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Economy of Angola vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Angola has a GDP of $122B compared to $669B for Sweden, ranking 68/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $62.7B in government debt (51.3% of GDP), compared to $234B (34.9% of GDP) in Sweden.

Angola vs Sweden GDP by year

Angola
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Sweden
2025 $122,174,889,424 $668,998,664,082
2024 $103,080,538,044 $604,827,393,489
2023 $106,042,349,567 $578,990,915,246
2022 $128,233,959,333 $575,071,237,641
2021 $78,283,923,544 $631,693,331,301
2020 $58,512,033,806 $544,265,668,452
2019 $81,193,813,808 $530,894,124,494
2018 $90,506,061,877 $549,649,344,043
2017 $85,629,598,654 $535,172,356,785
2016 $60,770,049,747 $513,058,312,951
2015 $102,543,067,841 $501,602,351,912
2014 $153,449,860,496 $577,727,767,304
2013 $148,845,200,696 $584,125,353,119
2012 $143,572,907,528 $549,739,674,655
2011 $125,551,634,705 $570,538,581,144
2010 $95,546,919,754 $492,750,897,239
2009 $81,705,175,409 $434,311,714,442
2008 $98,790,432,989 $514,614,100,833
2007 $73,037,821,926 $490,047,789,548
2006 $58,653,659,980 $422,528,394,459
2005 $41,396,636,384 $391,688,455,929
2004 $26,997,977,896 $384,545,442,175
2003 $20,342,128,112 $334,072,443,516
2002 $17,311,512,433 $267,371,907,447
2001 $8,936,079,118 $242,497,797,485
2000 $9,129,594,970 $262,903,560,280
1999 $6,152,923,310 $274,318,357,862
1998 $6,506,221,616 $270,887,306,759
1997 $7,648,380,196 $268,249,616,891
1996 $7,526,421,519 $291,949,597,375
1995 $5,538,749,260 $267,050,453,507
1994 $4,438,321,017 $228,699,066,874
1993 $5,768,720,422 $212,644,602,616
1992 $8,307,810,974 $283,908,914,454
1991 $10,603,784,541 $273,831,464,572
1990 $11,229,515,599 $261,466,577,009
1989 $10,201,780,977 $217,632,340,195
1988 $8,769,836,769 $206,686,590,776
1987 $8,084,412,414 $182,744,315,974
1986 $7,072,536,109 $150,279,869,729
1985 $7,554,065,410 $113,958,084,357
1984 $6,131,475,065 $109,043,045,407
1983 $5,784,341,596 $104,862,109,663
1982 $5,550,483,036 $114,214,731,799
1981 $5,550,483,036 $129,498,921,476
1980 $5,930,503,401 $141,886,067,004
1979 - $123,207,527,699
1978 - $104,290,933,496
1977 - $94,331,782,622
1976 - $89,232,517,046
1975 - $82,765,232,648
1974 - $65,917,634,590
1973 - $59,318,842,992
1972 - $48,883,173,400
1971 - $41,506,151,115
1970 - $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Sweden by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,129 - $63,133 -
2024 $2,721 $10,119 $57,223 $71,845
2023 $2,886 $9,754 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $3,599 $9,588 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $2,267 $8,862 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $1,749 $7,827 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $2,508 $8,573 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $2,892 $8,278 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $2,832 $8,007 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $2,082 $7,767 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $999 $4,241 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $534 $3,802 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $564 $3,690 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $393 $3,619 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $429 $3,609 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $522 $3,525 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $531 $3,342 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $404 $2,990 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $335 $2,633 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $450 $2,628 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $669 $3,486 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $882 $3,740 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $966 $3,705 $30,549 $20,357
1989 $908 - $25,625 -
1988 $807 - $24,499 -
1987 $770 - $21,761 -
1986 $698 - $17,955 -
1985 $772 - $13,647 -
1984 $650 - $13,080 -
1983 $637 - $12,590 -
1982 $634 - $13,719 -
1981 $658 - $15,564 -
1980 $729 - $17,073 -
1979 - - $14,856 -
1978 - - $12,602 -
1977 - - $11,432 -
1976 - - $10,853 -
1975 - - $10,103 -
1974 - - $8,078 -
1973 - - $7,291 -
1972 - - $6,018 -
1971 - - $5,125 -
1970 - - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $3,129, ranking 142/197, compared to $63,133 in Sweden, ranking 15/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Angola Sweden
Gross domestic product
$122B
2025
$669B
2025
GDP rank
68/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP growth
3.13%
2024-2025
1.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,129
2025
$63,133
2025
GDP per capita rank
142/197
2025
15/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$62.7B
2025
$234B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.3%
2025
34.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,606
2025
$22,057
2025
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2025
31/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,550
2026
$40,083
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
507,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
50
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2025
49.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2024-2025
0.68%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
17.5%
2026
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2025
8.8%
2025
Population
40839390
10665077

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 18.9% 51.3% 49.4% 34.9%
2024 19% 57.1% 49.3% 33.9%
2023 23.3% 75.7% 48.9% 32.1%
2022 24.8% 57.4% 48.3% 34.2%
2021 22.8% 75.5% 49.3% 37.3%
2020 24.4% 119.8% 52% 40.4%
2019 20.9% 100.8% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 17.8% 81.6% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 20.7% 59.6% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 19.1% 65.7% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 50.2% 38%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 49.4% 37.9%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 26% 41.6% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 53% 49.5%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 52.7% 49.9%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 51.7% 52%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 45.7% 104.8% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 30.3% 96.3% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 31.1% 73.5% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 29.3% 92% 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government spending was $23B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $331B, or 49.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.3% in Angola and 34.9% in Sweden, ranking 103/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Sweden
2025 -4.07% -1.41%
2024 -1.19% -1.5%
2023 -2.49% -0.63%
2022 1.78% 1%
2021 1.35% -0.15%
2020 -3.05% -3.18%
2019 -0.2% 0.44%
2018 2% 0.67%
2017 -5.68% 1.29%
2016 -3.93% 0.86%
2015 -2.58% -0.27%
2014 -5.08% -1.84%
2013 -0.28% -1.63%
2012 3.67% -1.19%
2011 7.17% -0.41%
2010 2.96% -0.14%
2009 -6.83% -0.89%
2008 -3.82% 1.87%
2007 3.81% 3.37%
2006 8.42% 2.2%
2005 6.4% 2.08%
2004 1.03% 0.17%
2003 -4.1% -1.25%
2002 -2.24% -1.46%
2001 2.8% 1.37%
2000 2.02% 3.11%
1999 -9.4% 0.6%
1998 -5.92% 0.82%
1997 -0.27% -1.57%
1996 5.22% -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.97B, equivalent to 4.07% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $9.43B, or 1.41% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 16 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.03% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Sweden
2025 20.2% 0.68%
2024 28.2% 2.84%
2023 13.6% 8.55%
2022 21.4% 8.37%
2021 25.8% 2.16%
2020 22.3% 0.5%
2019 17.1% 1.78%
2018 19.6% 1.95%
2017 29.8% 1.79%
2016 30.7% 0.98%
2015 9.2% -0.05%
2014 7.3% -0.18%
2013 8.8% -0.04%
2012 10.3% 0.89%
2011 13.5% 2.96%
2010 14.5% 1.16%
2009 13.7% -0.49%
2008 12.5% 3.44%
2007 12.2% 2.21%
2006 13.3% 1.36%
2005 23% 0.45%
2004 43.5% 0.37%
2003 98.2% 1.93%
2002 108.9% 2.16%
2001 152.6% 2.41%
2000 325% 0.9%
1999 248.2% 0.46%
1998 107.4% -0.27%
1997 221.5% 0.66%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 57.7%, compared with 1.72% in Sweden. In 2025, inflation was 20.2% in Angola and 0.68% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $74.7M
Machinery & equipment $164K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
Metals $7K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $36.3M
Raw agricultural goods $5.44M
Chemicals & pharma $3.02M
Metals $1.77M
Raw materials & minerals $903K
Wood & paper products $882K
Textiles & consumer goods $873K
Animal & marine products $70K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $41K
Miscellaneous $29K

Balance of trade

Angola Sweden
Current account balance
$536M
2025
$40.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
57/190
2025
15/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.44%
2025
+6.06%
2025
Goods imports
$15.5B
2025
$201B
2025
Goods exports
$30.6B
2025
$233B
2025
Service imports
$8.51B
2025
$144B
2025
Service exports
$118M
2025
$132B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.7%
2025
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23%
2025
53.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Sweden
Economic freedom 54.4 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 14/197
Property rights 36.9 96.2
Government integrity 28.3 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 95.6
Tax burden 86.9 51.6
Government spending 89.3 28.4
Fiscal health 91.9 97.5
Business freedom 42.8 84.8
Labor freedom 50.8 65.8
Monetary freedom 59 78.1
Trade freedom 70.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Sweden
2026 54.4 77.8
2025 55 77.9
2024 54.3 77.5
2023 53 77.5
2022 52.6 77.9
2021 54.2 74.7
2020 52.2 74.9
2019 50.6 75.2
2018 48.6 76.3
2017 48.5 74.9
2016 48.9 72
2015 47.9 72.7
2014 47.7 73.1
2013 47.3 72.9
2012 46.7 71.7
2011 46.2 71.9
2010 48.4 72.4
2009 47 70.5
2008 46.9 70.8
2007 44.7 69.3
2006 43.5 70.9
2005 - 69.8
2004 - 70.1
2003 - 70
2002 - 70.8
2001 - 66.6
2000 24.3 65.1
1999 23.7 64.2
1998 24.9 64
1997 24.2 63.3
1996 24.4 61.8
1995 27.4 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Sweden
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2025
67%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
1.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$112B
2025
$668B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,840
2025
$76,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2025
$74.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2025
36/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2025
-$11.1B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$30.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$29.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
25.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/sweden | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.