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Economy of Angola vs Belgium compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Angola has a GDP of $101B compared to $671B for Belgium, ranking 71/197 and 23/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $60.5B in government debt (59.9% of GDP), compared to $703B (104.7% of GDP) in Belgium.

Angola vs Belgium GDP by year

Angola
Belgium
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola Belgium
2024 $100,998,916,781 $671,370,081,636
2023 $107,167,747,140 $651,330,595,110
2022 $131,212,208,930 $591,085,783,326
2021 $79,559,543,805 $598,522,422,242
2020 $58,852,456,454 $529,694,473,502
2019 $80,734,428,593 $536,726,344,405
2018 $89,512,794,227 $542,638,913,428
2017 $84,376,935,689 $500,908,767,352
2016 $59,878,249,719 $474,271,566,740
2015 $102,543,067,841 $461,044,767,545
2014 $153,449,860,496 $537,987,419,164
2013 $148,845,200,697 $524,097,026,599
2012 $143,572,907,528 $498,414,364,945
2011 $125,551,634,704 $527,196,649,049
2010 $95,546,919,755 $481,556,503,720
2009 $81,705,175,408 $485,014,525,992
2008 $98,790,432,989 $517,328,087,920
2007 $73,037,821,927 $470,922,156,309
2006 $58,653,659,980 $408,259,840,869
2005 $41,396,636,383 $385,714,762,230
2004 $26,997,977,897 $369,214,712,443
2003 $20,342,128,112 $318,082,528,507
2002 $17,311,512,432 $258,383,599,375
2001 $8,936,079,118 $236,746,141,604
2000 $9,129,594,970 $236,792,460,312
1999 $6,152,923,310 $258,245,733,221
1998 $6,506,221,616 $258,528,339,631
1997 $7,648,380,196 $252,708,051,421
1996 $7,526,421,519 $279,201,433,225
1995 $5,538,749,260 $288,025,588,396
1994 $4,438,321,017 $244,884,129,491
1993 $5,768,720,422 $224,721,795,709
1992 $8,307,810,974 $234,781,652,447
1991 $10,603,784,541 $210,510,999,409
1990 $11,229,515,599 $205,331,747,948
1989 $10,201,780,977 $164,221,056,511
1988 $8,769,836,769 $162,299,103,675
1987 $8,084,412,414 $149,394,404,106
1986 $7,072,536,109 $120,018,787,249
1985 $7,554,065,410 $86,268,264,148
1984 $6,131,475,065 $83,349,530,159
1983 $5,784,341,596 $87,184,239,053
1982 $5,550,483,036 $92,095,926,188
1981 $5,550,483,036 $104,730,018,470
1980 $5,930,503,401 $126,829,314,388
1979 - $116,315,456,797
1978 - $101,246,526,194
1977 - $82,839,905,459
1976 - $71,113,882,968
1975 - $65,678,189,097
1974 - $56,033,077,879
1973 - $47,743,801,490
1972 - $37,209,418,019
1971 - $29,821,661,870
1970 - $26,706,196,047
1969 - $24,019,653,475
1968 - $21,654,856,965
1967 - $20,252,508,995
1966 - $18,894,891,312
1965 - $17,597,783,297
1964 - $16,168,044,450
1963 - $14,445,805,381
1962 - $13,436,827,167
1961 - $12,561,701,694
1960 - $11,810,619,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs Belgium by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola Belgium
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,666 $10,119 $56,615 $73,514
2023 $2,916 $9,754 $55,291 $71,946
2022 $3,682 $9,588 $50,606 $69,128
2021 $2,304 $8,862 $51,658 $60,669
2020 $1,759 $7,827 $45,906 $56,120
2019 $2,494 $8,573 $46,717 $56,712
2018 $2,860 $8,278 $47,487 $52,467
2017 $2,791 $8,007 $44,035 $50,256
2016 $2,052 $7,767 $41,855 $48,415
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $40,894 $46,072
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $47,996 $45,148
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $46,965 $43,864
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $44,874 $42,484
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $47,761 $41,245
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $44,197 $39,840
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $44,923 $37,906
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $48,303 $37,883
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $44,319 $36,798
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $38,705 $35,251
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $36,810 $33,178
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $35,429 $32,060
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $30,655 $30,931
2002 $999 $4,241 $25,006 $30,282
2001 $534 $3,802 $23,015 $28,794
2000 $564 $3,690 $23,099 $27,794
1999 $393 $3,619 $25,253 $25,441
1998 $429 $3,609 $25,338 $24,370
1997 $522 $3,525 $24,821 $23,733
1996 $531 $3,342 $27,490 $22,745
1995 $404 $2,990 $28,414 $22,446
1994 $335 $2,633 $24,209 $21,518
1993 $450 $2,628 $22,284 $20,473
1992 $669 $3,486 $23,373 $20,272
1991 $882 $3,740 $21,042 $19,601
1990 $966 $3,705 $20,600 $18,688
1989 $908 - $16,525 -
1988 $807 - $16,391 -
1987 $770 - $15,136 -
1986 $698 - $12,170 -
1985 $772 - $8,751 -
1984 $650 - $8,457 -
1983 $637 - $8,846 -
1982 $634 - $9,344 -
1981 $658 - $10,623 -
1980 $729 - $12,864 -
1979 - - $11,811 -
1978 - - $10,290 -
1977 - - $8,427 -
1976 - - $7,243 -
1975 - - $6,701 -
1974 - - $5,734 -
1973 - - $4,901 -
1972 - - $3,832 -
1971 - - $3,083 -
1970 - - $2,766 -
1969 - - $2,490 -
1968 - - $2,251 -
1967 - - $2,114 -
1966 - - $1,983 -
1965 - - $1,860 -
1964 - - $1,724 -
1963 - - $1,555 -
1962 - - $1,457 -
1961 - - $1,368 -
1960 - - $1,290 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $2,666, ranking 144/197, compared to $56,615 in Belgium, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514.

Economic indicators

Angola Belgium
Gross domestic product
$101B
2024
$671B
2024
GDP rank
71/197
2024
23/197
2024
GDP growth
4.42%
2023-2024
1.07%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,666
2024
$56,615
2024
GDP per capita rank
144/197
2024
18/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$73,514
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
21/197
2024
Government debt
$60.5B
2024
$703B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.9%
2024
104.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,597
2024
$59,278
2024
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2024
5/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$28,080
2026
$35,259
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$321B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
549,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
11
2025
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
22.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.4%
2024
54.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
28.2%
2023-2024
3.14%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
18%
2023
n/a
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2022
5.7%
2024
Population
40555924
11902714

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
Belgium
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola Belgium
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.4% 59.9% 54.5% 104.7%
2023 18.8% 72.4% 53.3% 103.2%
2022 19.5% 56.1% 52.3% 102.7%
2021 17.3% 74.3% 54.9% 108.5%
2020 20% 119.1% 58.5% 111.2%
2019 18.2% 101.4% 51.8% 97.6%
2018 18.3% 82.5% 52.5% 100.1%
2017 21% 60.5% 52.3% 102.5%
2016 19.4% 66.7% 53.4% 105.5%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 53.9% 105.6%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 55.4% 106.6%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 55.9% 105%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 56.2% 104.3%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 55% 102.7%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 53.9% 100.2%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 54.5% 99.9%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 50.8% 93.2%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 48.6% 87.3%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 48.8% 91.5%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 51.9% 95.1%
2004 26% 41.6% 49.3% 97.2%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 51% 101.7%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 49.9% 105.4%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 49.4% 108.2%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 49.4% 109.6%
1999 39.4% 104.8% 50.5% 115.4%
1998 26.1% 96.3% 51% 119.2%
1997 26.8% 73.5% 51.6% 124.3%
1996 25.2% 92% 53.1% 129%
1995 - - 52.6% 131.3%
1994 - - 54.7% 137.1%
1993 - - 57.1% 138.9%
1992 - - 55.9% 134.7%
1991 - - 55.6% 131.8%
1990 - - 54.4% 130.3%
1989 - - 52.3% 126.4%
1988 - - 53.9% 129.7%
1987 - - 55.8% 129.2%
1986 - - 57.6% 124.7%
1985 - - 58.4% 119.4%
1984 - - 59.1% 114.6%
1983 - - 62.2% 110.3%
1982 - - 59.6% 99.6%
1981 - - 61.5% 89.7%
1980 - - 54.9% 76.8%
1979 - - 54.8% 69.2%
1978 - - 52.8% 65.2%
1977 - - 52.2% 61.6%
1976 - - 50.4% 61.4%
1975 - - 50.2% 59.5%
1974 - - 44.5% 61.7%
1973 - - 45% 63.7%
1972 - - 45% 64.9%
1971 - - 43.9% 63.5%
1970 - - 42.7% 66.6%
1969 - - 26.5% 51.6%
1968 - - 26.7% 54.5%
1967 - - 25.5% 54.1%
1966 - - 25.1% 55.6%
1965 - - 23.4% 57.6%
1964 - - 22.5% 59.4%
1963 - - 23.1% 64.1%
1962 - - 22.5% 65.3%
1961 - - 22.1% 67.8%
1960 - - 23.7% 69.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government spending was $18.6B, accounting for 18.4% of its GDP, while Belgium spent $366B, or 54.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.9% in Angola and 104.7% in Belgium, ranking 78/185 and 19/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

Belgium
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola Belgium
2024 -1.01% -4.52%
2023 -1.83% -4.1%
2022 0.58% -3.62%
2021 3.4% -5.4%
2020 -1.66% -9.03%
2019 0.69% -2.05%
2018 2.03% -1.05%
2017 -5.75% -0.76%
2016 -3.98% -2.43%
2015 -2.57% -2.48%
2014 -5.07% -3.18%
2013 -0.27% -3.16%
2012 3.68% -4.35%
2011 7.2% -4.44%
2010 2.98% -4.13%
2009 -6.8% -5.45%
2008 -3.8% -1.1%
2007 3.85% 0.07%
2006 8.42% 0.24%
2005 6.4% -2.72%
2004 1.03% -0.24%
2003 -4.1% -1.86%
2002 -2.24% -0.04%
2001 2.8% 0.23%
2000 2.02% -0.08%
1999 -8.1% -0.65%
1998 -5.1% -1.03%
1997 -0.23% -2.15%
1996 4.49% -4%
1995 - -4.51%
1994 - -5.29%
1993 - -7.71%
1992 - -8.42%
1991 - -7.67%
1990 - -6.99%
1989 - -7.58%
1988 - -7.28%
1987 - -7.89%
1986 - -9.96%
1985 - -10.1%
1984 - -10.8%
1983 - -14.5%
1982 - -12.3%
1981 - -15.5%
1980 - -9.43%
1979 - -8.33%
1978 - -6.51%
1977 - -6.51%
1976 - -6.61%
1975 - -6.45%
1974 - -3.87%
1973 - -5.02%
1972 - -6.07%
1971 - -4.45%
1970 - -3.51%
1969 - -3.34%
1968 - -3.69%
1967 - -2.76%
1966 - -3.08%
1965 - -2.9%
1964 - -2.27%
1963 - -2.8%
1962 - -2.12%
1961 - -2.34%
1960 - -4.89%
1959 - -5.21%
1958 - -4.33%
1957 - -1.27%
1956 - 1.85%
1955 - -1.05%
1954 - 2.34%
1953 - 0.14%
1952 - -0.26%
1951 - 0.59%
1950 - -2.01%
1949 - -2.05%
1948 - -2.29%
1947 - -14.5%
1946 - 1.87%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -5.81%
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -6.86%
1938 - -5.17%
1937 - -4.71%
1936 - -4.92%
1935 - -5.94%
1934 - -2.78%
1933 - -1.69%
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 - -2.48%
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 - 3.06%
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -5.53%
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -1.4%
1912 - -1.39%
1911 - -0.92%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - 0.13%
1908 - -0.95%
1907 - -0.81%
1906 - -1.35%
1905 - 1.23%
1904 - 0.004%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - 0.22%
1901 - 0.55%
1900 - -0.54%
1899 - -1.64%
1898 - -0.28%
1897 - -0.25%
1896 - 0.94%
1895 - -0.33%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - 0.07%
1892 - 0.17%
1891 - -0.005%
1890 - -0.83%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - -0.21%
1887 - -0.12%
1886 - 0.54%
1885 - -0.43%
1884 - -0.26%
1883 - -0.54%
1882 - -0.3%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - 0.12%
1879 - -1.51%
1878 - -1.78%
1877 - -2.52%
1876 - -0.77%
1875 - -0.88%
1874 - -1.02%
1873 - -2.08%
1872 - -0.7%
1871 - -0.64%
1870 - -0.58%
1869 - -0.35%
1868 - -0.39%
1867 - -0.49%
1866 - -0.87%
1865 - -0.55%
1864 - -0.62%
1863 - -0.72%
1862 - -0.49%
1861 - -0.22%
1860 - -0.13%
1859 - 0.1%
1858 - 0.35%
1857 - 0%
1856 - -0.26%
1855 - -0.28%
1854 - -0.4%
1853 - -0.3%
1852 - -0.44%
1851 - -0.05%
1850 - -0.11%
1849 - 0.11%
1848 - -1.41%
1847 - -0.69%
1846 - -0.52%
1845 - -1.17%
1844 - -4.92%
1843 - -0.86%
1842 - -0.89%
1841 - -0.75%
1840 - 0.16%
1839 - -0.43%
1838 - 0.23%
1837 - -0.11%
1836 - 0.18%
1835 - 0.27%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

In 2024, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.02B, equivalent to 1.01% of GDP. This compares to Belgium's deficit of $30.3B, or 4.52% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Belgium ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.53% of GDP for Belgium.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

Belgium
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola Belgium
2024 28.2% 3.14%
2023 13.6% 4.05%
2022 21.4% 9.6%
2021 25.8% 2.44%
2020 22.3% 0.74%
2019 17.1% 1.44%
2018 19.6% 2.05%
2017 29.8% 2.13%
2016 30.7% 1.97%
2015 9.2% 0.56%
2014 7.3% 0.34%
2013 8.8% 1.11%
2012 10.3% 2.84%
2011 13.5% 3.53%
2010 14.5% 2.19%
2009 13.7% -0.05%
2008 12.5% 4.49%
2007 12.2% 1.82%
2006 13.3% 1.79%
2005 23% 2.78%
2004 43.5% 2.1%
2003 98.2% 1.59%
2002 108.9% 1.65%
2001 152.6% 2.47%
2000 325% 2.54%
1999 248.2% 1.12%
1998 107.4% 0.95%
1997 221.5% 1.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 59%, compared with 2.25% in Belgium. In 2024, inflation was 28.2% in Angola and 3.14% in Belgium.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $289M
Machinery & equipment $13.8M
Raw materials & minerals $10.1M
Raw agricultural goods $594K
Metals $221K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $98K
Textiles & consumer goods $98K
Wood & paper products $17K
Chemicals & pharma $14K
Animal & marine products $2K
Belgium
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $234M
Chemicals & pharma $54.6M
Machinery & equipment $53.8M
Raw agricultural goods $23.2M
Metals $22.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.86M
Wood & paper products $3.67M
Animal & marine products $3.49M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.96M
Miscellaneous $179K

Balance of trade

Angola Belgium
Current account balance
$6.31B
2024
-$2.54B
2024
Current account balance ranking
30/190
2024
151/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.25%
2024
-0.38%
2024
Goods imports
$14.2B
2024
$370B
2024
Goods exports
$36.8B
2024
$382B
2024
Service imports
$8.49B
2024
$164B
2024
Service exports
$129M
2024
$150B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
79.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.5%
2024
79.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola Belgium
Economic freedom 54.4 69.2
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 42/197
Property rights 36.9 91.1
Government integrity 28.3 78.2
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 91.6
Tax burden 86.9 50.6
Government spending 89.3 14.6
Fiscal health 91.9 53.4
Business freedom 42.8 82.5
Labor freedom 50.8 57.5
Monetary freedom 59 76.8
Trade freedom 70.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
Belgium
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola Belgium
2026 54.4 69.2
2025 55 69
2024 54.3 65.6
2023 53 67.1
2022 52.6 69.6
2021 54.2 70.1
2020 52.2 68.9
2019 50.6 67.3
2018 48.6 67.5
2017 48.5 67.8
2016 48.9 68.4
2015 47.9 68.8
2014 47.7 69.9
2013 47.3 69.2
2012 46.7 69
2011 46.2 70.2
2010 48.4 70.1
2009 47 72.1
2008 46.9 71.7
2007 44.7 72.5
2006 43.5 71.8
2005 - 69
2004 - 68.7
2003 - 68.1
2002 - 67.6
2001 - 63.8
2000 24.3 63.5
1999 23.7 62.9
1998 24.9 64.7
1997 24.2 64.6
1996 24.4 66
1995 27.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/belgium | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 69.2 for Belgium, ranking 42/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola Belgium
Services, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
71%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
34.6%
2024
18.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
22.1%
2024
0.79%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$108B
2024
$656B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,460
2024
$74,770
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.2B
2024
$41.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
69/177
2024
49/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
$46.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
-$41.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
$4.71B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.5%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
12.3%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.4%
2024
24.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.