Skip to content

Economy of Angola vs Argentina compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Angola has a GDP of $101B compared to $638B for Argentina, ranking 71/197 and 24/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $60.5B in government debt (59.9% of GDP), compared to $540B (84.7% of GDP) in Argentina.

Angola vs Argentina GDP by year

Angola
Argentina
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Argentina
2024 $100,998,916,781 $638,365,455,340
2023 $107,167,747,140 $649,461,687,959
2022 $131,212,208,930 $633,993,756,301
2021 $79,559,543,805 $486,564,085,480
2020 $58,852,456,454 $385,740,508,437
2019 $80,734,428,593 $447,754,683,615
2018 $89,512,794,227 $524,819,892,360
2017 $84,376,935,689 $643,628,393,281
2016 $59,878,249,719 $557,532,320,663
2015 $102,543,067,841 $594,749,285,413
2014 $153,449,860,496 $526,319,673,732
2013 $148,845,200,697 $552,025,140,252
2012 $143,572,907,528 $545,982,375,701
2011 $125,551,634,704 $530,158,122,010
2010 $95,546,919,755 $423,627,422,092
2009 $81,705,175,408 $332,976,484,578
2008 $98,790,432,989 $361,558,037,110
2007 $73,037,821,927 $287,530,508,431
2006 $58,653,659,980 $232,557,260,817
2005 $41,396,636,383 $198,737,095,012
2004 $26,997,977,897 $164,657,930,453
2003 $20,342,128,112 $127,586,973,492
2002 $17,311,512,432 $97,724,004,252
2001 $8,936,079,118 $268,696,750,000
2000 $9,129,594,970 $284,203,750,000
1999 $6,152,923,310 $283,523,000,000
1998 $6,506,221,616 $298,948,250,000
1997 $7,648,380,196 $292,859,000,000
1996 $7,526,421,519 $272,149,750,000
1995 $5,538,749,260 $258,031,750,000
1994 $4,438,321,017 $257,440,000,000
1993 $5,768,720,422 $236,741,715,015
1992 $8,307,810,974 $228,778,917,308
1991 $10,603,784,541 $189,719,984,268
1990 $11,229,515,599 $141,352,654,305
1989 $10,201,780,977 $76,629,728,760
1988 $8,769,836,769 $126,890,235,049
1987 $8,084,412,414 $108,810,885,301
1986 $7,072,536,109 $105,872,372,614
1985 $7,554,065,410 $88,150,891,728
1984 $6,131,475,065 $116,915,052,107
1983 $5,784,341,596 $103,979,106,778
1982 $5,550,483,036 $84,307,486,837
1981 $5,550,483,036 $78,676,842,367
1980 $5,930,503,401 $76,961,923,741
1979 - $69,252,328,952
1978 - $89,049,453,088
1977 - $56,781,000,101
1976 - $51,169,499,892
1975 - $52,438,647,922
1974 - $72,436,777,342
1973 - $52,544,000,117
1972 - $34,733,000,536
1971 - $33,293,199,095
1970 - $31,584,210,366
1969 - $31,256,284,544
1968 - $26,436,857,247
1967 - $24,256,667,553
1966 - $28,630,474,728
1965 - $28,344,705,967
1964 - $25,605,249,382
1963 - $18,272,123,664
1962 - $18,337,691,145
1961 - $20,132,220,375
1960 - $15,865,474,315

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Argentina by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Argentina
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,666 $10,119 $13,970 $30,431
2023 $2,916 $9,754 $14,262 $30,221
2022 $3,682 $9,588 $13,962 $29,809
2021 $2,304 $8,862 $10,738 $26,300
2020 $1,759 $7,827 $8,536 $22,393
2019 $2,494 $8,573 $9,956 $23,517
2018 $2,860 $8,278 $11,753 $24,410
2017 $2,791 $8,007 $14,533 $23,385
2016 $2,052 $7,767 $12,700 $20,106
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $13,680 $19,899
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $12,233 $19,487
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $12,964 $19,929
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $12,950 $19,430
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $12,704 $19,105
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $10,260 $17,848
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $8,150 $16,182
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $8,944 $17,277
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $7,185 $16,455
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $5,869 $14,844
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $5,068 $13,465
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $4,242 $12,118
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $3,320 $10,933
2002 $999 $4,241 $2,570 $9,953
2001 $534 $3,802 $7,141 $11,118
2000 $564 $3,690 $7,637 $11,500
1999 $393 $3,619 $7,706 $11,464
1998 $429 $3,609 $8,219 $11,836
1997 $522 $3,525 $8,147 $11,403
1996 $531 $3,342 $7,663 $10,496
1995 $404 $2,990 $7,358 $9,891
1994 $335 $2,633 $7,438 $10,103
1993 $450 $2,628 $6,932 $9,472
1992 $669 $3,486 $6,790 $8,668
1991 $882 $3,740 $5,709 $7,961
1990 $966 $3,705 $4,315 $7,158
1989 $908 - $2,375 -
1988 $807 - $3,993 -
1987 $770 - $3,477 -
1986 $698 - $3,436 -
1985 $772 - $2,906 -
1984 $650 - $3,915 -
1983 $637 - $3,538 -
1982 $634 - $2,915 -
1981 $658 - $2,764 -
1980 $729 - $2,748 -
1979 - - $2,512 -
1978 - - $3,282 -
1977 - - $2,126 -
1976 - - $1,947 -
1975 - - $2,027 -
1974 - - $2,845 -
1973 - - $2,098 -
1972 - - $1,409 -
1971 - - $1,373 -
1970 - - $1,323 -
1969 - - $1,330 -
1968 - - $1,142 -
1967 - - $1,064 -
1966 - - $1,275 -
1965 - - $1,282 -
1964 - - $1,176 -
1963 - - $853 -
1962 - - $870 -
1961 - - $971 -
1960 - - $778 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $2,666, ranking 144/197, compared to $13,970 in Argentina, ranking 72/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431.

Economic indicators

Angola Argentina
Gross domestic product
$101B
2024
$638B
2024
GDP rank
71/197
2024
24/197
2024
GDP growth
4.42%
2023-2024
-1.34%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,666
2024
$13,970
2024
GDP per capita rank
144/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$30,431
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
73/197
2024
Government debt
$60.5B
2024
$540B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.9%
2024
84.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,597
2024
$11,826
2024
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2024
46/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$28,080
2026
$8,743
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$52.9B
2022
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
31.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
1.9%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.4%
2024
31%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
28.2%
2023-2024
219.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
18%
2023
29%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2022
1.69%
2024
Population
40555924
46048053

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Argentina
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Argentina
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.4% 59.9% 31% 84.7%
2023 18.8% 72.4% 37.6% 154.6%
2022 19.5% 56.1% 37.6% 84.3%
2021 17.3% 74.3% 37.9% 81%
2020 20% 119.1% 42.5% 103.8%
2019 18.2% 101.4% 38.1% 89.8%
2018 18.3% 82.5% 38.9% 85.2%
2017 21% 60.5% 41.1% 57%
2016 19.4% 66.7% 41.5% 53.1%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 41.4% 52.6%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 38.9% 44.7%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 37.6% 43.5%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 36.8% 40.4%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 34.9% 38.9%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 33.4% 43.5%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 34.5% 55.4%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 30.8% 53.8%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 29.6% 62.1%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 26.6% 70.8%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 24.4% 80.3%
2004 26% 41.6% 23% 117.9%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 22% 125.2%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 21.9% 147.2%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 26.4% 48%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 25.2% 40.8%
1999 39.4% 104.8% 25.5% 38.9%
1998 26.1% 96.3% 23.1% 34.1%
1997 26.8% 73.5% 22.6% 31.7%
1996 25.2% 92% 22.7% 32.6%
1995 - - 22.9% 30.7%
1994 - - 22.9% 28.4%
1993 - - 22% 26.9%
1992 - - 12.1% 25%
1991 - - 11.4% 35.7%
1990 - - 11% 48.5%
1989 - - 11% 118.2%
1988 - - 12.3% 61.4%
1987 - - 13.7% 74.1%
1986 - - 13.7% 55.9%
1985 - - 14.7% 55.2%
1984 - - 13% 54.6%
1983 - - 14.2% 64.2%
1982 - - 15.9% 52.2%
1981 - - 17% 26.5%
1980 - - 15.2% 11.4%
1979 - - 14.5% 12.4%
1978 - - 14.9% 17.5%
1977 - - 12.6% 25.1%
1976 - - 13% 28.7%
1975 - - 12.5% 33.8%
1974 - - 14% 13%
1973 - - 12.6% 12%
1972 - - 11.2% 17.1%
1971 - - 11.7% 15.2%
1970 - - 12% 13.5%
1969 - - 12.3% 9.63%
1968 - - 12.8% 9.43%
1967 - - 13% 10.9%
1966 - - 12.1% 13.4%
1965 - - 11.6% 15.9%
1964 - - 11.8% 16.8%
1963 - - 11.2% 23.4%
1962 - - 11.3% 25.1%
1961 - - 12.3% 8.69%
1960 - - 11.3% 8.39%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government spending was $18.6B, accounting for 18.4% of its GDP, while Argentina spent $198B, or 31% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.9% in Angola and 84.7% in Argentina, ranking 78/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Argentina
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Argentina
2024 -1.01% 0.46%
2023 -1.83% -5.33%
2022 0.58% -3.84%
2021 3.4% -4.33%
2020 -1.66% -8.67%
2019 0.69% -4.44%
2018 2.03% -5.44%
2017 -5.75% -6.69%
2016 -3.98% -6.65%
2015 -2.57% -6%
2014 -5.07% -4.25%
2013 -0.27% -3.25%
2012 3.68% -3.02%
2011 7.2% -2.75%
2010 2.98% -1.39%
2009 -6.8% -1.83%
2008 -3.8% 0.35%
2007 3.85% 0.76%
2006 8.42% 1.65%
2005 6.4% 3.34%
2004 1.03% 3.97%
2003 -4.1% 1.5%
2002 -2.24% -1.91%
2001 2.8% -5.36%
2000 2.02% -3.42%
1999 -8.1% -3.71%
1998 -5.1% -1.83%
1997 -0.23% -1.84%
1996 4.49% -2.81%
1995 - -2.07%
1994 - -1.25%
1993 - -0.02%
1992 - 1.54%
1991 - 0.96%
1990 - -0.14%
1989 - -0.25%
1988 - -1.75%
1987 - 1.89%
1986 - 3.3%
1985 - 3.6%
1984 - -1.39%
1983 - -2.89%
1982 - -4.68%
1981 - -3.93%
1980 - -1.14%
1979 - -1.5%
1978 - -1.36%
1977 - -0.54%
1976 - -2.39%
1975 - -2.9%
1974 - -1.08%
1973 - -1.48%
1972 - -0.12%
1971 - 0.32%
1970 - 1.01%
1969 - 0.54%
1968 - 0.25%
1967 - 0.66%
1966 - -0.98%
1965 - -0.89%
1964 - -1.34%
1963 - -0.65%
1962 - -0.47%
1961 - 1.73%
1960 - -1.98%
1959 - -4.82%
1958 - -6.61%
1957 - -2.72%
1956 - -3.77%
1955 - -3.75%
1954 - -3.21%
1953 - -3.1%
1952 - -3.01%
1951 - -3.52%
1950 - -3.38%
1949 - -3.98%
1948 - -2.73%
1947 - -1.6%
1946 - -4.12%
1945 - -5.25%
1944 - -4.61%
1943 - -3.86%
1942 - -2.9%
1941 - -2.85%
1940 - -2.31%
1939 - -3.09%
1938 - -2.09%
1937 - -1.62%
1936 - -1.44%
1935 - -1.16%
1934 - -1.56%
1933 - -1.27%
1932 - -1.19%
1931 - -2.98%
1930 - -3.94%
1929 - -1.95%
1928 - -1.52%
1927 - -3.3%
1926 - -1%
1925 - -0.46%
1924 - -0.68%
1923 - -0.93%
1922 - -1.86%
1921 - -0.99%
1920 - 0.2%
1919 - -0.3%
1918 - -1.14%
1917 - -2.18%
1916 - -2.13%
1915 - -2.64%
1914 - -3.03%
1913 - -0.61%
1912 - -0.78%
1911 - -2.19%
1910 - -2.24%
1909 - -2.57%
1908 - 0.28%
1907 - -0.2%
1906 - -0.32%
1905 - -3.52%
1904 - 0.15%
1903 - -0.25%
1902 - -2.2%
1901 - -0.54%
1900 - -0.42%
1899 - -0.4%
1898 - -9.31%
1897 - -1.46%
1896 - -4.19%
1895 - -1.59%
1894 - -1.06%
1893 - 0.06%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -4.48%
1890 - -1.82%
1889 - -2.88%
1888 - -0.69%
1887 - 0.35%
1886 - -2.39%
1885 - -2.67%
1884 - -4.07%
1883 - -4.19%
1882 - -5.42%
1881 - -2.31%
1880 - -2.15%
1879 - -1.09%
1878 - -1.08%
1877 - -1.68%
1876 - -4.15%
1875 - -3.08%
1874 - -2.59%
1873 - -1.39%
1872 - -1.18%
1871 - -5.54%
1870 - -2.74%
1869 - -1.61%
1868 - -1.8%
1867 - -1.08%
1866 - -2.09%
1865 - -0.79%
1864 - 0.51%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.02B, equivalent to 1.01% of GDP. This compares to Argentina's surplus of $2.92B, or 0.46% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Argentina ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.65% of GDP for Argentina.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Argentina
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Argentina
2024 28.2% 219.9%
2023 13.6% 133.5%
2022 21.4% 72.4%
2021 25.8% 48.4%
2020 22.3% 42%
2019 17.1% 53.5%
2018 19.6% 34.3%
2017 29.8% 25.7%
2016 30.7% -
2015 9.2% -
2014 7.3% -
2013 8.8% 10.6%
2012 10.3% 10%
2011 13.5% 9.8%
2010 14.5% 10.5%
2009 13.7% 6.3%
2008 12.5% 8.6%
2007 12.2% 8.8%
2006 13.3% 10.9%
2005 23% 9.6%
2004 43.5% 4.4%
2003 98.2% 13.4%
2002 108.9% 25.9%
2001 152.6% -1.1%
2000 325% -0.9%
1999 248.2% -1.2%
1998 107.4% 0.9%
1997 221.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 53%, compared with 31.5% in Argentina. In 2024, inflation was 28.2% in Angola and 219.9% in Argentina.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $40K
Chemicals & pharma $10K
Metals $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Machinery & equipment $1K
Miscellaneous $1K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
Wood & paper products $1K
Argentina
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $61.3M
Miscellaneous $48.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $19.9M
Animal & marine products $17.7M
Machinery & equipment $1.2M
Metals $847K
Chemicals & pharma $285K
Wood & paper products $205K
Raw materials & minerals $14K
Textiles & consumer goods $6K

Balance of trade

Angola Argentina
Current account balance
$6.31B
2024
$5.7B
2024
Current account balance ranking
30/190
2024
32/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.25%
2024
+0.89%
2024
Goods imports
$14.2B
2024
$57.4B
2024
Goods exports
$36.8B
2024
$79.8B
2024
Service imports
$8.49B
2024
$22.9B
2024
Service exports
$129M
2024
$17.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
12.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.5%
2024
15.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Argentina
Economic freedom 54.4 57.4
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 117/197
Property rights 36.9 41.2
Government integrity 28.3 41.2
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 58.2
Tax burden 86.9 67.8
Government spending 89.3 62.3
Fiscal health 91.9 72.2
Business freedom 42.8 56.8
Labor freedom 50.8 53.5
Monetary freedom 59 28.9
Trade freedom 70.4 67.4
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Argentina
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Argentina
2026 54.4 57.4
2025 55 54.2
2024 54.3 49.9
2023 53 51
2022 52.6 50.1
2021 54.2 52.7
2020 52.2 53.1
2019 50.6 52.2
2018 48.6 52.3
2017 48.5 50.4
2016 48.9 43.8
2015 47.9 44.1
2014 47.7 44.6
2013 47.3 46.7
2012 46.7 48
2011 46.2 51.7
2010 48.4 51.2
2009 47 52.3
2008 46.9 54.2
2007 44.7 54
2006 43.5 53.4
2005 - 51.7
2004 - 53.9
2003 - 56.3
2002 - 65.7
2001 - 68.6
2000 24.3 70
1999 23.7 70.6
1998 24.9 70.9
1997 24.2 73.3
1996 24.4 74.7
1995 27.4 68

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 57.4 for Argentina, ranking 117/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Argentina
Services, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
53.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
34.6%
2024
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
22.1%
2024
5.81%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$108B
2024
$618B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,460
2024
$29,800
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.2B
2024
$29.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
69/177
2024
56/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
-$8.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$11.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$2.76B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.5%
2024
6.32%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
38.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.4%
2024
15.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/argentina | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.