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Mongolia vs Tonga statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Mongolia has a population of 3.52M (ranked 132/197), compared with 104K in Tonga (ranked 183/197). Mongolia's land area is 601,740 sq mi versus 278 sq mi for Tonga (ranked 18th vs. 176th).

By GDP, Mongolia ranks 121/197 ($23.8B) and Tonga ranks 191/197 ($591M). By GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 105/197 ($6,751), while Tonga ranks 115/197 ($5,652).

Main facts and rankings

Mongolia Tonga
Population
3620317
103309
Population rank 132/197 183/197
GDP
$23.8B
2024
$591M
2023
GDP rank 121/197 191/197
GDP per capita
$6,751
2024
$5,652
2023
GDP per capita rank 105/197 115/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$19,145
2024
$7,803
2023
Government debt
$10.5B
2024
$256M
2023
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.1%
2024
37%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,974
2024
$2,445
2023
Government debt per person rank 101/185 111/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,311
2026
$3,886
2026
Land area 601,740 sq mi 278 sq mi
Population density
6 ppl/mi²
2026
372 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
2.7
2023
3.13
2023
Median age
27.8 years
2024
21.9 years
2024
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
73.4 years
2026

Mongolia and Tonga: Comparison Charts

Mongolia and Tonga economies compared

GDP
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year GDP
Mongolia Tonga
2024 $23,794,540,025 -
2023 $20,325,121,394 $591,139,749
2022 $17,146,471,714 $556,514,555
2021 $15,286,441,738 $519,306,353
2020 $13,312,981,429 $506,571,468
2019 $14,206,359,018 $506,031,239
2018 $13,178,094,720 $493,530,783
2017 $11,480,847,741 $459,976,850
2016 $11,181,350,649 $420,828,262
2015 $11,619,892,591 $437,525,514
2014 $12,226,514,668 $440,997,738
2013 $12,582,122,604 $451,788,498
2012 $12,292,770,632 $471,122,971
2011 $10,409,797,378 $414,143,828
2010 $7,189,481,999 $366,887,375
2009 $4,583,850,368 $312,415,028
2008 $5,623,216,608 $344,438,844
2007 $4,234,999,704 $298,519,623
2006 $3,414,055,662 $292,232,703
2005 $2,523,471,601 $261,823,805
2004 $1,992,066,808 $230,678,011
2003 $1,595,297,356 $202,246,591
2002 $1,396,555,720 $182,764,281
2001 $1,267,997,934 $181,117,230
2000 $1,136,896,124 $204,848,488
1999 $1,057,408,589 $199,208,718
1998 $1,124,440,205 $191,504,893
1997 $1,180,934,203 $214,991,452
1996 $1,345,719,472 $222,100,576
1995 $1,452,165,005 $208,871,666
1994 $925,817,092 $195,990,986
1993 $768,401,634 $138,489,884
1992 $1,317,611,864 $137,066,291
1991 $2,379,018,326 $132,201,141
1990 $2,560,785,660 $113,563,822
1989 $3,576,966,800 $106,344,855
1988 $3,204,461,567 $106,657,267
1987 $3,020,611,600 $81,667,133
1986 $2,896,178,867 $68,195,856
1985 $2,186,505,475 $60,058,663
1984 $2,098,734,600 $64,248,355
1983 $2,725,736,633 $60,863,964
1982 $2,552,401,933 $62,068,161
1981 $2,310,099,100 $62,242,013
1980 $2,101,394,100 $53,260,077
1979 - $44,667,002
1978 - $41,567,472
1977 - $34,139,388
1976 - $30,036,417
1975 - $32,506,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Mongolia and Tonga economies compared

GDP per capita
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year GDP per capita
Mongolia Tonga
2024 $6,751 -
2023 $5,839 $5,652
2022 $4,994 $5,298
2021 $4,518 $4,923
2020 $4,001 $4,792
2019 $4,348 $4,789
2018 $4,108 $4,675
2017 $3,646 $4,366
2016 $3,620 $3,988
2015 $3,839 $4,124
2014 $4,126 $4,137
2013 $4,340 $4,219
2012 $4,329 $4,384
2011 $3,736 $3,850
2010 $2,625 $3,416
2009 $1,703 $2,914
2008 $2,127 $3,218
2007 $1,628 $2,797
2006 $1,330 $2,750
2005 $995 $2,478
2004 $794 $2,195
2003 $643 $1,936
2002 $570 $1,759
2001 $524 $1,754
2000 $476 $1,995
1999 $449 $1,952
1998 $484 $1,889
1997 $515 $2,136
1996 $596 $2,215
1995 $653 $2,084
1994 $423 $1,957
1993 $355 $1,383
1992 $608 $1,370
1991 $1,099 $1,323
1990 $1,220 $1,139
1989 $1,684 $1,070
1988 $1,543 $1,078
1987 $1,493 $830
1986 $1,469 $696
1985 $1,138 $613
1984 $1,120 $656
1983 $1,490 $621
1982 $1,430 $633
1981 $1,325 $636
1980 $1,235 $545
1979 - $458
1978 - $428
1977 - $353
1976 - $315
1975 - $349

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Mongolia vs. Tonga life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Mongolia Tonga
2026 72.5 73.4
2025 72.2 73.2
2024 72 73.1
2023 71.7 72.9
2022 71.5 72.6
2021 68.6 72.1
2020 70 72.4
2019 70.7 72.3
2018 70.6 72.2
2017 70.2 72.1
2016 69.7 72
2015 69.2 71.9
2014 68.7 71.7
2013 68.2 71.6
2012 67.6 71.5
2011 67.2 71.4
2010 67.1 71.3
2009 67.2 70.9
2008 67.1 71
2007 66.5 70.9
2006 65.6 70.7
2005 64.8 70.6
2004 64.3 70.4
2003 64.1 70.2
2002 64 70
2001 63.8 69.8
2000 63.5 69.6
1999 62.8 69.4
1998 62.1 69.2
1997 61.4 69
1996 61 68.8
1995 60.9 68.6
1994 60.9 68.4
1993 60.8 68.2
1992 60.4 67.9
1991 59.8 67.7
1990 58.8 67.5
1989 58.1 67.4
1988 57.5 67.3
1987 57.1 67.2
1986 56.8 67.1
1985 56.4 66.9
1984 56.1 66.8
1983 55.9 66.7
1982 55.6 66.3
1981 55.4 66.4
1980 55.2 66.2
1979 55.1 66
1978 54.9 65.9
1977 54.8 65.6
1976 54.6 65.4
1975 54.3 65.1
1974 54 64.8
1973 53.6 64.4
1972 53.1 64.1
1971 52.6 63.6
1970 52 63.2
1969 51.4 62.7
1968 50.8 62.2
1967 50.1 61.7
1966 49.4 61.2
1965 48.7 60.7
1964 47.9 60.3
1963 47.1 59.8
1962 46.3 59.3
1961 45.4 58.8
1960 44.5 58.3
1959 43.7 57.8
1958 42.8 57.2
1957 40.4 56.5
1956 41.4 55.7
1955 40.7 54.7
1954 40.2 53.6
1953 39.8 52.4
1952 39.4 51.2
1951 39.1 49.8
1950 38.6 48.4

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Mongolia and Tonga population clocks and comparison

Population
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year Population
Mongolia Tonga
2024 3,524,788 104,175
2023 3,481,145 104,597
2022 3,433,748 105,042
2021 3,383,741 105,490
2020 3,327,204 105,704
2019 3,267,673 105,669
2018 3,208,189 105,567
2017 3,148,917 105,356
2016 3,088,856 105,524
2015 3,026,864 106,095
2014 2,963,113 106,609
2013 2,899,011 107,078
2012 2,839,705 107,460
2011 2,786,317 107,570
2010 2,738,622 107,400
2009 2,691,115 107,203
2008 2,643,201 107,020
2007 2,601,850 106,726
2006 2,567,168 106,253
2005 2,536,407 105,671
2004 2,508,412 105,071
2003 2,480,374 104,464
2002 2,449,027 103,874
2001 2,417,751 103,288
2000 2,388,299 102,677
1999 2,356,813 102,046
1998 2,323,809 101,388
1997 2,291,750 100,674
1996 2,259,507 100,275
1995 2,224,945 100,225
1994 2,189,395 100,166
1993 2,165,130 100,103
1992 2,167,790 100,022
1991 2,165,342 99,895
1990 2,098,710 99,700
1989 2,124,185 99,403
1988 2,076,322 98,969
1987 2,022,800 98,376
1986 1,970,965 98,010
1985 1,921,514 97,984
1984 1,874,349 97,990
1983 1,829,092 97,998
1982 1,785,364 97,980
1981 1,742,857 97,909
1980 1,701,335 97,769
1979 1,660,659 97,544
1978 1,619,468 97,204
1977 1,576,245 96,725
1976 1,531,945 95,325
1975 1,488,296 93,017
1974 1,446,050 90,683
1973 1,405,502 88,805
1972 1,366,821 87,356
1971 1,330,071 85,896
1970 1,295,272 84,401
1969 1,262,284 82,885
1968 1,229,930 81,353
1967 1,196,996 79,814
1966 1,163,754 78,002
1965 1,131,177 75,924
1964 1,100,234 73,879
1963 1,071,362 71,885
1962 1,041,444 69,940
1961 1,009,284 68,037
1960 977,595 66,170

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Fertility rates in Mongolia and Tonga

Fertility rate
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year Fertility rate
Mongolia Tonga
2023 2.7 3.13
2022 2.7 3.17
2021 2.8 3.2
2020 2.9 3.23
2019 3 3.27
2018 2.9 3.33
2017 2.8 3.39
2016 3 3.46
2015 3 3.54
2014 3.1 3.62
2013 3 3.7
2012 2.7 3.77
2011 2.6 3.83
2010 2.4 3.88
2009 2.8 3.95
2008 2.6 4.01
2007 2.3 4.09
2006 2.1 4.14
2005 2 4.2
2004 2 4.19
2003 2 4.18
2002 2.1 4.14
2001 2.2 4.13
2000 2.2 4.16
1999 2.3 4.23
1998 2.3 4.31
1997 2.4 4.38
1996 2.5 4.46
1995 2.77 4.56
1994 2.7 4.66
1993 2.5 4.73
1992 3.5 4.79
1991 4 4.85
1990 4.5 4.93
1989 4.42 5.01
1988 4.65 5.1
1987 4.83 5.19
1986 5.03 5.27
1985 5.26 5.34
1984 5.45 5.41
1983 5.63 5.45
1982 5.8 5.5
1981 5.98 5.55
1980 6.21 5.6
1979 6.42 5.65
1978 6.62 5.68
1977 6.79 5.7
1976 6.93 5.73
1975 7.07 5.75
1974 7.17 5.77
1973 7.24 5.8
1972 7.28 5.86
1971 7.3 5.96
1970 7.31 6.07
1969 7.34 6.17
1968 7.37 6.23
1967 7.39 6.29
1966 7.41 6.35
1965 7.38 6.41
1964 7.33 6.46
1963 7.24 6.52
1962 7.1 6.57
1961 6.96 6.61
1960 6.82 6.65

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Mongolia and Tonga demographics compared

Median age
Mongolia

Tonga
1x
Year Median age, years
Mongolia Tonga
2024 27.8 21.9
2023 27.7 21.9
2022 27.6 22
2021 27.4 22.1
2020 27.3 22.1
2019 27.2 22
2018 27.1 22
2017 27 21.9
2016 26.9 21.9
2015 26.7 21.8
2014 26.5 21.7
2013 26.3 21.6
2012 26.1 21.4
2011 25.8 21.2
2010 25.4 21.2
2009 25.1 21.1
2008 24.8 21
2007 24.5 20.9
2006 24.2 20.8
2005 23.8 20.8
2004 23.4 20.8
2003 23 20.8
2002 22.6 20.7
2001 22.2 20.5
2000 21.8 20.3
1999 21.4 20.1
1998 21 19.9
1997 20.7 19.7
1996 20.4 19.6
1995 20 19.6
1994 19.8 19.6
1993 19.5 19.6
1992 19.3 19.5
1991 19.1 19.3
1990 19 19.1
1989 18.8 18.9
1988 18.7 18.6
1987 18.7 18.3
1986 18.6 18.2
1985 18.5 18.1
1984 18.4 18
1983 18.2 17.9
1982 18 17.8
1981 17.9 17.6
1980 17.7 17.4
1979 17.5 17.3
1978 17.4 17.1
1977 17.3 16.8
1976 17.2 16.7
1975 17.2 16.7
1974 17.2 16.8
1973 17.2 16.8
1972 17.3 16.7
1971 17.5 16.7
1970 17.7 16.8
1969 18 16.8
1968 18.4 16.9
1967 19 17
1966 19.6 17
1965 20.3 17
1964 21 17
1963 21.7 17
1962 22.2 17.1
1961 22.5 17.1
1960 22.8 17.1

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/tonga | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Mongolia Tonga
GNI, Atlas method
$19B
2024
$619M
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
37.5%
2024
51.3%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
3.66%
2023
5.15%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
n/a
Armed forces personnel
18,000
2020
n/a
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
+1.39%
2024
+4.17%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.81%
2024
1.65%
2023
Services, % of GDP
44.3%
2024
50%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
14.9%
2023
Economic freedom index
63.9
2026
58.9
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
22%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2022
4%
2021
Total reserves including gold
$5.51B
2024
$377M
2024
Personal remittances received
$528M
2024
$254M
2024
International tourist arrivals
66,900
2020
94,000
2019
International tourism as share of exports
0.64%
2020
50.3%
2020
Banked people share
98.3%
2024
n/a

Energy

Mongolia Tonga
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
1,891 kg
2022
543 kg
2007
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$8.68
2022
$7.94
2007
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
27.7 megatons
2024
0.17 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.85 tons
2024
1.63 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
94.7%
2022
0%
2007
Renewable energy use share
3%
2021
2.3%
2022
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
1.01%
2022
n/a
Net energy imports use share
-226.4%
2022
n/a
Electric power consumption per capita
2,546 kWh
2022
n/a
Renewable electricity output share
10.9%
2021
14.2%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.81%
2022
0%
2021
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Mongolia Tonga
% of world population
0.04%
2024
0.001%
2024
Annual migration change
+79
2025
-2,150
2025
Urban population
71%
2024
21.2%
2024
Male:Female ratio
49.9:50.1
2024
47.2:52.8
2024
Average male height
5.6 ft
2025
5.74 ft
2025
Average female height
5.25 ft
2025
5.45 ft
2025
Quality of life index
49
2026
45.5
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
31
2025
50
2025
Higher education index
38
2026
n/a
Homicides per 100K people
5.59
2024
0.95
2019
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
21
2019
33
2019
Visa free countries
77
2025
126
2025
Adult literacy rate
98.6%
2023
99.4%
2021
English speaking
1%
2025
30%
2023
People using the Internet
83%
2023
58.5%
2023

Health

Mongolia Tonga
Government health expenditure per capita
$360
2023
$358
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$175.5
2023
$21
2023
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
73.4 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
3.8%
2023
44.2%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.13
2022
1.01
2021
Age at first childbirth
20.5 years
2025
24.9 years
2025
Maternal mortality per 100K births
41
2023
67
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
13.6
2023
9.9
2023
Obesity rate
24.8%
2022
72.4%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
10.3%
2024
19.6%
2024
Air quality index
24
2026
91
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
29.5%
2022
31.3%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
7.68 liters
2020
0.36 liters
2020

Territory

Mongolia Tonga
% of world land
1.05%
2026
0.0005%
2026
Land area per capita
170,717 sq mi
2024
2,669 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
414,933 sq mi
2026
135.1 sq mi
2026
Forest area
54,709 sq mi
2026
34.6 sq mi
2026
Roads length
70,339 mi
2017
423 mi
2011

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  9. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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