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Economy of Chile vs Saint Vincent compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile has a GDP of $330B compared to $1.16B for Saint Vincent, ranking 45/197 and 186/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $138B in government debt (41.7% of GDP), compared to $1.07B (92.7% of GDP) in Saint Vincent.

Chile vs Saint Vincent GDP by year

Chile
Saint Vincent
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Saint Vincent
2024 $330,267,137,372 $1,157,207,407
2023 $335,518,054,098 $1,072,237,037
2022 $301,226,575,540 $989,188,889
2021 $315,325,547,162 $888,677,778
2020 $254,042,159,309 $864,566,667
2019 $278,285,058,719 $910,481,481
2018 $295,857,562,992 $884,329,630
2017 $276,154,259,981 $844,040,741
2016 $249,344,863,928 $814,303,704
2015 $242,450,355,831 $786,555,556
2014 $259,560,978,224 $770,900,000
2013 $277,395,018,842 $764,781,259
2012 $267,024,782,487 $730,032,593
2011 $251,382,573,894 $713,796,370
2010 $217,051,209,239 $720,447,889
2009 $171,777,900,624 $714,300,259
2008 $179,894,594,475 $732,663,259
2007 $172,491,076,034 $713,596,667
2006 $153,843,518,171 $643,501,148
2005 $122,294,145,163 $579,948,926
2004 $99,075,985,774 $549,900,185
2003 $76,492,579,644 $509,090,889
2002 $70,264,045,939 $487,763,852
2001 $71,574,739,561 $462,072,333
2000 $78,339,750,721 $427,946,037
1999 $75,578,685,736 $390,718,519
1998 $81,990,010,704 $373,618,519
1997 $85,741,415,285 $347,770,370
1996 $78,584,098,984 $331,488,889
1995 $73,820,425,702 $316,007,407
1994 $57,438,273,591 $289,437,037
1993 $49,934,943,321 $286,307,407
1992 $46,538,895,686 $277,955,556
1991 $38,232,330,917 $254,829,630
1990 $33,428,580,448 $240,366,667
1989 $30,101,767,991 $214,745,002
1988 $26,174,858,614 $200,726,713
1987 $22,605,488,851 $175,580,647
1986 $19,197,818,085 $160,846,657
1985 $17,933,557,360 $145,641,705
1984 $19,974,595,028 $135,024,988
1983 $20,629,678,694 $122,255,350
1982 $19,710,229,067 $113,759,203
1981 $35,180,322,211 $102,086,539
1980 $29,586,676,576 $82,340,340
1979 $22,249,574,628 $71,096,360
1978 $16,373,093,554 $60,844,771
1977 $14,272,711,437 $49,353,162
1976 $10,523,479,089 $32,792,845
1975 $7,812,161,793 $33,237,226
1974 $16,584,311,220 $32,923,703
1973 $17,237,336,173 $30,165,081
1972 $12,057,501,635 $27,585,805
1971 $10,999,807,567 $20,051,922
1970 $9,261,006,540 $18,450,000
1969 $8,456,519,044 $16,650,000
1968 $7,286,820,526 $15,350,000
1967 $7,145,068,068 $15,835,106
1966 $7,256,882,086 $16,099,960
1965 $6,183,988,944 $15,108,296
1964 $6,065,708,668 $14,758,296
1963 $5,702,520,146 $13,708,299
1962 $5,765,971,144 $14,524,964
1961 $4,948,564,551 $13,999,965
1960 $4,211,103,677 $13,066,634

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Saint Vincent by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Saint Vincent
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Saint Vincent
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $16,710 $36,181 $11,501 $21,272
2023 $17,067 $33,145 $10,582 $19,820
2022 $15,406 $30,932 $9,694 $18,035
2021 $16,207 $29,090 $8,641 $16,201
2020 $13,115 $25,351 $8,351 $15,337
2019 $14,496 $25,612 $8,741 $15,340
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $8,428 $14,690
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $7,988 $13,575
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $7,657 $13,493
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $7,354 $12,379
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $7,169 $12,136
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $7,072 $11,625
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $6,714 $10,989
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $6,528 $10,774
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $6,552 $10,561
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $6,464 $10,869
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $6,599 $10,902
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $6,398 $10,604
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $5,745 $9,949
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $5,157 $8,986
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $4,873 $8,472
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $4,500 $7,903
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $4,303 $7,250
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $4,071 $6,768
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $3,769 $6,503
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $3,447 $6,266
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $3,301 $6,026
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $3,074 $5,726
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $2,930 $5,440
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $2,795 $5,277
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $2,563 $4,802
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $2,540 $4,769
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $2,471 $4,477
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $2,271 $4,126
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $2,150 $3,960
1989 $2,278 - $1,930 -
1988 $2,014 - $1,814 -
1987 $1,767 - $1,596 -
1986 $1,525 - $1,472 -
1985 $1,447 - $1,342 -
1984 $1,636 - $1,254 -
1983 $1,715 - $1,144 -
1982 $1,663 - $1,074 -
1981 $3,012 - $972 -
1980 $2,571 - $790 -
1979 $1,962 - $687 -
1978 $1,465 - $592 -
1977 $1,297 - $484 -
1976 $971 - $324 -
1975 $732 - $331 -
1974 $1,579 - $331 -
1973 $1,667 - $306 -
1972 $1,185 - $282.1 -
1971 $1,099 - $207 -
1970 $941 - $192.3 -
1969 $874 - $175.2 -
1968 $766 - $163.1 -
1967 $764 - $170 -
1966 $790 - $174.9 -
1965 $686 - $166.2 -
1964 $686 - $164.4 -
1963 $658 - $154.9 -
1962 $679 - $166.5 -
1961 $594 - $163 -
1960 $516 - $154.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $16,710, ranking 65/197, compared to $11,501 in Saint Vincent, ranking 81/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272.

Economic indicators

Chile Saint Vincent
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
$1.16B
2024
GDP rank
45/197
2024
186/197
2024
GDP growth
2.64%
2023-2024
4.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
$11,501
2024
GDP per capita rank
65/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$21,272
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
92/197
2024
Government debt
$138B
2024
$1.07B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.7%
2024
92.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$6,960
2024
$10,659
2024
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2024
56/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,247
2026
$12,573
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.7%
2024
39.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
3.63%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
18.8%
2008
Population
19977856
99237

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Saint Vincent
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Saint Vincent
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 26.7% 41.7% 39.1% 92.7%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 38.9% 89.4%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 36.6% 86.3%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 37.2% 88.4%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 32.9% 80.2%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 29.2% 68.2%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 26.3% 69.4%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 26.6% 69%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 27.1% 79.4%
2015 25% 17.4% 27.6% 75.1%
2014 23.9% 15% 30.4% 75%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 29.4% 69.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 26.5% 68.1%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 29.4% 64%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 31.1% 61.1%
2009 25% 5.84% 31% 57.2%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 28.4% 50.3%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 27.1% 48.5%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 26.1% 44.7%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 26.7% 50.5%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 24.9% 58.6%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 26% 55.3%
2002 23.2% 15% 25.7% 53.2%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 24.4% 52%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 23.8% 54.3%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 25.2% 52.9%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 25.2% 39.5%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 26% 38.8%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 20.9% 40.7%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 19.9% 46.8%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 22.4% 52.8%
1993 21.1% 28% 22.3% 48.1%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 25.4% 49.6%
1991 21.2% 37% 25.5% 52.1%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 23.1% 53.9%
1989 19.8% 51.9% 27.6% -
1988 21.3% 71.2% 24.8% -
1987 22.9% 81.6% 23.7% -
1986 26.6% 88.4% 22.3% -
1985 28.5% 79.8% 21.4% -
1984 30% 56.6% 23.1% -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government spending was $88.3B, accounting for 26.7% of its GDP, while Saint Vincent spent $453M, or 39.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.7% in Chile and 92.7% in Saint Vincent, ranking 129/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Saint Vincent
2024 -2.82% -12.9%
2023 -2.27% -12%
2022 1.36% -9.35%
2021 -7.53% -7.19%
2020 -7.1% -5.92%
2019 -2.73% -3.45%
2018 -1.48% -1.65%
2017 -2.63% -1.56%
2016 -2.66% 0.04%
2015 -2.09% -2.01%
2014 -1.5% -2.82%
2013 -0.47% -5.81%
2012 0.68% -1.81%
2011 1.43% -3.5%
2010 -0.36% -3.7%
2009 -4.26% -2.85%
2008 3.93% -1.3%
2007 7.95% -3.07%
2006 7.51% -3.13%
2005 4.57% -4.3%
2004 2.05% -2.71%
2003 -0.42% -2.51%
2002 -1.17% -2%
2001 -0.49% -1.6%
2000 -0.69% -0.82%
1999 -2.02% -1.93%
1998 0.39% -1.81%
1997 2.04% -2.77%
1996 2.07% 1.57%
1995 3.09% 1.08%
1994 1.43% 0.12%
1993 1.41% -1.46%
1992 2.09% -3.25%
1991 1.54% -0.47%
1990 2.24% 1.69%
1989 5.31% -1.92%
1988 4.07% 0.59%
1987 2.36% 1.1%
1986 -0.92% 2.32%
1985 -2.22% 4.23%
1984 -2.95% 2.5%
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2024, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.3B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to Saint Vincent's deficit of $149M, or 12.9% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Saint Vincent ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Chile posted an annual surplus equal to 0.21% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.35% of GDP for Saint Vincent.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Saint Vincent
2024 4.3% 3.63%
2023 7.58% 4.56%
2022 11.6% 5.66%
2021 4.52% 1.57%
2020 3.05% -0.63%
2019 2.56% 0.91%
2018 2.43% 2.32%
2017 2.18% 2.15%
2016 3.79% -0.15%
2015 4.35% -1.73%
2014 4.72% 0.19%
2013 1.79% 0.81%
2012 3.01% 2.6%
2011 3.34% 3.19%
2010 1.41% 0.75%
2009 0.35% 0.42%
2008 8.72% 10.1%
2007 4.41% 7.24%
2006 3.39% 2.74%
2005 3.05% 3.73%
2004 1.05% 2.96%
2003 2.81% 0.21%
2002 2.49% 1.86%
2001 3.57% 0.9%
2000 3.84% 0.17%
1999 3.34% 1.01%
1998 5.11% 2.14%
1997 6.13% 0.44%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 2.13% in Saint Vincent. In 2024, inflation was 4.3% in Chile and 3.63% in Saint Vincent.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $294K
Wood & paper products $189K
Metals $9K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Saint Vincent
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Chile Saint Vincent
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
-$157M
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2024
93/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
-13.5%
2024
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
$445M
2024
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
$59.2M
2024
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
$196M
2024
Service exports
$12B
2024
$366M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
15.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Saint Vincent
Economic freedom 74.3 60
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 98/197
Property rights 69.7 65.2
Government integrity 67.8 63.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 76.9
Tax burden 72.5 82
Government spending 78.2 56.2
Fiscal health 94.1 2.8
Business freedom 78.5 67.3
Labor freedom 56.8 60.1
Monetary freedom 75.1 77.3
Trade freedom 78 58.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Saint Vincent
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Saint Vincent
2026 74.3 60
2025 73.2 60.1
2024 71.4 59.8
2023 71.1 63.5
2022 74.4 65.7
2021 75.2 66.3
2020 76.8 66.8
2019 75.4 65.8
2018 75.2 67.7
2017 76.5 65.2
2016 77.7 68.8
2015 78.5 68
2014 78.7 67
2013 79 66.7
2012 78.3 66.5
2011 77.4 66.9
2010 77.2 66.9
2009 78.3 64.3
2008 78.6 -
2007 77.7 -
2006 78 -
2005 77.8 -
2004 76.9 -
2003 76 -
2002 77.8 -
2001 75.1 -
2000 74.7 -
1999 74.1 -
1998 74.9 -
1997 75.9 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/saint-vincent | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 60 for Saint Vincent, ranking 98/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Saint Vincent
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
15.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
3.55%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
$1.11B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,320
2024
$21,150
2024
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
$317M
2024
Total reserves ranking
45/177
2024
167/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
-$74M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$139M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
-$1.92M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.84%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.