Skip to content

Economy of Angola vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Angola has a GDP of $122B compared to $3.96T for India, ranking 68/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $62.7B in government debt (51.3% of GDP), compared to $3.33T (84.1% of GDP) in India.

Angola vs India GDP by year

Angola
India
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola India
2025 $122,174,889,424 $3,956,067,115,772
2024 $103,080,538,044 $3,760,813,470,501
2023 $106,042,349,567 $3,500,906,030,645
2022 $128,233,959,333 $3,249,938,492,013
2021 $78,283,923,544 $3,167,270,623,260
2020 $58,512,033,806 $2,674,851,578,587
2019 $81,193,813,808 $2,835,606,256,558
2018 $90,506,061,877 $2,702,929,641,649
2017 $85,629,598,654 $2,651,474,262,755
2016 $60,770,049,747 $2,294,796,885,663
2015 $102,543,067,841 $2,103,588,360,045
2014 $153,449,860,496 $2,039,126,479,155
2013 $148,845,200,696 $1,856,721,507,622
2012 $143,572,907,528 $1,827,637,590,410
2011 $125,551,634,705 $1,823,051,829,895
2010 $95,546,919,754 $1,675,615,519,485
2009 $81,705,175,409 $1,341,888,016,995
2008 $98,790,432,989 $1,198,895,139,006
2007 $73,037,821,926 $1,216,736,438,835
2006 $58,653,659,980 $940,259,888,788
2005 $41,396,636,384 $820,383,763,511
2004 $26,997,977,896 $709,152,728,831
2003 $20,342,128,112 $607,700,687,237
2002 $17,311,512,433 $514,939,140,319
2001 $8,936,079,118 $485,440,139,204
2000 $9,129,594,970 $468,395,521,654
1999 $6,152,923,310 $458,821,052,616
1998 $6,506,221,616 $421,351,317,225
1997 $7,648,380,196 $415,867,563,593
1996 $7,526,421,519 $392,896,866,205
1995 $5,538,749,260 $360,281,909,643
1994 $4,438,321,017 $327,274,843,459
1993 $5,768,720,422 $279,295,648,983
1992 $8,307,810,974 $288,208,070,278
1991 $10,603,784,541 $270,105,341,879
1990 $11,229,515,599 $320,979,026,420
1989 $10,201,780,977 $296,042,052,945
1988 $8,769,836,769 $296,589,670,896
1987 $8,084,412,414 $279,033,584,092
1986 $7,072,536,109 $248,985,994,041
1985 $7,554,065,410 $232,511,554,840
1984 $6,131,475,065 $212,157,645,178
1983 $5,784,341,596 $218,262,146,413
1982 $5,550,483,036 $200,715,624,831
1981 $5,550,483,036 $193,491,368,446
1980 $5,930,503,401 $186,328,579,302
1979 - $152,995,442,498
1978 - $137,302,319,829
1977 - $121,486,641,441
1976 - $102,716,451,980
1975 - $98,473,832,017
1974 - $99,526,597,934
1973 - $85,517,673,173
1972 - $71,464,700,667
1971 - $67,351,404,352
1970 - $62,422,483,055
1969 - $58,447,995,017
1968 - $53,085,455,871
1967 - $50,134,942,204
1966 - $45,581,230,504
1965 - $59,556,105,229
1964 - $56,480,289,941
1963 - $48,421,923,459
1962 - $42,161,481,858
1961 - $39,232,435,784
1960 - $37,029,883,876

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs India by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,129 - $2,702 -
2024 $2,721 $10,119 $2,592 $11,160
2023 $2,886 $9,754 $2,434 $10,323
2022 $3,599 $9,588 $2,280 $9,207
2021 $2,267 $8,862 $2,240 $8,050
2020 $1,749 $7,827 $1,907 $6,966
2019 $2,508 $8,573 $2,041 $7,151
2018 $2,892 $8,278 $1,966 $6,715
2017 $2,832 $8,007 $1,950 $6,145
2016 $2,082 $7,767 $1,708 $5,800
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $1,584 $5,425
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $1,554 $5,192
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $1,433 $5,014
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $1,429 $4,820
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $1,445 $4,455
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $1,348 $4,206
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $1,095 $3,887
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $993 $3,633
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $1,022 $3,508
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $802 $3,221
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $710 $2,937
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $624 $2,682
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $544 $2,461
2002 $999 $4,241 $469 $2,277
2001 $534 $3,802 $450 $2,200
2000 $564 $3,690 $443 $2,091
1999 $393 $3,619 $442 $2,006
1998 $429 $3,609 $414 $1,852
1997 $522 $3,525 $416 $1,759
1996 $531 $3,342 $401 $1,695
1995 $404 $2,990 $375 $1,579
1994 $335 $2,633 $348 $1,467
1993 $450 $2,628 $303 $1,374
1992 $669 $3,486 $319 $1,309
1991 $882 $3,740 $306 $1,239
1990 $966 $3,705 $371 $1,212
1989 $908 - $350 -
1988 $807 - $358 -
1987 $770 - $345 -
1986 $698 - $315 -
1985 $772 - $301 -
1984 $650 - $281 -
1983 $637 - $296 -
1982 $634 - $278.7 -
1981 $658 - $275 -
1980 $729 - $271.1 -
1979 - - $228 -
1978 - - $209.4 -
1977 - - $189.6 -
1976 - - $164.1 -
1975 - - $161.1 -
1974 - - $166.7 -
1973 - - $146.6 -
1972 - - $125.3 -
1971 - - $120.7 -
1970 - - $114.4 -
1969 - - $109.5 -
1968 - - $101.6 -
1967 - - $98 -
1966 - - $91 -
1965 - - $121.5 -
1964 - - $117.9 -
1963 - - $103.4 -
1962 - - $92.2 -
1961 - - $87.9 -
1960 - - $84.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $3,129, ranking 142/197, compared to $2,702 in India, ranking 149/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while India ranks 130th at $11,160.

Economic indicators

Angola India
Gross domestic product
$122B
2025
$3.96T
2025
GDP rank
68/197
2025
6/197
2025
GDP growth
3.13%
2024-2025
7.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,129
2025
$2,702
2025
GDP per capita rank
142/197
2025
149/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$11,160
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
130/197
2024
Government debt
$62.7B
2025
$3.33T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.3%
2025
84.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,606
2025
$2,272
2025
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2025
116/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,550
2026
$2,974
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$10.6T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
229
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2025
28.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2024-2025
2.4%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
17.5%
2026
5.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2025
4.51%
2025
Population
40839390
1483314140

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
India
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 18.9% 51.3% 28.5% 84.1%
2024 19% 57.1% 29.3% 84.8%
2023 23.3% 75.7% 29.7% 85%
2022 24.8% 57.4% 30% 84.6%
2021 22.8% 75.5% 30.7% 85.7%
2020 24.4% 119.8% 31.8% 90.6%
2019 20.9% 100.8% 27.4% 76.7%
2018 17.8% 81.6% 26.8% 71.7%
2017 20.7% 59.6% 26.6% 70.8%
2016 19.1% 65.7% 27.6% 69.8%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 27.3% 69.8%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 26.2% 67.6%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 26.5% 68%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 27.2% 68.1%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 27.3% 68.7%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 27.7% 67.7%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 28.1% 72.7%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 28.3% 74.3%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 26.1% 75.4%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 25.6% 77.9%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 26% 82.4%
2004 26% 41.6% 28.4% 84.9%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 29.9% 85.9%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 29.1% 84.3%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 28.3% 80.1%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 26.1% 74.9%
1999 45.7% 104.8% 25.8% 71.3%
1998 30.3% 96.3% 26% 69.3%
1997 31.1% 73.5% 25.2% 69%
1996 29.3% 92% 24.4% 67.1%
1995 - - 25% 70.9%
1994 - - 26.2% 74.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1991 - - 26.8% 76.7%
1990 - - 25.4% 50.8%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government spending was $23B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while India spent $1.13T, or 28.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.3% in Angola and 84.1% in India, ranking 103/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

India
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola India
2025 -4.07% -7.44%
2024 -1.19% -7.85%
2023 -2.49% -8.37%
2022 1.78% -9.23%
2021 1.35% -9.7%
2020 -3.05% -13.2%
2019 -0.2% -7.86%
2018 2% -6.46%
2017 -5.68% -6.33%
2016 -3.93% -7.21%
2015 -2.58% -7.28%
2014 -5.08% -6.9%
2013 -0.28% -6.78%
2012 3.67% -7.32%
2011 7.17% -8.03%
2010 2.96% -8.53%
2009 -6.83% -9.26%
2008 -3.82% -8.15%
2007 3.81% -3.73%
2006 8.42% -5.11%
2005 6.4% -6.64%
2004 1.03% -9.22%
2003 -4.1% -11.4%
2002 -2.24% -11.1%
2001 2.8% -11%
2000 2.02% -8.41%
1999 -9.4% -8.7%
1998 -5.92% -9.74%
1997 -0.27% -8.28%
1996 5.22% -6.71%
1995 - -6.81%
1994 - -8%
1993 - -8.57%
1992 - -7.89%
1991 - -7.44%
1990 - -7.63%
1989 - -7.68%
1988 - -7.01%
1987 - -9.53%
1986 - -10.6%
1985 - -9.58%
1984 - -8.54%
1983 - -7.28%
1982 - -6.78%
1981 - -6.07%
1980 - -7.27%
1979 - -4.87%
1978 - -4.45%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -4.1%
1975 - -3.11%
1974 - -2.3%
1973 - -3.53%
1972 - -3.14%
1971 - -2.9%
1970 - -2.35%
1969 - -2.66%
1968 - -3.98%
1967 - -4.97%
1966 - -4.18%
1965 - -4.49%
1964 - -4.41%
1963 - -4.16%
1962 - -3.3%
1961 - -4.1%
1960 - -4.05%
1959 - -5.29%
1958 - -5.08%
1957 - -3.35%
1956 - -2.93%
1955 - -2.77%
1954 - -2.61%
1953 - -1.83%
1952 - 0.03%
1951 - -0.5%
1950 - -1.01%
1949 - -0.73%
1948 - -0.82%
1947 - -0.86%
1946 - -2.89%
1945 - -4.4%
1944 - -3.32%
1943 - -3.48%
1942 - -3.62%
1941 - -0.37%
1940 - -0.59%
1939 - -0.32%
1938 - -0.16%
1937 - -0.1%
1936 - -0.45%
1935 - -0.4%
1934 - -0.09%
1933 - 0%
1932 - 0.03%
1931 - -0.68%
1930 - -1.02%
1929 - -0.91%
1928 - -0.87%
1927 - -0.98%
1926 - -0.88%
1925 - -0.67%
1924 - -0.3%
1923 - -0.66%
1922 - -1.05%
1921 - -1.45%
1920 - -1.57%
1919 - -1.04%
1918 - -0.48%
1917 - -5.69%
1916 - 0.25%
1915 - -0.51%
1914 - -0.98%
1913 - -0.85%
1912 - -0.58%
1911 - -0.42%
1910 - -0.85%
1909 - -0.7%
1908 - -1.25%
1907 - -1.22%
1906 - -0.8%
1905 - -2%
1904 - -0.53%
1903 - -0.56%
1902 - -0.56%
1901 - -0.27%
1900 - -1.06%
1899 - -0.56%
1898 - -0.49%
1897 - -1.02%
1896 - -1%
1895 - -0.41%
1894 - -0.5%
1893 - -0.59%
1892 - -0.56%
1891 - -0.64%
1890 - -0.8%
1889 - -0.45%
1888 - -1.94%
1887 - -1.28%
1886 - -0.75%
1885 - -1.48%
1884 - -1.22%
1883 - -0.81%
1882 - -0.77%
1881 - -0.05%
1880 - -0.69%
1879 - -0.39%
1878 - -0.12%
1877 - -0.84%
1876 - -0.8%
1875 - -0.87%
1874 - -0.15%
1873 - -0.28%
1872 - 0.31%
1871 - 0.42%
1870 - 0.19%
1869 - 0.01%
1868 - -0.38%
1867 - -0.12%
1866 - -0.31%
1865 - 0.21%
1864 - -0.11%
1863 - -0.06%
1862 - 0.15%
1861 - -0.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.97B, equivalent to 4.07% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of $294B, or 7.44% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 8.2% of GDP for India.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

India
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola India
2025 20.2% 2.4%
2024 28.2% 4.95%
2023 13.6% 5.65%
2022 21.4% 6.7%
2021 25.8% 5.13%
2020 22.3% 6.62%
2019 17.1% 3.73%
2018 19.6% 3.94%
2017 29.8% 3.33%
2016 30.7% 4.95%
2015 9.2% 4.91%
2014 7.3% 6.67%
2013 8.8% 10%
2012 10.3% 9.48%
2011 13.5% 8.91%
2010 14.5% 12%
2009 13.7% 10.9%
2008 12.5% 8.35%
2007 12.2% 6.37%
2006 13.3% 5.8%
2005 23% 4.25%
2004 43.5% 3.77%
2003 98.2% 3.81%
2002 108.9% 4.3%
2001 152.6% 3.78%
2000 325% 4.01%
1999 248.2% 4.67%
1998 107.4% 13.2%
1997 221.5% 7.16%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 57.7%, compared with 6.2% in India. In 2025, inflation was 20.2% in Angola and 2.4% in India.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $4.35B
Machinery & equipment $6.47M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.03M
Metals $793K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $41K
Wood & paper products $29K
Raw agricultural goods $19K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $174M
Chemicals & pharma $154M
Raw materials & minerals $142M
Raw agricultural goods $98.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $34.1M
Metals $23.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $22.5M
Animal & marine products $15.3M
Wood & paper products $9.07M
Weapons & explosives $1.98M

Balance of trade

Angola India
Current account balance
$536M
2025
-$16.5B
2025
Current account balance ranking
57/190
2025
182/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.44%
2025
-0.42%
2025
Goods imports
$15.5B
2025
$761B
2025
Goods exports
$30.6B
2025
$450B
2025
Service imports
$8.51B
2025
$203B
2025
Service exports
$118M
2025
$412B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.7%
2025
24%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23%
2025
22.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola India
Economic freedom 54.4 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 146/197
Property rights 36.9 48.3
Government integrity 28.3 37.8
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 52.6
Tax burden 86.9 71.2
Government spending 89.3 75.7
Fiscal health 91.9 6.7
Business freedom 42.8 67.4
Labor freedom 50.8 59
Monetary freedom 59 70.9
Trade freedom 70.4 61
Investment freedom 30 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
India
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola India
2026 54.4 52.5
2025 55 53
2024 54.3 52.9
2023 53 52.9
2022 52.6 53.9
2021 54.2 56.5
2020 52.2 56.5
2019 50.6 55.2
2018 48.6 54.5
2017 48.5 52.6
2016 48.9 56.2
2015 47.9 54.6
2014 47.7 55.7
2013 47.3 55.2
2012 46.7 54.6
2011 46.2 54.6
2010 48.4 53.8
2009 47 54.4
2008 46.9 54.1
2007 44.7 53.9
2006 43.5 52.2
2005 - 54.2
2004 - 51.5
2003 - 51.2
2002 - 51.2
2001 - 49
2000 24.3 47.4
1999 23.7 50.2
1998 24.9 49.7
1997 24.2 49.7
1996 24.4 47.4
1995 27.4 45.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 52.5 for India, ranking 146/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola India
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2025
49.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
16.2%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$112B
2025
$4.04T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,840
2025
$11,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2025
$700B
2025
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2025
5/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2025
-$3.41B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
2.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
34.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/india | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.