Skip to content

Economy of Angola vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Angola has a GDP of $101B compared to $4.69T for Germany, ranking 71/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $60.5B in government debt (59.9% of GDP), compared to $2.97T (63.5% of GDP) in Germany.

Angola vs Germany GDP by year

Angola
Germany
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Germany
2024 $100,998,916,781 $4,685,592,577,805
2023 $107,167,747,140 $4,562,207,532,490
2022 $131,212,208,930 $4,201,021,706,479
2021 $79,559,543,805 $4,355,251,953,411
2020 $58,852,456,454 $3,941,398,957,074
2019 $80,734,428,593 $3,959,894,794,039
2018 $89,512,794,227 $4,055,433,215,302
2017 $84,376,935,689 $3,765,351,626,106
2016 $59,878,249,719 $3,536,787,895,179
2015 $102,543,067,841 $3,425,099,578,746
2014 $153,449,860,496 $3,964,870,735,761
2013 $148,845,200,697 $3,807,023,797,051
2012 $143,572,907,528 $3,596,483,233,406
2011 $125,551,634,704 $3,823,575,803,794
2010 $95,546,919,755 $3,467,093,769,667
2009 $81,705,175,408 $3,478,545,516,684
2008 $98,790,432,989 $3,808,197,720,125
2007 $73,037,821,927 $3,484,056,680,855
2006 $58,653,659,980 $3,046,308,753,671
2005 $41,396,636,383 $2,893,393,187,362
2004 $26,997,977,897 $2,852,317,768,062
2003 $20,342,128,112 $2,534,715,518,349
2002 $17,311,512,432 $2,102,350,798,306
2001 $8,936,079,118 $1,966,381,496,642
2000 $9,129,594,970 $1,966,980,701,145
1999 $6,152,923,310 $2,213,873,468,587
1998 $6,506,221,616 $2,247,760,364,566
1997 $7,648,380,196 $2,218,790,886,533
1996 $7,526,421,519 $2,506,576,553,158
1995 $5,538,749,260 $2,593,053,091,306
1994 $4,438,321,017 $2,215,282,632,277
1993 $5,768,720,422 $2,078,954,217,438
1992 $8,307,810,974 $2,141,377,582,968
1991 $10,603,784,541 $1,875,792,575,133
1990 $11,229,515,599 $1,778,162,195,860
1989 $10,201,780,977 $1,404,092,925,205
1988 $8,769,836,769 $1,406,367,016,372
1987 $8,084,412,414 $1,302,932,318,825
1986 $7,072,536,109 $1,050,092,624,516
1985 $7,554,065,410 $735,218,723,093
1984 $6,131,475,065 $727,767,760,979
1983 $5,784,341,596 $773,507,930,295
1982 $5,550,483,036 $779,421,633,755
1981 $5,550,483,036 $803,404,797,058
1980 $5,930,503,401 $953,772,499,462
1979 - $884,574,218,333
1978 - $743,182,891,918
1977 - $602,698,323,086
1976 - $521,658,712,133
1975 - $492,434,094,920
1974 - $446,934,971,657
1973 - $399,833,571,167
1972 - $300,899,944,795
1971 - $250,900,942,397
1970 - $216,629,229,947
1969 - $177,733,486,326
1968 - $156,527,292,653
1967 - $145,100,667,773
1966 - $143,304,275,684
1965 - $134,774,688,191
1964 - $123,330,404,665
1963 - $112,232,503,744
1962 - $105,895,435,234
1961 - $96,558,204,043
1960 - $84,619,845,881

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Germany by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,666 $10,119 $56,104 $73,552
2023 $2,916 $9,754 $54,777 $71,684
2022 $3,682 $9,588 $50,507 $69,049
2021 $2,304 $8,862 $52,349 $62,531
2020 $1,759 $7,827 $47,395 $58,686
2019 $2,494 $8,573 $47,656 $59,271
2018 $2,860 $8,278 $48,916 $56,273
2017 $2,791 $8,007 $45,554 $54,110
2016 $2,052 $7,767 $42,949 $51,570
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $41,930 $48,545
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $48,960 $47,939
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $47,207 $45,889
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $44,718 $44,229
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $47,631 $43,398
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $42,397 $39,726
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $42,472 $37,574
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $46,379 $38,444
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $42,351 $36,914
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $36,980 $34,741
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $35,084 $32,314
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $34,567 $31,753
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $30,711 $30,301
2002 $999 $4,241 $25,487 $29,514
2001 $534 $3,802 $23,878 $28,674
2000 $564 $3,690 $23,926 $27,474
1999 $393 $3,619 $26,965 $26,518
1998 $429 $3,609 $27,396 $25,446
1997 $522 $3,525 $27,047 $24,649
1996 $531 $3,342 $30,600 $24,169
1995 $404 $2,990 $31,747 $23,631
1994 $335 $2,633 $27,202 $22,869
1993 $450 $2,628 $25,617 $21,900
1992 $669 $3,486 $26,560 $21,746
1991 $882 $3,740 $23,443 $21,001
1990 $966 $3,705 $22,386 $19,468
1989 $908 - $17,829 -
1988 $807 - $17,997 -
1987 $770 - $16,739 -
1986 $698 - $13,511 -
1985 $772 - $9,464 -
1984 $650 - $9,347 -
1983 $637 - $9,900 -
1982 $634 - $9,950 -
1981 $658 - $10,246 -
1980 $729 - $12,183 -
1979 - - $11,322 -
1978 - - $9,517 -
1977 - - $7,711 -
1976 - - $6,659 -
1975 - - $6,259 -
1974 - - $5,660 -
1973 - - $5,065 -
1972 - - $3,824 -
1971 - - $3,204 -
1970 - - $2,771 -
1969 - - $2,281 -
1968 - - $2,025 -
1967 - - $1,886 -
1966 - - $1,871 -
1965 - - $1,774 -
1964 - - $1,637 -
1963 - - $1,502 -
1962 - - $1,431 -
1961 - - $1,316 -
1960 - - $1,162 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $2,666, ranking 144/197, compared to $56,104 in Germany, ranking 19/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Germany ranks 20th at $73,552.

Economic indicators

Angola Germany
Gross domestic product
$101B
2024
$4.69T
2024
GDP rank
71/197
2024
3/197
2024
GDP growth
4.42%
2023-2024
-0.5%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,666
2024
$56,104
2024
GDP per capita rank
144/197
2024
19/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$73,552
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
20/197
2024
Government debt
$60.5B
2024
$2.97T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.9%
2024
63.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,597
2024
$35,606
2024
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2024
21/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$28,080
2026
$41,775
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.04T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
2,675,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
171
2025
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
25%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
2.9%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.4%
2024
49.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
28.2%
2023-2024
2.26%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
18%
2023
n/a
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2022
3.37%
2024
Population
40555924
82575542

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Germany
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.4% 59.9% 49.4% 63.5%
2023 18.8% 72.4% 48.1% 62.4%
2022 19.5% 56.1% 48.6% 64.4%
2021 17.3% 74.3% 50.7% 68%
2020 20% 119.1% 51.1% 68%
2019 18.2% 101.4% 45.5% 58.7%
2018 18.3% 82.5% 44.7% 60.8%
2017 21% 60.5% 44.5% 64%
2016 19.4% 66.7% 44.7% 68.3%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 44.5% 71.2%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 44.5% 74.5%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 45.2% 77.5%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 45.1% 79.8%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 45.3% 78.5%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 48.1% 81%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 48.3% 72.4%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 44.4% 65.2%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 43.5% 63.7%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 45.3% 66.4%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 46.9% 67.1%
2004 26% 41.6% 47% 65%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 48.5% 63.3%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 48.2% 59.8%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 47.7% 58.1%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 48.1% 59.2%
1999 39.4% 104.8% 48.5% 60.3%
1998 26.1% 96.3% 48.3% 59.4%
1997 26.8% 73.5% 48.8% 58.8%
1996 25.2% 92% 49.6% 57.7%
1995 - - 55.2% 54.9%
1994 - - 48.3% 47.5%
1993 - - 48.3% 45.1%
1992 - - 47.4% 41.4%
1991 - - 46.5% 39%
1990 - - 44.7% 40.7%
1989 - - 44.3% 39.2%
1988 - - 45.6% 40.5%
1987 - - 46% 40.1%
1986 - - 45.7% 39.1%
1985 - - 46.6% 39.2%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government spending was $18.6B, accounting for 18.4% of its GDP, while Germany spent $2.32T, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.9% in Angola and 63.5% in Germany, ranking 78/185 and 72/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Germany
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Germany
2024 -1.01% -2.66%
2023 -1.83% -2.49%
2022 0.58% -1.91%
2021 3.4% -3.17%
2020 -1.66% -4.38%
2019 0.69% 1.33%
2018 2.03% 1.88%
2017 -5.75% 1.34%
2016 -3.98% 1.13%
2015 -2.57% 0.91%
2014 -5.07% 0.73%
2013 -0.27% 0.12%
2012 3.68% -0.05%
2011 7.2% -0.84%
2010 2.98% -4.42%
2009 -6.8% -3.18%
2008 -3.8% -0.26%
2007 3.85% 0.15%
2006 8.42% -1.76%
2005 6.4% -3.37%
2004 1.03% -3.42%
2003 -4.1% -3.83%
2002 -2.24% -4.09%
2001 2.8% -3.12%
2000 2.02% -1.71%
1999 -8.1% -1.87%
1998 -5.1% -2.65%
1997 -0.23% -3.03%
1996 4.49% -3.64%
1995 - -9.44%
1994 - -2.54%
1993 - -3.11%
1992 - -2.63%
1991 - -3.21%
1990 - -1.94%
1989 - 0.08%
1988 - -2.02%
1987 - -1.85%
1986 - -1.18%
1985 - -1.18%
1984 - -2.04%
1983 - -2.95%
1982 - -3.56%
1981 - -4.03%
1980 - -3.02%
1979 - -2.71%
1978 - -2.62%
1977 - -2.56%
1976 - -3.5%
1975 - -5.78%
1974 - -1.69%
1973 - 1.14%
1972 - -0.37%
1971 - 0.16%
1970 - 0.53%
1969 - -0.43%
1968 - 1.39%
1967 - 2.73%
1966 - 1.76%
1965 - 2.26%
1964 - 1.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1962 - 0.49%
1961 - -0.12%
1960 - -0.34%
1959 - 0.77%
1958 - 1.77%
1957 - 1.99%
1956 - 0.59%
1955 - -1.41%
1954 - -0.37%
1953 - -0.13%
1952 - 0%
1951 - 1.15%
1950 - 1.81%
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 - -0.64%
1933 - -0.43%
1932 - -1.11%
1931 - -1.03%
1930 - -1.52%
1929 - -0.9%
1928 - -1.47%
1927 - -0.44%
1926 - -1.3%
1925 - 0.34%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.007%
1912 - -0.26%
1911 - 0.06%
1910 - -0.21%
1909 - 0.11%
1908 - -0.11%
1907 - -0.14%
1906 - 0.76%
1905 - 1.21%
1904 - 0.41%
1903 - 0.88%
1902 - 0.08%
1901 - 0.91%
1900 - 0.27%
1899 - 0.6%
1898 - 0.47%
1897 - 0.39%
1896 - 0.63%
1895 - 0.47%
1894 - 0.44%
1893 - 0.42%
1892 - -0.24%
1891 - 1.18%
1890 - 0.12%
1889 - 1.16%
1888 - 0.62%
1887 - 0.88%
1886 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1884 - 0.23%
1883 - 0.55%
1882 - 0.41%
1881 - 0.12%
1880 - -0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.02B, equivalent to 1.01% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of $125B, or 2.66% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.66% of GDP for Germany.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Germany
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Germany
2024 28.2% 2.26%
2023 13.6% 5.95%
2022 21.4% 6.87%
2021 25.8% 3.07%
2020 22.3% 0.14%
2019 17.1% 1.45%
2018 19.6% 1.73%
2017 29.8% 1.51%
2016 30.7% 0.49%
2015 9.2% 0.51%
2014 7.3% 0.91%
2013 8.8% 1.5%
2012 10.3% 2.01%
2011 13.5% 2.08%
2010 14.5% 1.1%
2009 13.7% 0.31%
2008 12.5% 2.63%
2007 12.2% 2.3%
2006 13.3% 1.58%
2005 23% 1.55%
2004 43.5% 1.67%
2003 98.2% 1.03%
2002 108.9% 1.42%
2001 152.6% 1.98%
2000 325% 1.44%
1999 248.2% 0.59%
1998 107.4% 0.91%
1997 221.5% 1.94%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 59%, compared with 1.82% in Germany. In 2024, inflation was 28.2% in Angola and 2.26% in Germany.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $48.4M
Machinery & equipment $3.04M
Chemicals & pharma $581K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $483K
Textiles & consumer goods $229K
Precious metals & jewellery $28K
Raw agricultural goods $19K
Metals $16K
Wood & paper products $5K
Miscellaneous $1K
Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $158M
Raw agricultural goods $57.6M
Chemicals & pharma $26.6M
Metals $20.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.16M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.61M
Raw materials & minerals $7.2M
Animal & marine products $4.4M
Miscellaneous $3.77M
Wood & paper products $1.97M

Balance of trade

Angola Germany
Current account balance
$6.31B
2024
$270B
2024
Current account balance ranking
30/190
2024
2/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.25%
2024
+5.77%
2024
Goods imports
$14.2B
2024
$1.21T
2024
Goods exports
$36.8B
2024
$1.47T
2024
Service imports
$8.49B
2024
$548B
2024
Service exports
$129M
2024
$470B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
37.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.5%
2024
41.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Germany
Economic freedom 54.4 71.7
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 30/197
Property rights 36.9 95.5
Government integrity 28.3 84.5
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 94.6
Tax burden 86.9 60.5
Government spending 89.3 28.8
Fiscal health 91.9 83.1
Business freedom 42.8 79.8
Labor freedom 50.8 52.2
Monetary freedom 59 72.5
Trade freedom 70.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Germany
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Germany
2026 54.4 71.7
2025 55 71.6
2024 54.3 72.1
2023 53 73.7
2022 52.6 76.1
2021 54.2 72.5
2020 52.2 73.5
2019 50.6 73.5
2018 48.6 74.2
2017 48.5 73.8
2016 48.9 74.4
2015 47.9 73.8
2014 47.7 73.4
2013 47.3 72.8
2012 46.7 71
2011 46.2 71.8
2010 48.4 71.1
2009 47 70.5
2008 46.9 70.6
2007 44.7 70.8
2006 43.5 70.8
2005 - 68.1
2004 - 69.5
2003 - 69.7
2002 - 70.4
2001 - 69.5
2000 24.3 65.7
1999 23.7 65.6
1998 24.9 64.3
1997 24.2 67.5
1996 24.4 69.1
1995 27.4 69.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 71.7 for Germany, ranking 30/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Germany
Services, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
64%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
34.6%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
22.1%
2024
0.91%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$108B
2024
$4.6T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,460
2024
$76,180
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.2B
2024
$378B
2024
Total reserves ranking
69/177
2024
10/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
$32.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$47.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$80.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.5%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.4%
2024
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/germany | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.