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Economy of Chile vs Nepal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Chile has a GDP of $357B compared to $45.5B for Nepal, ranking 45/197 and 102/197 by economy size, respectively.

Chile has $149B in government debt (41.8% of GDP), compared to $21.9B (48.1% of GDP) in Nepal.

Chile vs Nepal GDP by year

Chile
Nepal
1x
Year GDP, current $
Chile Nepal
2025 $357,371,159,575 $45,489,810,283
2024 $329,260,633,699 $43,298,911,700
2023 $335,802,745,366 $41,049,329,851
2022 $301,099,244,104 $41,182,939,520
2021 $315,507,493,783 $36,924,841,394
2020 $254,103,710,483 $33,433,659,301
2019 $278,308,438,545 $34,186,180,699
2018 $295,857,562,992 $33,111,525,237
2017 $276,154,259,981 $28,971,588,940
2016 $249,344,863,928 $24,524,109,484
2015 $242,450,355,831 $24,360,801,287
2014 $259,560,978,224 $22,731,612,922
2013 $277,395,018,842 $22,162,204,925
2012 $267,024,782,487 $21,703,100,877
2011 $251,382,573,894 $21,573,872,421
2010 $217,051,209,239 $16,002,656,434
2009 $171,777,900,624 $12,854,985,464
2008 $179,894,594,475 $12,545,438,605
2007 $172,491,076,034 $10,325,618,017
2006 $153,843,518,171 $9,043,715,356
2005 $122,294,145,163 $8,130,258,378
2004 $99,075,985,774 $7,273,938,315
2003 $76,492,579,644 $6,330,473,097
2002 $70,264,045,939 $6,050,875,807
2001 $71,574,739,561 $6,007,055,042
2000 $78,339,750,721 $5,494,252,208
1999 $75,578,685,736 $5,033,642,384
1998 $81,990,010,704 $4,856,255,044
1997 $85,741,415,285 $4,918,691,917
1996 $78,584,098,984 $4,521,580,381
1995 $73,820,425,702 $4,401,104,418
1994 $57,438,273,591 $4,066,775,510
1993 $49,934,943,321 $3,660,041,667
1992 $46,538,895,686 $3,401,211,581
1991 $38,232,330,917 $3,921,476,085
1990 $33,428,580,448 $3,627,560,239
1989 $30,101,767,991 $3,525,225,787
1988 $26,174,858,614 $3,487,009,748
1987 $22,605,488,851 $2,957,255,380
1986 $19,197,818,085 $2,850,782,044
1985 $17,933,557,360 $2,619,913,956
1984 $19,974,595,028 $2,581,207,388
1983 $20,629,678,694 $2,447,174,803
1982 $19,710,229,067 $2,395,423,742
1981 $35,180,322,211 $2,275,583,317
1980 $29,586,676,576 $1,945,916,583
1979 $22,249,574,628 $1,851,250,008
1978 $16,373,093,554 $1,604,162,497
1977 $14,272,711,437 $1,382,400,000
1976 $10,523,479,089 $1,452,788,985
1975 $7,812,161,793 $1,575,789,254
1974 $16,584,311,220 $1,217,953,547
1973 $17,237,336,173 $972,101,725
1972 $12,057,501,635 $1,024,098,400
1971 $10,999,807,567 $882,765,472
1970 $9,261,006,540 $865,975,309
1969 $8,456,519,044 $788,641,965
1968 $7,286,820,526 $772,231,387
1967 $7,145,068,068 $841,974,025
1966 $7,256,882,086 $906,811,944
1965 $6,183,988,944 $735,267,082
1964 $6,065,708,668 $496,098,775
1963 $5,702,520,146 $496,947,904
1962 $5,765,971,144 $574,091,101
1961 $4,948,564,551 $531,959,562
1960 $4,211,103,677 $508,334,414

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

GDP per capita in Chile vs Nepal by year

Chile
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Nepal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Chile Nepal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $17,995 - $1,536 -
2024 $16,659 $36,181 $1,460 $5,737
2023 $17,082 $33,145 $1,382 $5,395
2022 $15,399 $30,932 $1,386 $5,103
2021 $16,216 $29,090 $1,253 $4,546
2020 $13,118 $25,351 $1,154 $4,236
2019 $14,497 $25,612 $1,203 $4,261
2018 $15,659 $25,305 $1,179 $3,956
2017 $14,880 $24,295 $1,034 $3,605
2016 $13,650 $23,257 $877 $2,976
2015 $13,434 $22,468 $876 $2,957
2014 $14,530 $22,554 $821 $2,901
2013 $15,684 $22,201 $803 $2,658
2012 $15,242 $21,366 $788 $2,466
2011 $14,487 $20,122 $786 $2,248
2010 $12,633 $17,918 $585 $2,139
2009 $10,099 $15,951 $473 $2,029
2008 $10,683 $16,376 $465 $1,942
2007 $10,346 $16,698 $385 $1,809
2006 $9,319 $15,511 $340 $1,718
2005 $7,480 $12,550 $309 $1,628
2004 $6,121 $11,612 $279.6 $1,542
2003 $4,773 $10,708 $246.4 $1,453
2002 $4,431 $10,133 $238.9 $1,390
2001 $4,564 $9,776 $240.8 $1,388
2000 $5,053 $9,376 $223.8 $1,317
1999 $4,934 $8,839 $208.6 $1,234
1998 $5,420 $8,850 $205.1 $1,187
1997 $5,742 $8,510 $211.8 $1,162
1996 $5,334 $7,895 $198.8 $1,110
1995 $5,081 $7,232 $197.8 $1,058
1994 $4,012 $6,476 $187.3 $1,026
1993 $3,541 $6,061 $172.8 $952
1992 $3,352 $5,563 $165 $920
1991 $2,798 $4,886 $195.7 $889
1990 $2,488 $4,444 $185.8 $830
1989 $2,278 - $185 -
1988 $2,014 - $187.1 -
1987 $1,767 - $162 -
1986 $1,525 - $159.5 -
1985 $1,447 - $149.9 -
1984 $1,636 - $151.1 -
1983 $1,715 - $146.6 -
1982 $1,663 - $147 -
1981 $3,012 - $142.9 -
1980 $2,571 - $125.1 -
1979 $1,962 - $121.9 -
1978 $1,465 - $108.1 -
1977 $1,297 - $95.3 -
1976 $971 - $102.5 -
1975 $732 - $113.6 -
1974 $1,579 - $89.8 -
1973 $1,667 - $73.2 -
1972 $1,185 - $78.8 -
1971 $1,099 - $69.5 -
1970 $941 - $69.6 -
1969 $874 - $64.8 -
1968 $766 - $64.9 -
1967 $764 - $72.3 -
1966 $790 - $79.5 -
1965 $686 - $65.8 -
1964 $686 - $45.3 -
1963 $658 - $46.3 -
1962 $679 - $54.6 -
1961 $594 - $51.6 -
1960 $516 - $50.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

Chile's GDP per capita is $17,995, ranking 67/197, compared to $1,536 in Nepal, ranking 165/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Chile ranks 63rd at $36,181, while Nepal ranks 155th at $5,737.

Economic indicators

Chile Nepal
Gross domestic product
$357B
2025
$45.5B
2025
GDP rank
45/197
2025
102/197
2025
GDP growth
2.46%
2024-2025
4.43%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$17,995
2025
$1,536
2025
GDP per capita rank
67/197
2025
165/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$36,181
2024
$5,737
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
63/197
2024
155/197
2024
Government debt
$149B
2025
$21.9B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.8%
2025
48.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,517
2025
$740
2025
Government debt per person rank
68/185
2025
154/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,041
2026
$1,743
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$487B
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2026
2
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.3%
2024
24.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.4%
2025
21.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.21%
2024-2025
2.65%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.89%
2025
10.7%
2017
Population
19992079
29619950

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Chile
Spending

Debt
Nepal
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Chile Nepal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 26.4% 41.8% 21.8% 48.1%
2024 26.7% 41.7% 21.8% 48.3%
2023 27.4% 39.4% 25.1% 47%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 26.1% 42.7%
2021 33.6% 36.4% 27.2% 43.3%
2020 29.1% 32.4% 28.5% 43.3%
2019 26.5% 28.3% 27.1% 34%
2018 25.6% 25.8% 28% 31.1%
2017 25.5% 23.7% 23.6% 25%
2016 25.4% 21.1% 19% 25%
2015 25% 17.4% 17.7% 25.7%
2014 23.9% 15% 16.6% 27.6%
2013 23.1% 12.8% 15.5% 31.9%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 16.8% 34.5%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 16.3% 32.4%
2010 23.5% 8.61% 16.5% 35.4%
2009 25% 5.84% 17% 39.5%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 13.4% 36.8%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 13.1% 37.9%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 11.2% 42.9%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 12% 45.1%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 11.8% 51.3%
2003 22.2% 12.6% 12% 53%
2002 23.2% 15% 13% 51.8%
2001 23.2% 14.3% 12.9% 50.8%
2000 22.9% 13.1% 11.4% 50.8%
1999 23.7% 13.3% - -
1998 21.9% 12.1% - -
1997 20.6% 12.8% - -
1996 20.6% 14.6% - -
1995 19.5% 17.3% - -
1994 20.6% 22.6% - -
1993 21.2% 28.1% - -
1992 20.9% 30.5% - -
1991 21.2% 37.1% - -
1990 21% 50.3% - -
1989 19.8% 51.9% - -
1988 21.3% 71.2% - -
1987 22.9% 81.6% - -
1986 26.6% 88.4% - -
1985 28.5% 79.8% - -
1984 30% 56.6% - -
1983 29.2% 45.5% - -
1982 30.1% 20.3% - -
1981 26.4% 14% - -
1980 23.8% 17.4% - -
1979 24.8% 23.2% - -
1978 29.4% 26% - -
1977 30% 16.5% - -
1976 30% 19.5% - -
1975 33.6% 28.4% - -
1974 32.3% 18.8% - -
1973 30.8% 11.1% - -
1972 35% 10.1% - -
1971 27.2% 20% - -
1970 21.1% 26.3% - -
1969 18.7% 21.5% - -
1968 19.3% 17.9% - -
1967 19.1% 14.9% - -
1966 20.5% 12.6% - -
1965 20.5% 12.6% - -
1964 17.8% 9.6% - -
1963 18.9% 9.23% - -
1962 21.3% 6.99% - -
1961 19.5% 7.97% - -
1960 19.7% 7.02% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government spending was $94.2B, accounting for 26.4% of its GDP, while Nepal spent $9.93B, or 21.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.8% in Chile and 48.1% in Nepal, ranking 126/185 and 110/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Chile

Nepal
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Chile Nepal
2025 -2.78% -1.86%
2024 -2.82% -2.46%
2023 -2.27% -5.81%
2022 1.36% -3.12%
2021 -7.53% -3.98%
2020 -7.1% -7.47%
2019 -2.73% -4.27%
2018 -1.48% -5.83%
2017 -2.63% -2.69%
2016 -2.66% 1.2%
2015 -2.09% 0.46%
2014 -1.5% 1.36%
2013 -0.47% 1.57%
2012 0.68% -1.18%
2011 1.43% -0.72%
2010 -0.36% -0.67%
2009 -4.26% -2.24%
2008 3.93% -0.29%
2007 7.95% -0.67%
2006 7.51% 0.24%
2005 4.57% 0.24%
2004 2.05% -0.14%
2003 -0.42% -0.34%
2002 -1.17% -2.46%
2001 -0.49% -2.35%
2000 -0.69% -1.48%
1999 -2.02% -
1998 0.39% -
1997 2.04% -
1996 2.07% -
1995 3.1% -
1994 1.44% -
1993 1.42% -
1992 2.11% -
1991 1.54% -
1990 2.25% -
1989 5.31% -
1988 4.07% -
1987 2.36% -
1986 -0.92% -
1985 -2.22% -
1984 -2.95% -
1983 -2.67% -
1982 -1.02% -
1981 2.56% -
1980 5.41% -
1979 4.82% -
1978 -0.11% -
1977 -1.11% -
1976 -0.48% -
1975 -0.41% -
1974 -5.79% -
1973 -7.32% -
1972 -12.7% -
1971 -7.98% -
1970 -1.22% -
1969 0.6% -
1968 -0.79% -
1967 -0.64% -
1966 -1.88% -
1965 -1.64% -
1964 -2.24% -
1963 -3.29% -
1962 -4.31% -
1961 -2.89% -
1960 -3.14% -
1959 1.56% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 -0.71% -
1956 -1.3% -
1955 -2.79% -
1954 -2.84% -
1953 -4.05% -
1952 -1.82% -
1951 -0.71% -
1950 -0.92% -
1949 1.71% -
1948 2.56% -
1947 -0.2% -
1946 0.12% -
1945 0.73% -
1944 0.25% -
1943 0.81% -
1942 1.51% -
1941 1.9% -
1940 2.64% -
1939 1.74% -
1938 1.25% -
1937 1.42% -
1936 2.62% -
1935 4.23% -
1934 2.42% -
1933 1.76% -
1932 -0.32% -
1931 -2.73% -
1930 1.47% -
1929 1.89% -
1928 4.11% -
1927 -0.17% -
1926 -3.23% -
1925 2.44% -
1924 3.68% -
1923 2.87% -
1922 -0.23% -
1921 -0.57% -
1920 -1.8% -
1919 -2.53% -
1918 0.71% -
1917 0.49% -
1916 0.98% -
1915 -2.13% -
1914 -2.67% -
1913 -2.23% -
1912 -3.29% -
1911 -3.32% -
1910 -3.17% -
1909 -2.26% -
1908 -0.84% -
1907 -2.39% -
1906 -2.8% -
1905 -1.31% -
1904 -1.6% -
1903 -1.35% -
1902 -3.65% -
1901 -3.93% -
1900 -1.89% -
1899 -0.78% -
1898 -3.84% -
1897 -1.78% -
1896 -5.36% -
1895 -2.31% -
1894 0.82% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -6.72% -
1890 -3.65% -
1889 -2.71% -
1888 -0.58% -
1887 -4% -
1886 -5.17% -
1885 -2.46% -
1884 -3.23% -
1883 -3.57% -
1882 -2.86% -
1881 -1.83% -
1880 -2% -
1879 -4.34% -
1878 -2.27% -
1877 -3.88% -
1876 -3.17% -
1875 -3.73% -
1874 -4.75% -
1873 -1.94% -
1872 -1.78% -
1871 -2.38% -
1870 -1.83% -
1869 -1.07% -
1868 -2.85% -
1867 -4.31% -
1866 -5.72% -
1865 -1.95% -
1864 -1.07% -
1863 -0.26% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.5% -
1860 -0.07% -
1859 -1.6% -
1858 -1.37% -
1857 -0.3% -
1856 0.11% -
1855 0.1% -
1854 -0.2% -
1853 0.27% -
1852 0.68% -
1851 -0.39% -
1850 0.35% -
1849 0.6% -
1848 -0.25% -
1847 0.04% -
1846 0.36% -
1845 -0.21% -
1844 0.48% -
1843 0.69% -
1842 1.1% -
1841 0.31% -
1840 0.34% -
1839 0.25% -
1838 -0.21% -
1837 -0.05% -
1836 -0.17% -
1835 -0.58% -
1834 -0.39% -
1833 -0.45% -
1832 -0.57% -
1831 -0.77% -
1830 -0.51% -
1829 -0.06% -
1828 -0.3% -
1827 0.07% -
1826 -0.08% -
1825 0.05% -
1824 -0.37% -
1823 0.98% -
1822 1.28% -
1821 -0.19% -
1820 0.64% -
1819 0.16% -
1818 1.52% -
1817 0.94% -
1816 1.21% -
1815 1.53% -
1814 1.91% -
1813 2.34% -
1812 2.79% -
1811 3.24% -
1810 3.64% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

In 2025, Chile's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.94B, equivalent to 2.78% of GDP. This compares to Nepal's deficit of $845M, or 1.86% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Nepal ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Chile posted an annual deficit equal to 0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.73% of GDP for Nepal.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Chile

Nepal
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Chile Nepal
2025 4.21% 2.65%
2024 4.3% 4.69%
2023 7.58% 7.12%
2022 11.6% 7.67%
2021 4.52% 4.13%
2020 3.05% 5.06%
2019 2.56% 5.57%
2018 2.43% 4.41%
2017 2.18% 2.78%
2016 3.79% 8.79%
2015 4.35% 7.87%
2014 4.72% 8.36%
2013 1.79% 9.04%
2012 3.01% 9.46%
2011 3.34% 9.23%
2010 1.41% 9.33%
2009 0.35% 11.1%
2008 8.72% 9.91%
2007 4.41% 2.27%
2006 3.39% 6.92%
2005 3.05% 6.84%
2004 1.05% 2.84%
2003 2.81% 5.71%
2002 2.49% 3.03%
2001 3.57% 2.69%
2000 3.84% 2.48%
1999 3.34% 7.45%
1998 5.11% 11.2%
1997 6.13% 4.01%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Chile has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.9%, compared with 6.3% in Nepal. In 2025, inflation was 4.21% in Chile and 2.65% in Nepal.

Top exports between countries

Chile
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $3.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $159K
Miscellaneous $15K
Nepal
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $93K
Precious metals & jewellery $79K
Metals $7K
Wood & paper products $3K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Raw agricultural goods $1K

Balance of trade

Chile Nepal
Current account balance
-$4.35B
2025
$1.68B
2024
Current account balance ranking
161/190
2025
47/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.22%
2025
+3.88%
2024
Goods imports
$86.5B
2025
$12.1B
2024
Goods exports
$110B
2025
$1.54B
2024
Service imports
$21.9B
2025
$2.27B
2024
Service exports
$13B
2025
$1.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.4%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
8.83%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Chile Nepal
Economic freedom 74.3 52.9
Economic freedom ranking 20/197 144/197
Property rights 69.7 38.8
Government integrity 67.8 38.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.3 42.9
Tax burden 72.5 84.3
Government spending 78.2 82.1
Fiscal health 94.1 71
Business freedom 78.5 60.8
Labor freedom 56.8 48.2
Monetary freedom 75.1 69.4
Trade freedom 78 58.6
Investment freedom 60 10
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Chile
Nepal
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Chile Nepal
2026 74.3 52.9
2025 73.2 52.5
2024 71.4 52.1
2023 71.1 51.4
2022 74.4 49.7
2021 75.2 50.7
2020 76.8 54.2
2019 75.4 53.8
2018 75.2 54.1
2017 76.5 55.1
2016 77.7 50.9
2015 78.5 51.3
2014 78.7 50.1
2013 79 50.4
2012 78.3 50.2
2011 77.4 50.1
2010 77.2 52.7
2009 78.3 53.2
2008 78.6 54.1
2007 77.7 54.4
2006 78 53.7
2005 77.8 51.4
2004 76.9 51.2
2003 76 51.5
2002 77.8 52.3
2001 75.1 51.6
2000 74.7 51.3
1999 74.1 53.1
1998 74.9 53.5
1997 75.9 53.6
1996 72.6 50.3
1995 71.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Chile is 74.3, ranking 20/197, compared to 52.9 for Nepal, ranking 144/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Chile Nepal
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
54.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2025
12.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.45%
2025
21.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$337B
2025
$46.5B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$35,730
2025
$6,250
2025
Total reserves including gold
$49.4B
2025
$21.1B
2025
Total reserves ranking
48/177
2025
65/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.83B
2025
-$56.9M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.1B
2024
$56.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.04B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
20.3%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2025
29.4%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/chile/nepal | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1810–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.