Skip to content

Economy of Angola vs Japan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Angola has a GDP of $122B compared to $4.44T for Japan, ranking 68/197 and 4/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $62.7B in government debt (51.3% of GDP), compared to $9.16T (206.5% of GDP) in Japan.

Angola vs Japan GDP by year

Angola
Japan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Japan
2025 $122,174,889,424 $4,435,162,999,977
2024 $103,080,538,044 $4,190,008,188,359
2023 $106,042,349,567 $4,384,854,269,962
2022 $128,233,959,333 $4,447,976,207,315
2021 $78,283,923,544 $5,225,933,520,753
2020 $58,512,033,806 $5,189,197,543,645
2019 $81,193,813,808 $5,245,755,000,479
2018 $90,506,061,877 $5,154,293,721,630
2017 $85,629,598,654 $5,038,231,631,661
2016 $60,770,049,747 $5,110,357,383,254
2015 $102,543,067,841 $4,534,438,580,495
2014 $153,449,860,496 $4,985,763,289,561
2013 $148,845,200,696 $5,272,297,037,397
2012 $143,572,907,528 $6,333,803,928,788
2011 $125,551,634,705 $6,279,422,550,219
2010 $95,546,919,754 $5,811,578,109,447
2009 $81,705,175,409 $5,336,765,697,589
2008 $98,790,432,989 $5,160,197,175,876
2007 $73,037,821,926 $4,624,670,179,655
2006 $58,653,659,980 $4,648,058,930,707
2005 $41,396,636,384 $4,875,648,486,366
2004 $26,997,977,896 $4,941,485,123,807
2003 $20,342,128,112 $4,573,413,206,709
2002 $17,311,512,433 $4,245,946,980,572
2001 $8,936,079,118 $4,438,792,748,062
2000 $9,129,594,970 $5,042,381,838,343
1999 $6,152,923,310 $4,688,983,449,627
1998 $6,506,221,616 $4,150,359,076,370
1997 $7,648,380,196 $4,579,780,793,432
1996 $7,526,421,519 $5,021,441,618,840
1995 $5,538,749,260 $5,639,649,753,986
1994 $4,438,321,017 $5,104,063,486,348
1993 $5,768,720,422 $4,632,480,515,091
1992 $8,307,810,974 $4,064,529,567,505
1991 $10,603,784,541 $3,724,887,648,862
1990 $11,229,515,599 $3,252,994,239,867
1989 $10,201,780,977 $3,174,934,735,896
1988 $8,769,836,769 $3,191,546,727,316
1987 $8,084,412,414 $2,635,094,473,494
1986 $7,072,536,109 $2,164,729,071,349
1985 $7,554,065,410 $1,457,070,301,468
1984 $6,131,475,065 $1,374,165,212,365
1983 $5,784,341,596 $1,297,622,008,229
1982 $5,550,483,036 $1,183,132,285,328
1981 $5,550,483,036 $1,271,443,597,067
1980 $5,930,503,401 $1,153,159,955,513
1979 - $1,100,608,979,757
1978 - $1,057,419,758,047
1977 - $752,590,681,822
1976 - $611,495,350,304
1975 - $544,082,569,364
1974 - $500,355,087,138
1973 - $450,756,970,744
1972 - $331,776,379,992
1971 - $250,530,994,765
1970 - $221,798,003,144
1969 - $188,179,852,753
1968 - $160,201,483,788
1967 - $135,265,319,098
1966 - $115,427,351,851
1965 - $99,387,878,008
1964 - $89,332,989,729
1963 - $75,945,582,324
1962 - $66,356,388,224
1961 - $58,472,696,006
1960 - $48,417,804,545

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Japan by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Japan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,129 - $35,951 -
2024 $2,721 $10,119 $33,797 $52,039
2023 $2,886 $9,754 $35,215 $50,662
2022 $3,599 $9,588 $35,548 $47,192
2021 $2,267 $8,862 $41,581 $44,355
2020 $1,749 $7,827 $41,099 $42,426
2019 $2,508 $8,573 $41,425 $42,678
2018 $2,892 $8,278 $40,645 $42,142
2017 $2,832 $8,007 $39,680 $41,444
2016 $2,082 $7,767 $40,215 $40,597
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $35,665 $40,899
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $39,173 $39,555
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $41,369 $39,402
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $49,627 $37,606
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $49,122 $36,214
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $45,378 $35,336
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $41,678 $33,543
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $40,294 $35,274
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $36,130 $35,015
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $36,354 $33,632
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $38,159 $32,170
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $38,678 $30,832
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $35,809 $29,392
2002 $999 $4,241 $33,316 $28,624
2001 $534 $3,802 $34,910 $27,943
2000 $564 $3,690 $39,753 $27,288
1999 $393 $3,619 $37,029 $25,736
1998 $429 $3,609 $32,835 $25,508
1997 $522 $3,525 $36,331 $25,619
1996 $531 $3,342 $39,930 $24,999
1995 $404 $2,990 $44,947 $23,858
1994 $335 $2,633 $40,774 $22,823
1993 $450 $2,628 $37,111 $22,168
1992 $669 $3,486 $32,667 $21,825
1991 $882 $3,740 $30,048 $21,227
1990 $966 $3,705 $26,345 $19,912
1989 $908 - $25,798 -
1988 $807 - $26,037 -
1987 $770 - $21,587 -
1986 $698 - $17,819 -
1985 $772 - $12,058 -
1984 $650 - $11,443 -
1983 $637 - $10,876 -
1982 $634 - $9,986 -
1981 $658 - $10,806 -
1980 $729 - $9,872 -
1979 - - $9,497 -
1978 - - $9,202 -
1977 - - $6,609 -
1976 - - $5,422 -
1975 - - $4,876 -
1974 - - $4,542 -
1973 - - $4,147 -
1972 - - $3,095 -
1971 - - $2,370 -
1970 - - $2,145 -
1969 - - $1,841 -
1968 - - $1,586 -
1967 - - $1,354 -
1966 - - $1,168 -
1965 - - $1,015 -
1964 - - $922 -
1963 - - $792 -
1962 - - $699 -
1961 - - $622 -
1960 - - $519 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $3,129, ranking 142/197, compared to $35,951 in Japan, ranking 34/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Japan ranks 41st at $52,039.

Economic indicators

Angola Japan
Gross domestic product
$122B
2025
$4.44T
2025
GDP rank
68/197
2025
4/197
2025
GDP growth
3.13%
2024-2025
1.19%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,129
2025
$35,951
2025
GDP per capita rank
142/197
2025
34/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$52,039
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
41/197
2024
Government debt
$62.7B
2025
$9.16T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.3%
2025
206.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,606
2025
$74,248
2025
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2025
3/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,550
2026
$22,962
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$7.61T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,902,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
41
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
24.3%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
2.3%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2025
36.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2024-2025
3.17%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
17.5%
2026
0.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2025
2.5%
2025
Population
40839390
122704252

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Japan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Japan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 18.9% 51.3% 36.9% 206.5%
2024 19% 57.1% 37.3% 214.5%
2023 23.3% 75.7% 37.8% 220.3%
2022 24.8% 57.4% 40.2% 227.8%
2021 22.8% 75.5% 41.3% 222.7%
2020 24.4% 119.8% 43.6% 228.8%
2019 20.9% 100.8% 36.4% 206.3%
2018 17.8% 81.6% 36% 203.7%
2017 20.7% 59.6% 35.9% 203.1%
2016 19.1% 65.7% 36.5% 202.1%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 36.6% 200.1%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 37.8% 203.6%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 38.4% 201.2%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 38.4% 197.1%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 38.4% 190.6%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 37.4% 178.6%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 38.3% 172.9%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 33.7% 153.6%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 32.8% 150.4%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 32.7% 152.1%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 33.2% 153.4%
2004 26% 41.6% 33.3% 148.8%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 34.6% 140.2%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 34.9% 134.6%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 34.7% 126.8%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 35.4% 118.5%
1999 45.7% 104.8% 35.2% 113.5%
1998 30.3% 96.3% 38.1% 101.6%
1997 31.1% 73.5% 32.4% 91.3%
1996 29.3% 92% 33.1% 85.3%
1995 - - 32.8% 80.7%
1994 - - 32.1% 73.3%
1993 - - 31.4% 63.2%
1992 - - 29.6% 57.9%
1991 - - 28.6% 54.1%
1990 - - 28.8% 54.8%
1989 - - 29.2% 65.7%
1988 - - 29.9% 71.9%
1987 - - 30.6% 75.8%
1986 - - 30.4% 74.1%
1985 - - 30.4% 68.3%
1984 - - 31.2% 65.6%
1983 - - 31.8% 63.5%
1982 - - 31.7% 57.7%
1981 - - 31.5% 52.8%
1980 - - 33.5% 47.8%
1979 - - 33.2% 43.8%
1978 - - 32.1% 39%
1977 - - 30.4% 31.1%
1976 - - 29.1% 26.1%
1975 - - 28.5% 20.9%
1974 - - 25.5% 16.7%
1973 - - 23.3% 15.9%
1972 - - 23.1% 16.3%
1971 - - 21.8% 12.6%
1970 - - 20.2% 11.2%
1969 - - 19.8% 11.4%
1968 - - 20.1% 11.8%
1967 - - 19.9% 11.4%
1966 - - 20.8% 11.2%
1965 - - 20.4% 9.78%
1964 - - 19.8% 8.53%
1963 - - 20% 8.66%
1962 - - 19.4% 9.01%
1961 - - 18.2% 8.44%
1960 - - 18.4% 10.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government spending was $23B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while Japan spent $1.63T, or 36.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.3% in Angola and 206.5% in Japan, ranking 103/185 and 3/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Japan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Japan
2025 -4.07% -1.05%
2024 -1.19% -1.67%
2023 -2.49% -2.39%
2022 1.78% -4.23%
2021 1.35% -6.32%
2020 -3.05% -9.04%
2019 -0.2% -3.05%
2018 2% -2.44%
2017 -5.68% -3.05%
2016 -3.93% -3.58%
2015 -2.58% -3.64%
2014 -5.08% -5.58%
2013 -0.28% -7.62%
2012 3.67% -8.22%
2011 7.17% -9.02%
2010 2.96% -9.05%
2009 -6.83% -9.62%
2008 -3.82% -4.07%
2007 3.81% -2.86%
2006 8.42% -3%
2005 6.4% -4.39%
2004 1.03% -5.26%
2003 -4.1% -7.35%
2002 -2.24% -7.22%
2001 2.8% -6.11%
2000 2.02% -7.17%
1999 -9.4% -6.68%
1998 -5.92% -9.91%
1997 -0.27% -3.44%
1996 5.22% -4.75%
1995 - -4.22%
1994 - -3.7%
1993 - -2.34%
1992 - 0.56%
1991 - 1.64%
1990 - 1.91%
1989 - 1.23%
1988 - 0.49%
1987 - -0.36%
1986 - -1.36%
1985 - -1.37%
1984 - -2.62%
1983 - -3.95%
1982 - -3.81%
1981 - -3.85%
1980 - -4.66%
1979 - -5%
1978 - -5.79%
1977 - -4.02%
1976 - -3.89%
1975 - -2.92%
1974 - 0.38%
1973 - 0.56%
1972 - -0.13%
1971 - 1.21%
1970 - 1.74%
1969 - 1.26%
1968 - 0.88%
1967 - 0.8%
1966 - -0.34%
1965 - 0.48%
1964 - 0.85%
1963 - 1.08%
1962 - 1.49%
1961 - 2.58%
1960 - 1.85%
1959 - 0.97%
1958 - -0.1%
1957 - 1.27%
1956 - 1.39%
1955 - -0.67%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.65%
1952 - 2.22%
1951 - 5.06%
1950 - 6.99%
1949 - 12.5%
1948 - 7.53%
1947 - 6.09%
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - 0.32%
1942 - -0.13%
1941 - -0.19%
1940 - 0.31%
1939 - 0.11%
1938 - 0.45%
1937 - 0.71%
1936 - 0.34%
1935 - 0.26%
1934 - 0.34%
1933 - 0.28%
1932 - 0.31%
1931 - 0.23%
1930 - 0.19%
1929 - 0.5%
1928 - 0.42%
1927 - 0.58%
1926 - 0.65%
1925 - 0.75%
1924 - 0.84%
1923 - 0.87%
1922 - 0.89%
1921 - 1.43%
1920 - 1.19%
1919 - 1.21%
1918 - 1.58%
1917 - 1.54%
1916 - 1.37%
1915 - 1.41%
1914 - 1.31%
1913 - 1.21%
1912 - 1.27%
1911 - 1.21%
1910 - 1.57%
1909 - 1.51%
1908 - 1.63%
1907 - 1.77%
1906 - 0.46%
1905 - -0.68%
1904 - -0.81%
1903 - 0.19%
1902 - 0.44%
1901 - 0.21%
1900 - 0.53%
1899 - 0.2%
1898 - 0.6%
1897 - 0.33%
1896 - 0.88%
1895 - 0.28%
1894 - -0.24%
1893 - 0.6%
1892 - 0.63%
1891 - 0.61%
1890 - 0.74%
1889 - 0.18%
1888 - 0.13%
1887 - 0.11%
1886 - 0.03%
1885 - 0.01%
1884 - 0.001%
1883 - 0.03%
1882 - 0.001%
1881 - 0.001%
1880 - 0.004%
1879 - 0.02%
1878 - 0.02%
1877 - -0.29%
1876 - -0.42%
1875 - 0.005%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.97B, equivalent to 4.07% of GDP. This compares to Japan's deficit of $46.7B, or 1.05% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Japan ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.39% of GDP for Japan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Japan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Japan
2025 20.2% 3.17%
2024 28.2% 2.74%
2023 13.6% 3.27%
2022 21.4% 2.5%
2021 25.8% -0.23%
2020 22.3% -0.02%
2019 17.1% 0.47%
2018 19.6% 0.99%
2017 29.8% 0.48%
2016 30.7% -0.13%
2015 9.2% 0.8%
2014 7.3% 2.76%
2013 8.8% 0.34%
2012 10.3% -0.04%
2011 13.5% -0.27%
2010 14.5% -0.73%
2009 13.7% -1.35%
2008 12.5% 1.38%
2007 12.2% 0.06%
2006 13.3% 0.25%
2005 23% -0.28%
2004 43.5% -0.009%
2003 98.2% -0.26%
2002 108.9% -0.92%
2001 152.6% -0.74%
2000 325% -0.68%
1999 248.2% -0.34%
1998 107.4% 0.66%
1997 221.5% 1.75%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 57.7%, compared with 0.54% in Japan. In 2025, inflation was 20.2% in Angola and 3.17% in Japan.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $2.39M
Animal & marine products $850K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $244K
Machinery & equipment $127K
Textiles & consumer goods $9K
Wood & paper products $3K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $41.2M
Raw materials & minerals $5.74M
Metals $2.67M
Chemicals & pharma $2.05M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.34M
Miscellaneous $1.01M
Textiles & consumer goods $504K
Wood & paper products $317K
Animal & marine products $72K
Raw agricultural goods $6K

Balance of trade

Angola Japan
Current account balance
$536M
2025
$216B
2025
Current account balance ranking
57/190
2025
3/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.44%
2025
+4.86%
2025
Goods imports
$15.5B
2025
$729B
2025
Goods exports
$30.6B
2025
$725B
2025
Service imports
$8.51B
2025
$269B
2025
Service exports
$118M
2025
$246B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.7%
2025
22.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23%
2025
22%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Japan
Economic freedom 54.4 70.3
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 36/197
Property rights 36.9 94.2
Government integrity 28.3 81.1
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 97.9
Tax burden 86.9 63
Government spending 89.3 52
Fiscal health 91.9 41.7
Business freedom 42.8 77.8
Labor freedom 50.8 65.9
Monetary freedom 59 74.3
Trade freedom 70.4 76.2
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Japan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Japan
2026 54.4 70.3
2025 55 70.2
2024 54.3 67.5
2023 53 69.3
2022 52.6 69.9
2021 54.2 74.1
2020 52.2 73.3
2019 50.6 72.1
2018 48.6 72.3
2017 48.5 69.6
2016 48.9 73.1
2015 47.9 73.3
2014 47.7 72.4
2013 47.3 71.8
2012 46.7 71.6
2011 46.2 72.8
2010 48.4 72.9
2009 47 72.8
2008 46.9 73
2007 44.7 72.7
2006 43.5 73.3
2005 - 67.3
2004 - 64.3
2003 - 67.6
2002 - 66.7
2001 - 70.9
2000 24.3 70.7
1999 23.7 69.1
1998 24.9 70.2
1997 24.2 70.3
1996 24.4 72.6
1995 27.4 75

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 70.3 for Japan, ranking 36/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Japan
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2025
71.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
26.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
0.96%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$112B
2025
$4.73T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,840
2025
$58,920
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2025
$1.37T
2025
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2025
3/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2025
$172B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$207B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
16.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
27.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/japan | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.