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Economy of Angola vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Angola has a GDP of $122B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 68/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Angola has $62.7B in government debt (51.3% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Angola vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Angola
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Angola United Kingdom
2025 $122,174,889,424 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $103,080,538,044 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $106,042,349,567 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $128,233,959,333 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $78,283,923,544 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $58,512,033,806 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $81,193,813,808 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $90,506,061,877 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $85,629,598,654 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $60,770,049,747 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $102,543,067,841 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $153,449,860,496 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $148,845,200,696 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $143,572,907,528 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $125,551,634,705 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $95,546,919,754 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $81,705,175,409 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $98,790,432,989 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $73,037,821,926 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $58,653,659,980 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $41,396,636,384 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $26,997,977,896 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $20,342,128,112 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $17,311,512,433 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $8,936,079,118 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $9,129,594,970 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $6,152,923,310 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $6,506,221,616 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $7,648,380,196 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $7,526,421,519 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $5,538,749,260 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $4,438,321,017 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $5,768,720,422 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $8,307,810,974 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $10,603,784,541 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $11,229,515,599 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $10,201,780,977 $926,884,816,754
1988 $8,769,836,769 $910,122,732,124
1987 $8,084,412,414 $745,162,608,269
1986 $7,072,536,109 $601,452,653,181
1985 $7,554,065,410 $489,285,164,271
1984 $6,131,475,065 $461,487,097,632
1983 $5,784,341,596 $489,618,008,186
1982 $5,550,483,036 $515,048,916,841
1981 $5,550,483,036 $540,765,675,241
1980 $5,930,503,401 $564,947,710,899
1979 - $438,994,070,309
1978 - $335,883,029,722
1977 - $263,066,457,352
1976 - $232,614,555,256
1975 - $241,756,637,168
1974 - $206,131,369,799
1973 - $192,537,971,583
1972 - $169,965,034,965
1971 - $148,113,896,325
1970 - $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Angola vs United Kingdom by year

Angola
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Angola United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,129 - $57,602 -
2024 $2,721 $10,119 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $2,886 $9,754 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $3,599 $9,588 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $2,267 $8,862 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $1,749 $7,827 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $2,508 $8,573 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $2,892 $8,278 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $2,832 $8,007 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $2,082 $7,767 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $3,642 $8,067 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $5,650 $9,018 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $5,689 $8,504 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $5,702 $8,246 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $5,184 $7,538 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $4,102 $7,412 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $3,645 $7,228 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $4,578 $7,316 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $3,515 $6,728 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $2,930 $6,018 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $2,146 $5,416 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $1,451 $4,771 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $1,134 $4,322 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $999 $4,241 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $534 $3,802 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $564 $3,690 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $393 $3,619 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $429 $3,609 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $522 $3,525 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $531 $3,342 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $404 $2,990 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $335 $2,633 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $450 $2,628 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $669 $3,486 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $882 $3,740 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $966 $3,705 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $908 - $16,239 -
1988 $807 - $15,987 -
1987 $770 - $13,119 -
1986 $698 - $10,611 -
1985 $772 - $8,652 -
1984 $650 - $8,179 -
1983 $637 - $8,692 -
1982 $634 - $9,146 -
1981 $658 - $9,599 -
1980 $729 - $10,032 -
1979 - - $7,805 -
1978 - - $5,977 -
1977 - - $4,681 -
1976 - - $4,138 -
1975 - - $4,300 -
1974 - - $3,666 -
1973 - - $3,426 -
1972 - - $3,030 -
1971 - - $2,650 -
1970 - - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

Angola's GDP per capita is $3,129, ranking 142/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Angola ranks 133rd at $10,119, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Angola United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$122B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
68/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
3.13%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,129
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
142/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,119
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
133/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$62.7B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.3%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,606
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
127/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,550
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.6%
2018
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2018
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2024-2025
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
17.5%
2026
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2025
4.9%
2025
Population
40839390
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Angola
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Angola United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 18.9% 51.3% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 19% 57.1% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 23.3% 75.7% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 24.8% 57.4% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 22.8% 75.5% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 24.4% 119.8% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 20.9% 100.8% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 17.8% 81.6% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 20.7% 59.6% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 19.1% 65.7% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 23.9% 50.4% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 32.3% 35.3% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 32.9% 29.5% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 33.2% 23.8% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 33.3% 26.3% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 34.6% 32.6% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 38.7% 48.4% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 47.2% 28.1% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 34.1% 18.8% 38.4% 43%
2006 27.3% 16.7% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 23.7% 29.9% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 26% 41.6% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 30.1% 50.8% 37% 36.6%
2002 27.6% 65.1% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 30.3% 100.2% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 35.8% 118.2% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 45.7% 104.8% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 30.3% 96.3% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 31.1% 73.5% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 29.3% 92% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 - - 37.5% 43.5%
1994 - - 37.4% 40.6%
1993 - - 37.6% 37.8%
1992 - - 37.7% 33.1%
1991 - - 35.7% 28.4%
1990 - - 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government spending was $23B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.3% in Angola and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 103/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Angola

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Angola United Kingdom
2025 -4.07% -5.38%
2024 -1.19% -6.06%
2023 -2.49% -6.05%
2022 1.78% -4.6%
2021 1.35% -7.54%
2020 -3.05% -12.9%
2019 -0.2% -2.38%
2018 2% -2.23%
2017 -5.68% -2.48%
2016 -3.93% -3.28%
2015 -2.58% -4.53%
2014 -5.08% -5.47%
2013 -0.28% -5.29%
2012 3.67% -7.96%
2011 7.17% -7.42%
2010 2.96% -9.25%
2009 -6.83% -9.97%
2008 -3.82% -5.05%
2007 3.81% -2.63%
2006 8.42% -2.74%
2005 6.4% -3.13%
2004 1.03% -3.14%
2003 -4.1% -3.19%
2002 -2.24% -1.95%
2001 2.8% 0.34%
2000 2.02% 1.4%
1999 -9.4% 0.76%
1998 -5.92% -0.21%
1997 -0.27% -2%
1996 5.22% -3.63%
1995 - -4.97%
1994 - -5.72%
1993 - -6.6%
1992 - -5.39%
1991 - -2.76%
1990 - -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Angola's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.97B, equivalent to 4.07% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Angola recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Angola posted an annual deficit equal to 0.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.27% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Angola

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Angola United Kingdom
2025 20.2% 3.88%
2024 28.2% 3.27%
2023 13.6% 6.79%
2022 21.4% 7.92%
2021 25.8% 2.52%
2020 22.3% 0.99%
2019 17.1% 1.74%
2018 19.6% 2.29%
2017 29.8% 2.56%
2016 30.7% 1.01%
2015 9.2% 0.37%
2014 7.3% 1.45%
2013 8.8% 2.29%
2012 10.3% 2.57%
2011 13.5% 3.86%
2010 14.5% 2.49%
2009 13.7% 1.96%
2008 12.5% 3.52%
2007 12.2% 2.39%
2006 13.3% 2.46%
2005 23% 2.09%
2004 43.5% 1.39%
2003 98.2% 1.38%
2002 108.9% 1.52%
2001 152.6% 1.53%
2000 325% 1.18%
1999 248.2% 1.75%
1998 107.4% 1.82%
1997 221.5% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Angola has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 57.7%, compared with 2.46% in the United Kingdom. In 2025, inflation was 20.2% in Angola and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Angola
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $481M
Machinery & equipment $60M
Metals $8.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $565K
Chemicals & pharma $218K
Weapons & explosives $53K
Miscellaneous $14K
Wood & paper products $5K
Animal & marine products $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $342M
Metals $73.7M
Chemicals & pharma $38.2M
Raw materials & minerals $15.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.96M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.76M
Animal & marine products $1.9M
Raw agricultural goods $1.12M
Wood & paper products $674K
Miscellaneous $472K

Balance of trade

Angola United Kingdom
Current account balance
$536M
2025
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
57/190
2025
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.44%
2025
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$15.5B
2025
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$30.6B
2025
$506B
2025
Service imports
$8.51B
2025
$450B
2025
Service exports
$118M
2025
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.7%
2025
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23%
2025
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Angola United Kingdom
Economic freedom 54.4 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 133/197 35/197
Property rights 36.9 93.6
Government integrity 28.3 83
Judicial effectiveness 26.3 83.1
Tax burden 86.9 61.7
Government spending 89.3 41.1
Fiscal health 91.9 32.4
Business freedom 42.8 83.6
Labor freedom 50.8 61.2
Monetary freedom 59 71.9
Trade freedom 70.4 82.8
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Angola
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Angola United Kingdom
2026 54.4 70.4
2025 55 69.3
2024 54.3 68.6
2023 53 69.9
2022 52.6 72.7
2021 54.2 78.4
2020 52.2 79.3
2019 50.6 78.9
2018 48.6 78
2017 48.5 76.4
2016 48.9 76.4
2015 47.9 75.8
2014 47.7 74.9
2013 47.3 74.8
2012 46.7 74.1
2011 46.2 74.5
2010 48.4 76.5
2009 47 79
2008 46.9 79.4
2007 44.7 79.9
2006 43.5 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 24.3 77.3
1999 23.7 76.2
1998 24.9 76.5
1997 24.2 76.4
1996 24.4 76.4
1995 27.4 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/angola/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Angola is 54.4, ranking 133/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Angola United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$112B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,840
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$13.5B
2025
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2025
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2025
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.11B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$33.1M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.3%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.6%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10.6%
2024
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.