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Economy of Chile vs Laos compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $16.5B for Laos, ranking 45/197 and 139/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $16.6B (100.5% of GDP) in Laos.

Chile vs Laos GDP by year

Chile
Laos
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Laos
2024 $330,267,137,372 $16,502,933,121
2023 $335,518,054,098 $15,843,155,731
2022 $301,226,575,540 $15,468,785,204
2021 $315,325,547,162 $18,827,148,531
2020 $254,042,159,309 $18,981,805,250
2019 $278,285,058,719 $18,740,561,513
2018 $295,857,562,992 $18,141,641,090
2017 $276,154,259,981 $17,071,155,481
2016 $249,344,863,928 $15,912,501,723
2015 $242,450,355,831 $14,426,380,126
2014 $259,560,978,224 $13,279,245,886
2013 $277,395,018,842 $11,983,252,627
2012 $267,024,782,487 $10,192,846,339
2011 $251,382,573,894 $8,750,104,617
2010 $217,051,209,239 $7,131,771,015
2009 $171,777,900,624 $5,836,137,330
2008 $179,894,594,475 $5,446,433,157
2007 $172,491,076,034 $4,223,152,739
2006 $153,843,518,171 $3,455,030,061
2005 $122,294,145,163 $2,735,558,735
2004 $99,075,985,774 $2,366,398,120
2003 $76,492,579,644 $2,023,324,407
2002 $70,264,045,939 $1,758,176,653
2001 $71,574,739,561 $1,768,619,058
2000 $78,339,750,721 $1,731,198,022
1999 $75,578,685,736 $1,454,430,642
1998 $81,990,010,704 $1,280,177,839
1997 $85,741,415,285 $1,747,011,857
1996 $78,584,098,984 $1,873,671,550
1995 $73,820,425,702 $1,763,536,305
1994 $57,438,273,591 $1,543,606,345
1993 $49,934,943,321 $1,327,748,690
1992 $46,538,895,686 $1,127,806,945
1991 $38,232,330,917 $1,028,087,972
1990 $33,428,580,448 $865,559,879
1989 $30,101,767,991 $714,046,821
1988 $26,174,858,614 $598,961,269
1987 $22,605,488,851 $1,087,273,104
1986 $19,197,818,085 $1,776,842,097
1985 $17,933,557,360 $2,366,666,616
1984 $19,974,595,028 $1,757,142,856
1983 $20,629,678,694 -
1982 $19,710,229,067 -
1981 $35,180,322,211 -
1980 $29,586,676,576 -
1979 $22,249,574,628 -
1978 $16,373,093,554 -
1977 $14,272,711,437 -
1976 $10,523,479,089 -
1975 $7,812,161,793 -
1974 $16,584,311,220 -
1973 $17,237,336,173 -
1972 $12,057,501,635 -
1971 $10,999,807,567 -
1970 $9,261,006,540 -
1969 $8,456,519,044 -
1968 $7,286,820,526 -
1967 $7,145,068,068 -
1966 $7,256,882,086 -
1965 $6,183,988,944 -
1964 $6,065,708,668 -
1963 $5,702,520,146 -
1962 $5,765,971,144 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 -
1960 $4,211,103,677 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Laos by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Laos
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Laos
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $2,124 $9,776
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $2,067 $9,292
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $2,046 $8,766
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $2,526 $8,080
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $2,584 $7,913
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $2,589 $7,743
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $2,545 $7,487
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $2,432 $7,142
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $2,303 $6,743
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $2,121 $6,086
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $1,981 $5,799
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $1,813 $5,222
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $1,564 $4,781
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $1,362 $4,100
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $1,126 $3,772
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $935 $3,485
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $886 $3,271
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $697 $3,021
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $579 $2,777
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $466 $2,519
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $409 $2,315
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $355 $2,151
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $313 $2,020
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $320 $1,908
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $319 $1,794
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $272.3 $1,686
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $243.9 $1,577
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $339 $1,528
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $371 $1,435
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $358 $1,349
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $321 $1,265
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $283.4 $1,176
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $247.3 $1,114
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $231.8 $1,061
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $200.7 $1,012
1989 $2,278 - $170.4 -
1988 $2,014 - $147.1 -
1987 $1,767 - $274.7 -
1986 $1,525 - $462 -
1985 $1,447 - $633 -
1984 $1,636 - $483 -
1983 $1,715 - - -
1982 $1,663 - - -
1981 $3,012 - - -
1980 $2,571 - - -
1979 $1,962 - - -
1978 $1,465 - - -
1977 $1,297 - - -
1976 $971 - - -
1975 $732 - - -
1974 $1,579 - - -
1973 $1,667 - - -
1972 $1,185 - - -
1971 $1,099 - - -
1970 $941 - - -
1969 $874 - - -
1968 $766 - - -
1967 $764 - - -
1966 $790 - - -
1965 $686 - - -
1964 $686 - - -
1963 $658 - - -
1962 $679 - - -
1961 $594 - - -
1960 $516 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $2,124 in Laos, ranking 155/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Laos ranks 134th at $9,776.

Economic indicators

Chile Laos
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$16.5B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
139/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
4.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$2,124
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
155/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$9,776
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
134/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$16.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
100.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$2,134
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
119/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$2,096
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
31.2%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
3%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
15.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
23.1%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
1.21%
2022
Population
19977856
8004838

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Laos
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Laos
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 15.7% 100.5%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 16.4% 116.5%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 14.7% 130.7%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 15.7% 92.9%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 18.4% 76%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 18.6% 69.1%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 20.7% 60.6%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 21.8% 57.2%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 21.1% 54.5%
2015 25% 17.4% 25.8% 53.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 25% 53.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 24.2% 49.5%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 24.7% 46.1%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 20.2% 43%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 22.4% 49.3%
2009 25% 5.84% 20.1% 51.8%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 16.1% 51.7%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 15.1% 55.9%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 14.7% 60%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 15.3% 73.2%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 13.6% 80.7%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 16% 90.1%
2002 23.2% 15% 16.6% 95.3%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 18.8% 94.7%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 19.9% -
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.4% 17.2% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.1% 28% - -
1992 20.8% 30.3% - -
1991 21.2% 37% - -
1990 20.9% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Laos spent $2.58B, or 15.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 100.5% in Laos, ranking 129/185 and 24/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Laos
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Laos
2024 -2.82% 2.34%
2023 -2.27% -0.01%
2022 1.36% 0.06%
2021 -7.53% -0.67%
2020 -7.1% -5.37%
2019 -2.73% -3.2%
2018 -1.48% -4.46%
2017 -2.63% -5.51%
2016 -2.66% -5.06%
2015 -2.09% -5.57%
2014 -1.5% -3.13%
2013 -0.47% -4.03%
2012 0.68% -2.34%
2011 1.43% -1.43%
2010 -0.36% -1.47%
2009 -4.26% -3.1%
2008 3.93% -1.86%
2007 7.95% -1.12%
2006 7.51% -1.48%
2005 4.57% -2.54%
2004 2.05% -1.81%
2003 -0.42% -3.89%
2002 -1.17% -2.85%
2001 -0.49% -3.68%
2000 -0.69% -3.58%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.09% -
1994 1.43% -
1993 1.41% -
1992 2.09% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.24% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Laos' surplus of $386M, or 2.34% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Laos ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.45% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.63% of GDP for Laos.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Laos
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Laos
2024 4.3% 23.1%
2023 7.58% 31.2%
2022 11.6% 23%
2021 4.52% 3.8%
2020 3.05% 5.1%
2019 2.56% 3.3%
2018 2.43% 2%
2017 2.18% 0.8%
2016 3.79% 1.6%
2015 4.35% 1.3%
2014 4.72% 4.1%
2013 1.79% 6.4%
2012 3.01% 4.3%
2011 3.34% 7.6%
2010 1.41% 6%
2009 0.35% 0.1%
2008 8.72% 7.6%
2007 4.41% 4.7%
2006 3.39% 6.5%
2005 3.05% 7.2%
2004 1.05% 10.5%
2003 2.81% 15.5%
2002 2.49% 10.6%
2001 3.57% 7.8%
2000 3.84% 8.4%
1999 3.34% 128.4%
1998 5.11% 90.1%
1997 6.13% 19.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 15.7% in Laos. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 23.1% in Laos.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $234K
Chemicals & pharma $42K
Machinery & equipment $8K
Wood & paper products $1K
Laos
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $115K
Machinery & equipment $26K

Balance of trade

Chile Laos
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
$531M
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
61/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
+3.22%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$8.66B
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$9.39B
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$1.27B
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$1.73B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
41.9%
2016
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
33.2%
2016

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Laos
Economic freedom 74.3 50.9
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 157/197
Property rights 69.7 41.1
Government integrity 67.8 25.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 10.2
Tax burden 72.5 88.5
Government spending 78.2 92.7
Fiscal health 94.1 80
Business freedom 78.5 54.2
Labor freedom 56.8 40.7
Monetary freedom 75.1 53.3
Trade freedom 78 69
Investment freedom 60 35
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Laos
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Laos
2026 74.3 50.9
2025 73.2 51.1
2024 71.4 50.6
2023 71.1 50.3
2022 74.4 49.2
2021 75.2 53.9
2020 76.8 55.5
2019 75.4 57.4
2018 75.2 53.6
2017 76.5 54
2016 77.7 49.8
2015 78.5 51.4
2014 78.7 51.2
2013 79 50.1
2012 78.3 50
2011 77.4 51.3
2010 77.2 51.1
2009 78.3 50.4
2008 78.6 50.3
2007 77.7 50.3
2006 78 47.5
2005 77.8 44.4
2004 76.9 42
2003 76 41
2002 77.8 36.8
2001 75.1 33.5
2000 74.7 36.8
1999 74.1 35.2
1998 74.9 35.2
1997 75.9 35.1
1996 72.6 38.5
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/laos | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 50.9 for Laos, ranking 157/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Laos
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
43.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
29%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
16.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$15.5B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$9,160
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$1.77B
2023
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
129/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$988M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$988M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
13.8%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
29%
2016

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.