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Afghanistan vs Mongolia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Afghanistan has a population of 42.6M (ranked 36/197), compared with 3.52M in Mongolia (ranked 132/197). Afghanistan's land area is 251,827 sq mi versus 601,740 sq mi for Mongolia (ranked 40th vs. 18th).

By GDP, Afghanistan ranks 137/197 ($17.2B) and Mongolia ranks 121/197 ($23.8B). By GDP per capita, Afghanistan ranks 196/197 ($414), while Mongolia ranks 105/197 ($6,751).

Main facts and rankings

Afghanistan Mongolia
Population
45409324
3620317
Population rank 36/197 132/197
GDP
$17.2B
2023
$23.8B
2024
GDP rank 137/197 121/197
GDP per capita
$414
2023
$6,751
2024
GDP per capita rank 196/197 105/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,202
2023
$19,145
2024
Government debt
$1.44B
2023
$10.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
8.8%
2024
44.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$34.8
2023
$2,974
2024
Government debt per person rank 185/185 101/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,869
2026
$5,311
2026
Land area 251,827 sq mi 601,740 sq mi
Population density
179 ppl/mi²
2026
6 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
4.84
2023
2.7
2023
Median age
18.2 years
2024
27.8 years
2024
Life expectancy
66.8 years
2026
72.5 years
2026

Afghanistan and Mongolia: Comparison Charts

Afghanistan and Mongolia economies compared

GDP
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year GDP
Afghanistan Mongolia
2024 - $23,794,540,025
2023 $17,152,234,637 $20,325,121,394
2022 $14,497,243,872 $17,146,471,714
2021 $14,259,995,441 $15,286,441,738
2020 $19,955,929,052 $13,312,981,429
2019 $18,799,444,490 $14,206,359,018
2018 $18,053,222,687 $13,178,094,720
2017 $18,753,456,498 $11,480,847,741
2016 $18,116,572,395 $11,181,350,649
2015 $19,134,221,645 $11,619,892,591
2014 $20,497,128,556 $12,226,514,668
2013 $20,146,416,758 $12,582,122,604
2012 $19,907,329,778 $12,292,770,632
2011 $17,805,098,206 $10,409,797,378
2010 $15,856,668,556 $7,189,481,999
2009 $12,416,152,732 $4,583,850,368
2008 $10,109,297,048 $5,623,216,608
2007 $9,747,886,187 $4,234,999,704
2006 $6,971,758,282 $3,414,055,662
2005 $6,203,256,539 $2,523,471,601
2004 $5,224,896,719 $1,992,066,808
2003 $4,520,946,819 $1,595,297,356
2002 $3,825,701,439 $1,396,555,720
2001 $2,813,571,754 $1,267,997,934
2000 $3,521,418,060 $1,136,896,124
1999 - $1,057,408,589
1998 - $1,124,440,205
1997 - $1,180,934,203
1996 - $1,345,719,472
1995 - $1,452,165,005
1994 - $925,817,092
1993 - $768,401,634
1992 - $1,317,611,864
1991 - $2,379,018,326
1990 - $2,560,785,660
1989 - $3,576,966,800
1988 - $3,204,461,567
1987 - $3,020,611,600
1986 - $2,896,178,867
1985 - $2,186,505,475
1984 - $2,098,734,600
1983 - $2,725,736,633
1982 - $2,552,401,933
1981 - $2,310,099,100
1980 - $2,101,394,100

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Afghanistan and Mongolia economies compared

GDP per capita
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year GDP per capita
Afghanistan Mongolia
2024 - $6,751
2023 $414 $5,839
2022 $357 $4,994
2021 $356 $4,518
2020 $511 $4,001
2019 $497 $4,348
2018 $491 $4,108
2017 $525 $3,646
2016 $522 $3,620
2015 $566 $3,839
2014 $625 $4,126
2013 $637 $4,340
2012 $651 $4,329
2011 $607 $3,736
2010 $561 $2,625
2009 $452 $1,703
2008 $382 $2,127
2007 $376 $1,628
2006 $274.2 $1,330
2005 $254.2 $995
2004 $221.8 $794
2003 $198.9 $643
2002 $179 $570
2001 $138.7 $524
2000 $174.9 $476
1999 - $449
1998 - $484
1997 - $515
1996 - $596
1995 - $653
1994 - $423
1993 - $355
1992 - $608
1991 - $1,099
1990 - $1,220
1989 - $1,684
1988 - $1,543
1987 - $1,493
1986 - $1,469
1985 - $1,138
1984 - $1,120
1983 - $1,490
1982 - $1,430
1981 - $1,325
1980 - $1,235

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Afghanistan vs. Mongolia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Afghanistan Mongolia
2026 66.8 72.5
2025 66.5 72.2
2024 66.3 72
2023 66 71.7
2022 65.6 71.5
2021 60.4 68.6
2020 61.5 70
2019 62.9 70.7
2018 62.4 70.6
2017 62.4 70.2
2016 62.6 69.7
2015 62.3 69.2
2014 62.3 68.7
2013 62.2 68.2
2012 61.7 67.6
2011 61.3 67.2
2010 60.7 67.1
2009 60.2 67.2
2008 59.7 67.1
2007 59 66.5
2006 58.6 65.6
2005 58.2 64.8
2004 57.8 64.3
2003 57.2 64.1
2002 56.2 64
2001 55.5 63.8
2000 55 63.5
1999 54.5 62.8
1998 52.5 62.1
1997 53.2 61.4
1996 52.8 61
1995 52.1 60.9
1994 51 60.9
1993 51 60.8
1992 46.6 60.4
1991 45.5 59.8
1990 45.1 58.8
1989 44.5 58.1
1988 43.2 57.5
1987 38.8 57.1
1986 38.4 56.8
1985 32.1 56.4
1984 31.5 56.1
1983 36.5 55.9
1982 36.1 55.6
1981 39.4 55.4
1980 39.3 55.2
1979 38.8 55.1
1978 40.1 54.9
1977 41.1 54.8
1976 40.5 54.6
1975 40 54.3
1974 39.5 54
1973 39 53.6
1972 38.4 53.1
1971 37.9 52.6
1970 37.5 52
1969 37 51.4
1968 36.5 50.8
1967 36 50.1
1966 35.6 49.4
1965 35.1 48.7
1964 34.7 47.9
1963 34.2 47.1
1962 33.8 46.3
1961 33.3 45.4
1960 32.8 44.5
1959 32.3 43.7
1958 31.8 42.8
1957 31.3 40.4
1956 30.8 41.4
1955 30.4 40.7
1954 29.7 40.2
1953 29.5 39.8
1952 29 39.4
1951 28.6 39.1
1950 28.2 38.6

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Afghanistan and Mongolia population clocks and comparison

Population
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year Population
Afghanistan Mongolia
2024 42,647,492 3,524,788
2023 41,454,761 3,481,145
2022 40,578,842 3,433,748
2021 40,000,412 3,383,741
2020 39,068,979 3,327,204
2019 37,856,121 3,267,673
2018 36,743,039 3,208,189
2017 35,688,935 3,148,917
2016 34,700,612 3,088,856
2015 33,831,764 3,026,864
2014 32,792,523 2,963,113
2013 31,622,704 2,899,011
2012 30,560,034 2,839,705
2011 29,347,708 2,786,317
2010 28,284,089 2,738,622
2009 27,466,101 2,691,115
2008 26,482,622 2,643,201
2007 25,909,852 2,601,850
2006 25,424,094 2,567,168
2005 24,404,567 2,536,407
2004 23,560,654 2,508,412
2003 22,733,049 2,480,374
2002 21,378,117 2,449,027
2001 20,284,307 2,417,751
2000 20,130,327 2,388,299
1999 19,887,785 2,356,813
1998 19,159,996 2,323,809
1997 18,452,091 2,291,750
1996 17,763,266 2,259,507
1995 17,065,836 2,224,945
1994 16,250,794 2,189,395
1993 14,943,172 2,165,130
1992 13,278,974 2,167,790
1991 12,238,879 2,165,342
1990 12,045,660 2,098,710
1989 11,874,088 2,124,185
1988 11,523,298 2,076,322
1987 11,387,818 2,022,800
1986 11,420,074 1,970,965
1985 11,426,852 1,921,514
1984 11,190,221 1,874,349
1983 10,917,982 1,829,092
1982 10,991,378 1,785,364
1981 11,937,581 1,742,857
1980 13,169,311 1,701,335
1979 13,655,567 1,660,659
1978 13,611,441 1,619,468
1977 13,340,756 1,576,245
1976 13,059,851 1,531,945
1975 12,773,954 1,488,296
1974 12,469,127 1,446,050
1973 12,157,999 1,405,502
1972 11,853,696 1,366,821
1971 11,567,667 1,330,071
1970 11,290,128 1,295,272
1969 11,017,409 1,262,284
1968 10,756,922 1,229,930
1967 10,505,959 1,196,996
1966 10,266,395 1,163,754
1965 10,036,008 1,131,177
1964 9,814,318 1,100,234
1963 9,604,487 1,071,362
1962 9,404,406 1,041,444
1961 9,214,083 1,009,284
1960 9,035,043 977,595

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Fertility rates in Afghanistan and Mongolia

Fertility rate
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year Fertility rate
Afghanistan Mongolia
2023 4.84 2.7
2022 4.93 2.7
2021 5.04 2.8
2020 5.15 2.9
2019 5.24 3
2018 5.33 2.9
2017 5.43 2.8
2016 5.54 3
2015 5.65 3
2014 5.77 3.1
2013 5.88 3
2012 5.99 2.7
2011 6.09 2.6
2010 6.2 2.4
2009 6.3 2.8
2008 6.39 2.6
2007 6.51 2.3
2006 6.69 2.1
2005 6.86 2
2004 7.02 2
2003 7.17 2
2002 7.32 2.1
2001 7.45 2.2
2000 7.57 2.2
1999 7.64 2.3
1998 7.69 2.3
1997 7.73 2.4
1996 7.76 2.5
1995 7.77 2.77
1994 7.77 2.7
1993 7.76 2.5
1992 7.7 3.5
1991 7.63 4
1990 7.58 4.5
1989 7.56 4.42
1988 7.55 4.65
1987 7.55 4.83
1986 7.55 5.03
1985 7.55 5.26
1984 7.55 5.45
1983 7.57 5.63
1982 7.6 5.8
1981 7.62 5.98
1980 7.64 6.21
1979 7.61 6.42
1978 7.6 6.62
1977 7.59 6.79
1976 7.56 6.93
1975 7.54 7.07
1974 7.53 7.17
1973 7.49 7.24
1972 7.45 7.28
1971 7.43 7.3
1970 7.4 7.31
1969 7.39 7.34
1968 7.36 7.37
1967 7.34 7.39
1966 7.32 7.41
1965 7.31 7.38
1964 7.3 7.33
1963 7.3 7.24
1962 7.29 7.1
1961 7.28 6.96
1960 7.28 6.82

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Afghanistan and Mongolia demographics compared

Median age
Afghanistan

Mongolia
1x
Year Median age, years
Afghanistan Mongolia
2024 18.2 27.8
2023 18 27.7
2022 17.8 27.6
2021 17.6 27.4
2020 17.5 27.3
2019 17.3 27.2
2018 17.1 27.1
2017 17 27
2016 16.8 26.9
2015 16.6 26.7
2014 16.4 26.5
2013 16.2 26.3
2012 16 26.1
2011 15.9 25.8
2010 15.7 25.4
2009 15.5 25.1
2008 15.3 24.8
2007 15.2 24.5
2006 15.1 24.2
2005 15 23.8
2004 14.9 23.4
2003 14.9 23
2002 14.9 22.6
2001 14.9 22.2
2000 15 21.8
1999 15.1 21.4
1998 15.2 21
1997 15.3 20.7
1996 15.5 20.4
1995 15.6 20
1994 15.7 19.8
1993 15.8 19.5
1992 15.9 19.3
1991 16 19.1
1990 16.1 19
1989 16.1 18.8
1988 16.2 18.7
1987 16.3 18.7
1986 16.3 18.6
1985 16.4 18.5
1984 16.5 18.4
1983 16.6 18.2
1982 16.7 18
1981 16.8 17.9
1980 16.9 17.7
1979 17 17.5
1978 17.2 17.4
1977 17.3 17.3
1976 17.4 17.2
1975 17.5 17.2
1974 17.6 17.2
1973 17.7 17.2
1972 17.8 17.3
1971 17.9 17.5
1970 18.1 17.7
1969 18.2 18
1968 18.3 18.4
1967 18.4 19
1966 18.5 19.6
1965 18.6 20.3
1964 18.6 21
1963 18.7 21.7
1962 18.8 22.2
1961 18.9 22.5
1960 18.9 22.8

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Afghanistan Mongolia
GNI, Atlas method
$15.5B
2023
$19B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
37.5%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
4.34%
2017
3.66%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
1.83%
2021
0.74%
2024
Armed forces personnel
165,000
2020
18,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-0.54%
2024
+1.39%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.68%
2021
5.81%
2024
Services, % of GDP
46.4%
2023
44.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
13.4%
2023
38.1%
2024
Economic freedom index
53
2021
63.9
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
24.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3.4%
2022
Total reserves including gold
$9.75B
2020
$5.51B
2024
Personal remittances received
$320M
2024
$528M
2024
International tourist arrivals n/a
66,900
2020
International tourism as share of exports
5.08%
2020
0.64%
2020
Banked people share
9.65%
2021
98.3%
2024

Energy

Afghanistan Mongolia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita n/a
1,891 kg
2022
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use n/a
$8.68
2022
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
12.1 megatons
2024
27.7 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
0.28 tons
2024
7.85 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share n/a
94.7%
2022
Renewable energy use share
20%
2022
3%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share n/a
1.01%
2022
Net energy imports use share n/a
-226.4%
2022
Electric power consumption per capita n/a
2,546 kWh
2022
Renewable electricity output share
78.2%
2021
10.9%
2021
Hydroelectric share
71.7%
2021
0.81%
2022
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
85.3%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Afghanistan Mongolia
% of world population
0.52%
2024
0.04%
2024
Annual migration change
-74,404
2025
+79
2025
Urban population
25.7%
2024
71%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50.5:49.5
2024
49.9:50.1
2024
Average male height
5.53 ft
2025
5.6 ft
2025
Average female height
5.12 ft
2025
5.25 ft
2025
Quality of life index
15.5
2026
49
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
16
2025
31
2025
Higher education index
20
2026
38
2026
Homicides per 100K people
4.02
2021
5.59
2024
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
15.9
2019
21
2019
Visa free countries
36
2025
77
2025
Adult literacy rate
37.3%
2021
98.6%
2023
English speaking
6%
2023
1%
2025
People using the Internet
17.7%
2023
83%
2023

Health

Afghanistan Mongolia
Government health expenditure per capita
$59.1
2023
$360
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$45.6
2023
$175.5
2023
Life expectancy
66.8 years
2026
72.5 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
21.2%
2023
3.8%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
0.32
2023
4.13
2022
Age at first childbirth
19.9 years
2025
20.5 years
2025
Maternal mortality per 100K births
521
2023
41
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
55.5
2023
13.6
2023
Obesity rate
19.6%
2022
24.8%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
11.7%
2024
10.3%
2024
Air quality index
3
2026
24
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
22.7%
2022
29.5%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
0.01 liters
2020
7.68 liters
2020

Territory

Afghanistan Mongolia
% of world land
0.44%
2026
1.05%
2026
Land area per capita
5,905 sq mi
2024
170,717 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
147,167 sq mi
2026
414,933 sq mi
2026
Forest area
4,666 sq mi
2026
54,709 sq mi
2026
Roads length
21,688 mi
2021
70,339 mi
2017

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2021–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  8. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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