 $19,710,229,067 $24,141,667,188
1981 $35,180,322,211 $23,705,883,892
1980 $29,586,676,576 $23,116,977,148
1979 $22,249,574,628 $19,959,731,325
1978 $16,373,093,554 $17,286,744,154
1977 $14,272,711,437 $14,783,674,055
1976 $10,523,479,089 $13,235,612,079
1975 $7,812,161,793 $11,420,392,515
1974 $16,584,311,220 $10,016,338,179
1973 $17,237,336,173 $9,138,292,402
1972 $12,057,501,635 $7,379,313,742
1971 $10,999,807,567 $6,291,568,221
1970 $9,261,006,540 $5,780,929,203
1969 $8,456,519,044 $5,429,812,387
1968 $7,286,820,526 $4,886,222,555
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Hungary by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Hungary
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Hungary
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $23,292 $48,552
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $22,231 $46,592
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $18,428 $44,366
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $19,031 $38,887
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $16,387 $35,584
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $17,013 $35,627
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $16,605 $32,258
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $14,736 $29,728
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $13,216 $28,179
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $12,783 $26,938
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $14,353 $25,796
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $13,739 $24,592
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $12,950 $23,205
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $14,211 $22,992
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $13,190 $21,691
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $13,051 $20,691
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $15,763 $20,709
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $13,935 $19,089
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $11,478 $18,362
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $11,212 $17,091
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $10,291 $16,251
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $8,410 $15,460
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $6,658 $14,532
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $5,281 $13,223
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $4,630 $11,872
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $4,802 $10,892
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $4,752 $10,415
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $4,606 $9,846
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $4,542 $9,388
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $4,509 $9,222
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $4,187 $8,888
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $3,887 $8,441
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $3,747 $8,284
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $3,361 $8,352
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $3,324 $9,169
1989 $2,278 - $2,902 -
1988 $2,014 - $2,812 -
1987 $1,767 - $2,566 -
1986 $1,525 - $2,331 -
1985 $1,447 - $2,020 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,991 -
1983 $1,715 - $2,050 -
1982 $1,663 - $2,255 -
1981 $3,012 - $2,213 -
1980 $2,571 - $2,158 -
1979 $1,962 - $1,865 -
1978 $1,465 - $1,618 -
1977 $1,297 - $1,388 -
1976 $971 - $1,249 -
1975 $732 - $1,083 -
1974 $1,579 - $956 -
1973 $1,667 - $876 -
1972 $1,185 - $710 -
1971 $1,099 - $607 -
1970 $941 - $559 -
1969 $874 - $527 -
1968 $766 - $476 -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $23,292 in Hungary, ranking 55/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Hungary ranks 48th at $48,552.

Economic indicators

Chile Hungary
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$223B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
55/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
0.56%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$23,292
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
55/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$48,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
48/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$164B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
73.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$17,109
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
37/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$16,996
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
$41.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
24,692
2025
Number of billionaires
6
2025
4
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
24.4%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
46.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
3.7%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
6.5%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
4.47%
2024
Population
19977856
9475525

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Hungary
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Hungary
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 46.9% 73.5%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 49.2% 73%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 48.7% 73.9%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 48.1% 76.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 51% 78.7%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 45.8% 65%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 45.9% 68.8%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 46.6% 72%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 46.7% 74.6%
2015 25% 17.4% 50.4% 75.7%
2014 23.9% 15% 50% 76.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 50.1% 77.2%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 49.2% 78.4%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 49.1% 80.5%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 48.9% 80.2%
2009 25% 5.84% 50.7% 78.2%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 48.8% 71.8%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 49.9% 65.6%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 51.4% 64.5%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 49.4% 60.6%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 48.8% 58.9%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 49.2% 58.2%
2002 23.2% 15% 51% 55.6%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 47.2% 52.2%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 47.3% 55.6%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 48.9% 60.3%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 50.7% 60.4%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 49.5% 62.2%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 50.9% 71.2%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 55% 83.9%
1994 20.6% 22.6% - 86.2%
1993 21.1% 28% - 87.2%
1992 20.8% 30.3% - 76.5%
1991 21.2% 37% - 74.2%
1990 20.9% 50.3% - 63.7%
1989 19.8% 51.9% - 70.7%
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1994, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Hungary spent $104B, or 46.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 73.5% in Hungary, ranking 129/185 and 49/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Hungary
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Hungary
2024 -2.82% -4.92%
2023 -2.27% -6.75%
2022 1.36% -6.17%
2021 -7.53% -7.11%
2020 -7.1% -7.49%
2019 -2.73% -2.02%
2018 -1.48% -2.05%
2017 -2.63% -2.45%
2016 -2.66% -1.79%
2015 -2.09% -2%
2014 -1.5% -2.77%
2013 -0.47% -2.6%
2012 0.68% -2.33%
2011 1.43% -5.22%
2010 -0.36% -4.44%
2009 -4.26% -4.76%
2008 3.93% -3.78%
2007 7.95% -5.09%
2006 7.51% -9.27%
2005 4.57% -7.79%
2004 2.05% -6.6%
2003 -0.42% -7.19%
2002 -1.17% -8.79%
2001 -0.49% -4%
2000 -0.69% -3.04%
1999 -2.02% -5.27%
1998 0.39% -7.41%
1997 2.04% -5.54%
1996 2.07% -4.36%
1995 3.09% -8.57%
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -0.17%
1942 1.51% 0.31%
1941 1.9% 0.2%
1940 2.64% -0.07%
1939 1.74% 0.19%
1938 1.25% -0.11%
1937 1.42% -0.01%
1936 2.62% 0.08%
1935 4.23% 0.03%
1934 2.42% 0.04%
1933 1.76% -0.03%
1932 -0.32% -0.22%
1931 -2.73% -0.32%
1930 1.47% -0.26%
1929 1.89% 0.02%
1928 4.11% 0.12%
1927 -0.17% 0.15%
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Hungary's deficit of $10.9B, or 4.92% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Hungary ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.05% of GDP for Hungary.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Hungary
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Hungary
2024 4.3% 3.7%
2023 7.58% 17.1%
2022 11.6% 14.6%
2021 4.52% 5.11%
2020 3.05% 3.33%
2019 2.56% 3.34%
2018 2.43% 2.85%
2017 2.18% 2.35%
2016 3.79% 0.39%
2015 4.35% -0.06%
2014 4.72% -0.23%
2013 1.79% 1.73%
2012 3.01% 5.65%
2011 3.34% 3.93%
2010 1.41% 4.86%
2009 0.35% 4.21%
2008 8.72% 6.04%
2007 4.41% 7.96%
2006 3.39% 3.93%
2005 3.05% 3.56%
2004 1.05% 6.74%
2003 2.81% 4.66%
2002 2.49% 5.27%
2001 3.57% 9.12%
2000 3.84% 9.8%
1999 3.34% 10%
1998 5.11% 14.2%
1997 6.13% 18.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 6.16% in Hungary. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 3.7% in Hungary.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Hungary
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $29.6M
Chemicals & pharma $22.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.78M
Transport & tourism services $4.63M
Wood & paper products $3.8M
IT & IP services $2.88M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.47M
Business & finance services $1.05M
Metals $973K
Raw agricultural goods $929K

Balance of trade

Chile Hungary
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$3.52B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
36/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+1.58%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$130B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$129B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$27.9B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$38.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
71.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
75.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Hungary
Economic freedom 74.3 62.5
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 86/197
Property rights 69.7 67.3
Government integrity 67.8 44
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 61.9
Tax burden 72.5 85.1
Government spending 78.2 30.2
Fiscal health 94.1 32.7
Business freedom 78.5 70.8
Labor freedom 56.8 56.5
Monetary freedom 75.1 72.1
Trade freedom 78 79.4
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Hungary
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Hungary
2026 74.3 62.5
2025 73.2 61.4
2024 71.4 61.2
2023 71.1 64.1
2022 74.4 66.9
2021 75.2 67.2
2020 76.8 66.4
2019 75.4 65
2018 75.2 66.7
2017 76.5 65.8
2016 77.7 66
2015 78.5 66.8
2014 78.7 67
2013 79 67.3
2012 78.3 67.1
2011 77.4 66.6
2010 77.2 66.1
2009 78.3 66.8
2008 78.6 67.6
2007 77.7 64.8
2006 78 65
2005 77.8 63.5
2004 76.9 62.7
2003 76 63
2002 77.8 64.5
2001 75.1 65.6
2000 74.7 64.4
1999 74.1 59.6
1998 74.9 56.9
1997 75.9 55.3
1996 72.6 56.8
1995 71.2 55.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 62.5 for Hungary, ranking 86/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Hungary
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
59.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
23.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
2.71%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$199B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$47,290
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$46.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
42/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$15.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$62.2B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
-$78B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
12.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
23.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/hungary | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1994, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.