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Economy of Angola vs India compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Angola has a GDP of $80.4B compared to $3.91T for India, ranking 81/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $50.2B in government debt (64.5% of GDP), compared to $3.18T (80.4% of GDP) in India.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Angola
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
India
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Angola India
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $37,029,883,876 $136,368,119,594
1961 - - $39,232,435,784 $141,444,753,584
1962 - - $42,161,481,858 $145,590,679,987
1963 - - $48,421,923,459 $154,317,899,662
1964 - - $56,480,289,941 $165,819,135,754
1965 - - $59,556,105,229 $161,448,524,536
1966 - - $45,581,230,504 $161,359,197,053
1967 - - $50,134,942,204 $173,987,108,161
1968 - - $53,085,455,871 $179,881,668,162
1969 - - $58,447,995,017 $191,645,390,153
1970 - - $62,422,483,055 $201,528,983,204
1971 - - $67,351,404,352 $204,839,964,084
1972 - - $71,464,700,667 $203,706,581,888
1973 - - $85,517,673,173 $210,419,775,347
1974 - - $99,526,597,934 $212,913,957,232
1975 - - $98,473,832,017 $232,395,396,987
1976 - - $102,716,451,980 $236,260,373,290
1977 - - $121,486,641,441 $253,400,507,185
1978 - - $137,302,319,829 $267,876,092,471
1979 - - $152,995,442,498 $253,844,253,326
1980 $5,930,503,401 $23,063,262,074 $186,328,579,302 $270,942,749,191
1981 $5,550,483,036 $22,048,478,262 $193,491,368,446 $287,216,122,418
1982 $5,550,483,036 $22,048,478,262 $200,715,624,831 $297,198,988,654
1983 $5,784,341,596 $22,974,514,664 $218,262,146,413 $318,861,504,646
1984 $6,131,475,065 $24,352,986,041 $212,157,645,178 $331,044,366,863
1985 $7,554,065,410 $25,205,340,428 $232,511,554,840 $348,438,428,459
1986 $7,072,536,109 $25,936,295,740 $248,985,994,041 $365,081,813,582
1987 $8,084,412,414 $26,995,209,500 $279,033,584,092 $379,558,605,849
1988 $8,769,836,769 $28,649,716,325 $296,589,670,896 $416,101,684,459
1989 $10,201,780,977 $28,661,640,755 $296,042,052,945 $440,848,680,243
1990 $11,229,515,599 $27,672,785,865 $320,979,026,420 $465,242,841,649
1991 $10,603,784,541 $27,947,122,601 $270,105,341,879 $470,159,674,248
1992 $8,307,810,974 $26,315,491,127 $288,208,070,278 $495,935,689,518
1993 $5,768,720,422 $20,004,137,038 $279,295,648,983 $519,496,484,312
1994 $4,438,321,017 $20,272,065,135 $327,274,843,459 $554,089,360,750
1995 $5,538,749,260 $23,312,874,912 $360,281,909,643 $596,058,814,154
1996 $7,526,421,519 $26,470,456,890 $392,896,866,205 $641,058,406,947
1997 $7,648,380,196 $28,395,991,341 $415,867,563,593 $667,020,123,972
1998 $6,506,221,616 $29,728,088,881 $421,351,317,225 $708,271,422,053
1999 $6,152,923,310 $30,376,604,084 $458,821,052,616 $770,923,380,745
2000 $9,129,594,970 $31,304,495,194 $468,395,521,654 $800,534,479,624
2001 $8,936,079,118 $32,621,161,810 $485,440,139,204 $839,151,992,865
2002 $15,285,592,370 $37,079,068,253 $514,939,140,319 $871,073,127,580
2003 $17,812,704,586 $38,187,732,393 $607,700,687,237 $939,542,798,342
2004 $23,552,057,679 $42,369,289,093 $709,152,728,831 $1,013,982,178,697
2005 $36,970,900,884 $48,737,393,240 $820,383,763,511 $1,094,324,353,141
2006 $52,381,025,141 $54,366,562,158 $940,259,888,788 $1,182,534,912,714
2007 $65,266,415,494 $61,983,317,521 $1,216,736,438,835 $1,273,126,725,480
2008 $88,538,665,085 $68,906,854,084 $1,198,895,139,006 $1,312,424,303,406
2009 $70,307,196,182 $69,499,453,031 $1,341,888,016,995 $1,415,605,643,156
2010 $83,799,474,070 $72,556,300,250 $1,675,615,519,485 $1,535,897,931,732
2011 $111,789,747,671 $75,075,493,557 $1,823,051,829,895 $1,616,399,198,834
2012 $128,052,915,766 $81,488,522,604 $1,827,637,590,410 $1,704,596,203,504
2013 $132,339,109,040 $85,525,963,564 $1,856,721,507,622 $1,813,453,530,767
2014 $135,966,802,587 $89,650,503,848 $2,039,126,479,155 $1,947,834,564,909
2015 $90,496,420,507 $90,496,420,507 $2,103,588,360,045 $2,103,588,360,045
2016 $52,761,617,226 $88,161,567,931 $2,294,796,885,663 $2,277,267,041,550
2017 $73,690,154,991 $88,031,782,694 $2,651,474,262,755 $2,432,016,068,498
2018 $79,450,688,259 $86,872,966,033 $2,702,929,641,649 $2,588,974,770,245
2019 $70,897,962,732 $86,262,880,685 $2,835,606,256,558 $2,689,205,295,885
2020 $48,501,561,204 $81,399,194,251 $2,674,851,578,587 $2,533,830,417,087
2021 $66,505,129,988 $82,375,341,953 $3,167,270,623,260 $2,779,348,258,939
2022 $104,399,746,853 $84,883,445,838 $3,346,107,287,731 $2,990,839,011,962
2023 $84,875,162,197 $85,798,573,860 $3,638,489,096,034 $3,265,719,695,911
2024 $80,396,942,242 $89,594,220,855 $3,912,686,168,582 $3,477,476,264,134

Economic indicators

Angola India
Gross domestic product
$80.4B
2024
$3.91T
2024
GDP rank
81/197
2024
5/197
2024
GDP growth
-5.28%
2023-2024
7.54%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,122
2024
$2,697
2024
GDP per capita rank
156/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$8,348
2024
$11,159
2024
Government debt
$50.2B
2024
$3.18T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
64.5%
2025
80.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,326
2024
$2,192
2024
Government debt per person rank
135/185
2024
116/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$33,074
2025
$4,011
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.13T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
868,660
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
205
2025
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
22.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
4.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
17.3%
2025
27.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
21.6%
2024-2025
4.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
18%
2023
5.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2022
4.17%
2024
Population
39983997
1474115403

GDP per capita in Angola vs India

Angola's GDP per capita is $2,122, ranking 156/197, compared to $2,697 in India, ranking 143/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 136th at $8,348, while India ranks 130th at $11,159.

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Angola India
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $84.9 -
1961 - - $87.9 -
1962 - - $92.2 -
1963 - - $103.4 -
1964 - - $117.9 -
1965 - - $121.5 -
1966 - - $91 -
1967 - - $98 -
1968 - - $101.6 -
1969 - - $109.5 -
1970 - - $114.4 -
1971 - - $120.7 -
1972 - - $125.3 -
1973 - - $146.6 -
1974 - - $166.7 -
1975 - - $161.1 -
1976 - - $164.1 -
1977 - - $189.6 -
1978 - - $209.4 -
1979 - - $228 -
1980 $729 - $271.1 -
1981 $658 - $275 -
1982 $634 - $278.7 -
1983 $637 - $296 -
1984 $650 - $281 -
1985 $772 - $301 -
1986 $698 - $315 -
1987 $770 - $345 -
1988 $807 - $358 -
1989 $908 - $350 -
1990 $966 $3,341 $371 $1,212
1991 $882 $3,373 $306 $1,239
1992 $669 $3,143 $319 $1,309
1993 $450 $2,369 $303 $1,374
1994 $335 $2,374 $348 $1,467
1995 $404 $2,696 $375 $1,579
1996 $531 $3,013 $401 $1,695
1997 $522 $3,178 $416 $1,759
1998 $429 $3,254 $414 $1,852
1999 $393 $3,263 $442 $2,006
2000 $564 $3,327 $443 $2,091
2001 $534 $3,428 $450 $2,200
2002 $882 $3,824 $469 $2,277
2003 $993 $3,879 $544 $2,461
2004 $1,266 $4,263 $624 $2,682
2005 $1,916 $4,876 $710 $2,937
2006 $2,617 $5,404 $802 $3,221
2007 $3,141 $6,096 $1,022 $3,508
2008 $4,103 $6,651 $993 $3,633
2009 $3,137 $6,498 $1,095 $3,887
2010 $3,597 $6,607 $1,348 $4,206
2011 $4,616 $6,711 $1,445 $4,455
2012 $5,086 $7,355 $1,429 $4,820
2013 $5,058 $7,561 $1,433 $5,014
2014 $5,006 $7,990 $1,554 $5,192
2015 $3,214 $7,120 $1,584 $5,425
2016 $1,808 $6,844 $1,708 $5,800
2017 $2,437 $6,993 $1,950 $6,145
2018 $2,539 $7,348 $1,966 $6,715
2019 $2,190 $7,528 $2,041 $7,151
2020 $1,450 $6,451 $1,907 $6,966
2021 $1,926 $7,408 $2,240 $8,050
2022 $2,930 $7,925 $2,347 $9,207
2023 $2,310 $8,047 $2,530 $10,323
2024 $2,122 $8,348 $2,697 $11,159

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Angola's government spending was $14.1B, accounting for 17.3% of its GDP, while India's spent $1.11T, or 27.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.5% in Angola and 80.4% in India, ranking 67/185 and 41/185, respectively.

Angola
Government spending

Government debt
India
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Angola India
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 11.2% 36.5%
1961 - - 11.8% 38.7%
1962 - - 11.5% 36.2%
1963 - - 12.3% 35.5%
1964 - - 13.2% 33.8%
1965 - - 13.7% 36.8%
1966 - - 13.8% 36.2%
1967 - - 13.8% 38.5%
1968 - - 12.6% 40.3%
1969 - - 11.5% 38.8%
1970 - - 11.7% 38.1%
1971 - - 12.4% 37.6%
1972 - - 13.5% 37.2%
1973 - - 12.9% 34.1%
1974 - - 11.3% 29%
1975 - - 12.7% 29.5%
1976 - - 14.4% 31.3%
1977 - - 13.9% 29.9%
1978 - - 15% 30.8%
1979 - - 15.6% 32.2%
1980 - - 17.5% 38%
1981 - - 16.6% 37.2%
1982 - - 17.8% 41.7%
1983 - - 17.8% 39.6%
1984 - - 19.8% 41.6%
1985 - - 21.6% 44.3%
1986 - - 23.2% 47.9%
1987 - - 22.5% 48.9%
1988 - - 24.9% 48.9%
1989 - - 25.7% 50.5%
1990 - - 25.8% 50.8%
1991 - - 27.3% 76.7%
1992 - - 26.7% 78.8%
1993 - - 26.2% 78.3%
1994 - - 26.2% 74.8%
1995 - - 25% 70.9%
1996 25.2% 92% 24.4% 67.1%
1997 26.8% 73.5% 25.2% 69%
1998 26.1% 96.3% 26% 69.3%
1999 39.4% 104.8% 25.8% 71.3%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 26.1% 74.9%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 28.3% 80.1%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 29.1% 84.3%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 29.9% 85.9%
2004 26% 41.6% 28.4% 84.9%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 26.9% 82.4%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 26.9% 77.9%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 26.9% 75.5%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 29.3% 74.4%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 28.5% 72.8%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 28% 67.7%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 27.6% 68.6%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 27.4% 68%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 26.6% 67.7%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 26.2% 67.1%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 27.1% 69%
2016 19.4% 66.7% 27.2% 68.9%
2017 21% 60.5% 26.2% 69.7%
2018 18.3% 82.5% 26.3% 70.4%
2019 18.2% 101.4% 26.8% 75%
2020 20% 119.1% 31% 88.4%
2021 17.3% 74.3% 29.9% 83.5%
2022 19.5% 56.1% 29.1% 82.2%
2023 19.2% 71.4% 28.4% 81.2%
2024 17.5% 62.5% 28.3% 81.3%
2025 17.3% 64.5% 27.7% 80.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$818M, equivalent to -1.02% of GDP. This compares to India's deficit of -$289B, or -7.38% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while India ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to -0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of -8.34% of GDP for India.

Deficit/surplus
Angola

India
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola India
1861 - -0.16%
1862 - 0.15%
1863 - -0.06%
1864 - -0.11%
1865 - 0.21%
1866 - -0.31%
1867 - -0.12%
1868 - -0.38%
1869 - 0.01%
1870 - 0.19%
1871 - 0.42%
1872 - 0.31%
1873 - -0.28%
1874 - -0.15%
1875 - -0.87%
1876 - -0.8%
1877 - -0.84%
1878 - -0.12%
1879 - -0.39%
1880 - -0.69%
1881 - -0.05%
1882 - -0.77%
1883 - -0.81%
1884 - -1.22%
1885 - -1.48%
1886 - -0.75%
1887 - -1.28%
1888 - -1.94%
1889 - -0.45%
1890 - -0.8%
1891 - -0.64%
1892 - -0.56%
1893 - -0.59%
1894 - -0.5%
1895 - -0.41%
1896 - -1%
1897 - -1.02%
1898 - -0.49%
1899 - -0.56%
1900 - -1.06%
1901 - -0.27%
1902 - -0.56%
1903 - -0.56%
1904 - -0.53%
1905 - -2%
1906 - -0.8%
1907 - -1.22%
1908 - -1.25%
1909 - -0.7%
1910 - -0.85%
1911 - -0.42%
1912 - -0.58%
1913 - -0.85%
1914 - -0.98%
1915 - -0.51%
1916 - 0.25%
1917 - -5.69%
1918 - -0.48%
1919 - -1.04%
1920 - -1.57%
1921 - -1.45%
1922 - -1.05%
1923 - -0.66%
1924 - -0.3%
1925 - -0.67%
1926 - -0.88%
1927 - -0.98%
1928 - -0.87%
1929 - -0.91%
1930 - -1.02%
1931 - -0.68%
1932 - 0.03%
1933 - 0%
1934 - -0.09%
1935 - -0.4%
1936 - -0.45%
1937 - -0.1%
1938 - -0.16%
1939 - -0.32%
1940 - -0.59%
1941 - -0.37%
1942 - -3.62%
1943 - -3.48%
1944 - -3.32%
1945 - -4.4%
1946 - -2.89%
1947 - -0.86%
1948 - -0.82%
1949 - -0.73%
1950 - -1.01%
1951 - -0.5%
1952 - 0.03%
1953 - -1.83%
1954 - -2.61%
1955 - -2.77%
1956 - -2.93%
1957 - -3.35%
1958 - -5.08%
1959 - -5.29%
1960 - -4.05%
1961 - -4.1%
1962 - -3.3%
1963 - -4.16%
1964 - -4.41%
1965 - -4.49%
1966 - -4.18%
1967 - -4.97%
1968 - -3.98%
1969 - -2.66%
1970 - -2.35%
1971 - -2.9%
1972 - -3.14%
1973 - -3.53%
1974 - -2.3%
1975 - -3.11%
1976 - -4.1%
1977 - -4.1%
1978 - -4.45%
1979 - -4.87%
1980 - -7.27%
1981 - -6.07%
1982 - -6.78%
1983 - -7.28%
1984 - -8.54%
1985 - -9.58%
1986 - -10.6%
1987 - -9.53%
1988 - -7.01%
1989 - -7.68%
1990 - -8.07%
1991 - -7.9%
1992 - -7.89%
1993 - -8.57%
1994 - -8%
1995 - -6.81%
1996 4.49% -6.71%
1997 -0.23% -8.28%
1998 -5.1% -9.74%
1999 -8.1% -8.7%
2000 2.02% -8.41%
2001 2.8% -11%
2002 -2.24% -11.1%
2003 -4.1% -11.4%
2004 1.03% -9.22%
2005 6.4% -7.49%
2006 8.42% -6.38%
2007 3.85% -4.59%
2008 -3.8% -9.17%
2009 -6.8% -9.7%
2010 2.98% -8.79%
2011 7.2% -8.35%
2012 3.68% -7.55%
2013 -0.27% -7%
2014 -5.07% -7.07%
2015 -2.57% -7.21%
2016 -3.98% -7.12%
2017 -5.75% -6.23%
2018 2.03% -6.38%
2019 0.69% -7.69%
2020 -1.66% -12.9%
2021 3.4% -9.45%
2022 0.58% -8.97%
2023 -1.88% -7.92%
2024 -1.02% -7.38%
2025 -2.31% -6.86%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 199.9%, compared with 6.42% in India. In 2024, inflation was 21.6% in Angola and 4.95% in India.

Inflation
Angola

India
Year Inflation
Angola India Angola India
1996 4,146% 8.98%
1997 221.5% 7.16%
1998 107.4% 13.2%
1999 248.2% 4.67%
2000 325% 4.01%
2001 152.6% 3.78%
2002 108.9% 4.3%
2003 98.2% 3.81%
2004 43.5% 3.77%
2005 23% 4.25%
2006 13.3% 5.8%
2007 12.2% 6.37%
2008 12.5% 8.35%
2009 13.7% 10.9%
2010 14.5% 12%
2011 13.5% 8.91%
2012 10.3% 9.48%
2013 8.8% 10%
2014 7.3% 6.67%
2015 9.2% 4.91%
2016 30.7% 4.95%
2017 29.8% 3.33%
2018 19.6% 3.94%
2019 17.1% 3.73%
2020 22.3% 6.62%
2021 25.8% 5.13%
2022 21.4% 6.7%
2023 13.6% 5.65%
2024 28.2% 4.95%
2025 21.6% -

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $4.35B
Machinery & equipment $6.47M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.03M
Metals $793K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $41K
Wood & paper products $29K
Raw agricultural goods $19K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
India
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $132M
Machinery & equipment $132M
Raw agricultural goods $126M
Raw materials & minerals $87.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $35.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $30.5M
Metals $27.4M
Wood & paper products $6.39M
Animal & marine products $5.32M
Weapons & explosives $2.09M

Balance of trade

Angola India
Current account balance
$6.31B
2024
-$32.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
30/189
2024
185/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+7.85%
2024
-0.82%
2024
Goods imports
$14.2B
2024
$727B
2024
Goods exports
$36.8B
2024
$447B
2024
Service imports
$8.49B
2024
$197B
2024
Service exports
$129M
2024
$375B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.4%
2024
23.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.9%
2024
21.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola India
Economic freedom 55 53
Economic freedom ranking 130/197 143/197
Property rights 39.9 51.1
Government integrity 28.2 37.6
Judicial effectiveness 25.7 53.2
Tax burden 86.9 71.3
Government spending 89.5 74.2
Fiscal health 89.1 6.2
Business freedom 45.2 72.3
Labor freedom 50.8 59
Monetary freedom 64.2 69.9
Trade freedom 70.4 61
Investment freedom 30 40
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 55, ranking 130/197, compared to 53 for India, ranking 143/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Angola
India
Year Economic freedom index
Angola India
1995 27.4 45.1
1996 24.4 47.4
1997 24.2 49.7
1998 24.9 49.7
1999 23.7 50.2
2000 24.3 47.4
2001 - 49
2002 - 51.2
2003 - 51.2
2004 - 51.5
2005 - 54.2
2006 43.5 52.2
2007 44.7 53.9
2008 46.9 54.1
2009 47 54.4
2010 48.4 53.8
2011 46.2 54.6
2012 46.7 54.6
2013 47.3 55.2
2014 47.7 55.7
2015 47.9 54.6
2016 48.9 56.2
2017 48.5 52.6
2018 48.6 54.5
2019 50.6 55.2
2020 52.2 56.5
2021 54.2 56.5
2022 52.6 53.9
2023 53 52.9
2024 54.3 52.9
2025 55 53

More economic indicators

Angola India
Services, % of GDP
39.3%
2024
49.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
44.2%
2024
24.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.4%
2024
16.4%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$84B
2024
$3.84T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,660
2024
$11,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.2B
2024
$643B
2024
Total reserves ranking
69/177
2024
5/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$27.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$24.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
16.3%
2023
2.29%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
21.9%
2011
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25%
2024
32.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.