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Economy of Chile vs Rwanda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $16.4B for Rwanda, ranking 45/197 and 142/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $10.6B (64.6% of GDP) in Rwanda.

Chile vs Rwanda GDP by year

Chile
Rwanda
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Rwanda
2025 $357,371,159,575 $16,372,132,990
2024 $329,260,633,699 $15,111,064,182
2023 $335,802,745,366 $14,806,501,437
2022 $301,099,244,104 $13,747,404,814
2021 $315,507,493,783 $11,252,894,910
2020 $254,103,710,483 $10,487,146,253
2019 $278,308,438,545 $10,519,272,170
2018 $295,857,562,992 $9,650,161,136
2017 $276,154,259,981 $9,164,345,443
2016 $249,344,863,928 $8,596,812,241
2015 $242,450,355,831 $8,447,064,079
2014 $259,560,978,224 $8,129,984,484
2013 $277,395,018,842 $7,714,276,920
2012 $267,024,782,487 $7,556,673,276
2011 $251,382,573,894 $6,802,676,034
2010 $217,051,209,239 $6,052,276,078
2009 $171,777,900,624 $5,603,399,015
2008 $179,894,594,475 $5,120,655,375
2007 $172,491,076,034 $4,017,977,507
2006 $153,843,518,171 $3,274,207,945
2005 $122,294,145,163 $2,933,819,766
2004 $99,075,985,774 $2,376,496,067
2003 $76,492,579,644 $2,138,237,279
2002 $70,264,045,939 $1,966,003,468
2001 $71,574,739,561 $1,966,600,715
2000 $78,339,750,721 $2,068,836,754
1999 $75,578,685,736 $2,157,108,263
1998 $81,990,010,704 $1,989,343,546
1997 $85,741,415,285 $1,851,558,197
1996 $78,584,098,984 $1,382,334,879
1995 $73,820,425,702 $1,293,535,193
1994 $57,438,273,591 $753,636,370
1993 $49,934,943,321 $1,971,525,712
1992 $46,538,895,686 $2,029,026,962
1991 $38,232,330,917 $1,911,600,237
1990 $33,428,580,448 $2,550,185,679
1989 $30,101,767,991 $2,405,022,593
1988 $26,174,858,614 $2,395,492,687
1987 $22,605,488,851 $2,157,432,668
1986 $19,197,818,085 $1,944,710,684
1985 $17,933,557,360 $1,715,626,331
1984 $19,974,595,028 $1,587,413,084
1983 $20,629,678,694 $1,479,687,587
1982 $19,710,229,067 $1,407,243,139
1981 $35,180,322,211 $1,407,062,527
1980 $29,586,676,576 $1,254,765,642
1979 $22,249,574,628 $1,109,346,131
1978 $16,373,093,554 $905,709,076
1977 $14,272,711,437 $746,650,613
1976 $10,523,479,089 $637,753,853
1975 $7,812,161,793 $571,863,500
1974 $16,584,311,220 $308,458,423
1973 $17,237,336,173 $290,746,157
1972 $12,057,501,635 $246,457,838
1971 $10,999,807,567 $222,952,504
1970 $9,261,006,540 $219,900,006
1969 $8,456,519,044 $188,700,037
1968 $7,286,820,526 $172,200,018
1967 $7,145,068,068 $159,560,018
1966 $7,256,882,086 $124,525,703
1965 $6,183,988,944 $148,799,980
1964 $6,065,708,668 $129,999,994
1963 $5,702,520,146 $128,000,000
1962 $5,765,971,144 $125,000,008
1961 $4,948,564,551 $122,000,016
1960 $4,211,103,677 $119,000,024

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Rwanda by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Rwanda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Rwanda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $1,124 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $1,060 $3,711
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $1,061 $3,399
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $1,007 $3,099
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $843 $2,733
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $803 $2,285
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $823 $2,336
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $773 $2,125
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $751 $1,968
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $721 $1,866
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $726 $1,781
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $715 $1,678
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $695 $1,512
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $698 $1,455
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $643 $1,413
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $587 $1,314
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $557 $1,241
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $522 $1,191
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $421 $1,079
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $352 $1,002
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $324 $914
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $269.5 $832
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $249 $775
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $234 $760
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $237.3 $670
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $251.9 $609
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $264.7 $554
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $246.2 $528
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $238.7 $500
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $206 $499
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $228 $514
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $111 $311
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $247 $521
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $264.1 $575
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $254 $542
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $346 $549
1989 $2,278 - $335 -
1988 $2,014 - $344 -
1987 $1,767 - $320 -
1986 $1,525 - $297.7 -
1985 $1,447 - $271.6 -
1984 $1,636 - $259.9 -
1983 $1,715 - $250.6 -
1982 $1,663 - $246.4 -
1981 $3,012 - $254.6 -
1980 $2,571 - $234.4 -
1979 $1,962 - $213.8 -
1978 $1,465 - $179.9 -
1977 $1,297 - $152.7 -
1976 $971 - $134.4 -
1975 $732 - $124.1 -
1974 $1,579 - $68.9 -
1973 $1,667 - $66.9 -
1972 $1,185 - $58.4 -
1971 $1,099 - $54.4 -
1970 $941 - $55.2 -
1969 $874 - $48.9 -
1968 $766 - $46 -
1967 $764 - $44 -
1966 $790 - $35.4 -
1965 $686 - $43.5 -
1964 $686 - $39 -
1963 $658 - $39.3 -
1962 $679 - $39.2 -
1961 $594 - $39.3 -
1960 $516 - $39.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $1,124 in Rwanda, ranking 178/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Rwanda ranks 168th at $3,711.

Economic indicators

Chile Rwanda
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$16.4B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
142/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
9.38%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$1,124
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
178/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$3,711
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
168/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$10.6B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
64.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$726
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
155/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$1,614
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
$3.2B
2025
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
33.4%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.1%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
24.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
5.91%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
6.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
5.36%
2025
Population
19992079
15062056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Rwanda
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Rwanda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 24.1% 64.6%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 27.1% 63.4%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 26.2% 61.4%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 28.7% 59%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 31% 66.2%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 32.5% 66.7%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 27.7% 52.8%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 26.3% 49.2%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 25.3% 46.1%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 25.4% 41.5%
2015 25% 17.4% 26.9% 33.5%
2014 23.9% 15% 27.8% 29.5%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 26.5% 27%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 24.9% 19.3%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 25% 18.9%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 24.1% 19%
2009 25% 5.84% 22.6% 18.7%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 22.7% 18.5%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 22.7% 22.4%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 20.9% 22.8%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 20.2% 59.8%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 18.1% 82.1%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 18.8% 80.7%
2002 23.2% 15% 20.7% 93.4%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 19.3% 85.2%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 18.5% 87.2%
1999 23.7% 13.3% 22.7% 79.5%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 16.6% 71.1%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 17.2% 73.3%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 19.8% 84.6%
1995 19.5% 17.3% 18.3% 102.2%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 13.5% -
1993 21.2% 28.1% 20.6% -
1992 20.9% 30.5% 21.8% -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Rwanda spent $3.95B, or 24.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 64.6% in Rwanda, ranking 126/185 and 68/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Rwanda
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Rwanda
2025 -2.78% -4.49%
2024 -2.82% -6.19%
2023 -2.27% -4.88%
2022 1.36% -5.56%
2021 -7.53% -6.89%
2020 -7.1% -9.26%
2019 -2.73% -5%
2018 -1.48% -2.57%
2017 -2.63% -2.54%
2016 -2.66% -2.3%
2015 -2.09% -2.71%
2014 -1.5% -3.97%
2013 -0.47% -1.29%
2012 0.68% -2.41%
2011 1.43% -0.87%
2010 -0.36% -0.65%
2009 -4.26% 0.26%
2008 3.93% 0.84%
2007 7.95% -1.58%
2006 7.51% -0.03%
2005 4.57% 1.14%
2004 2.05% 2.31%
2003 -0.42% -1.25%
2002 -1.17% -2.06%
2001 -0.49% -1.83%
2000 -0.69% -0.22%
1999 -2.02% -4.48%
1998 0.39% -2.63%
1997 2.04% -2.25%
1996 2.07% -5.08%
1995 3.1% -2.07%
1994 1.44% -9.68%
1993 1.42% -6.7%
1992 2.11% -7.31%
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Rwanda's deficit of $736M, or 4.49% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Rwanda ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.06% of GDP for Rwanda.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Rwanda
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Rwanda
2025 4.21% 5.91%
2024 4.3% 1.77%
2023 7.58% 19.8%
2022 11.6% 17.7%
2021 4.52% -0.39%
2020 3.05% 9.85%
2019 2.56% 3.35%
2018 2.43% -0.31%
2017 2.18% 8.28%
2016 3.79% 7.17%
2015 4.35% 2.53%
2014 4.72% 2.35%
2013 1.79% 5.92%
2012 3.01% 10.3%
2011 3.34% 3.08%
2010 1.41% -0.25%
2009 0.35% 12.9%
2008 8.72% 15.4%
2007 4.41% 9.08%
2006 3.39% 8.88%
2005 3.05% 9.01%
2004 1.05% 12.3%
2003 2.81% 7.45%
2002 2.49% 1.99%
2001 3.57% 3.34%
2000 3.84% 3.9%
1999 3.34% -2.41%
1998 5.11% 6.21%
1997 6.13% 12%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 6.8% in Rwanda. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 5.91% in Rwanda.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $53K
Raw agricultural goods $8K
Machinery & equipment $1K
Rwanda
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $304K

Balance of trade

Chile Rwanda
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
-$1.81B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
136/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
-12%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$5.55B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$3.2B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$991M
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$1.08B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
35.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
21.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Rwanda
Economic freedom 74.3 56.5
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 121/197
Property rights 69.7 60.3
Government integrity 67.8 53.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 27.5
Tax burden 72.5 80.6
Government spending 78.2 75.7
Fiscal health 94.1 37.5
Business freedom 78.5 60.1
Labor freedom 56.8 49.1
Monetary freedom 75.1 72.3
Trade freedom 78 61.8
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Rwanda
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Rwanda
2026 74.3 56.5
2025 73.2 54.8
2024 71.4 51.6
2023 71.1 52.2
2022 74.4 57.1
2021 75.2 68.3
2020 76.8 70.9
2019 75.4 71.1
2018 75.2 69.1
2017 76.5 67.6
2016 77.7 63.1
2015 78.5 64.8
2014 78.7 64.7
2013 79 64.1
2012 78.3 64.9
2011 77.4 62.7
2010 77.2 59.1
2009 78.3 54.2
2008 78.6 54.2
2007 77.7 52.4
2006 78 52.8
2005 77.8 51.7
2004 76.9 53.3
2003 76 47.8
2002 77.8 50.4
2001 75.1 45.4
2000 74.7 42.3
1999 74.1 39.8
1998 74.9 39.1
1997 75.9 38.3
1996 72.6 -
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 56.5 for Rwanda, ranking 121/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Rwanda
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
52.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
22%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
20.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$16.7B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$4,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$1.96B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
128/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$560M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$573M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$13.2M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.91%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
27.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
34.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

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Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/rwanda | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.