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Mongolia vs Russia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Mongolia has a population of 3.52M (ranked 132/197), compared with 144M in Russia (ranked 9/197). Mongolia's land area is 601,740 sq mi versus 6,323,145 sq mi for Russia (ranked 18th vs. 1st).

By GDP, Mongolia ranks 121/197 ($23.8B) and Russia ranks 11/197 ($2.17T). By GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 105/197 ($6,751), while Russia ranks 68/197 ($15,145).

Main facts and rankings

Mongolia Russia
Population
3620317
141906741
Population rank 132/197 9/197
GDP
$23.8B
2024
$2.17T
2024
GDP rank 121/197 11/197
GDP per capita
$6,751
2024
$15,145
2024
GDP per capita rank 105/197 68/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$19,145
2024
$47,405
2024
Government debt
$10.5B
2024
$440B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.1%
2024
20.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,974
2024
$3,067
2024
Government debt per person rank 101/185 98/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,311
2026
$10,464
2026
Land area 601,740 sq mi 6,323,145 sq mi
Population density
6 ppl/mi²
2026
22.4 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
2.7
2023
1.41
2023
Median age
27.8 years
2024
40.9 years
2024
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
73.7 years
2026

Mongolia and Russia: Comparison Charts

Mongolia and Russia economies compared

GDP
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year GDP
Mongolia Russia
2024 $23,794,540,025 $2,173,835,806,672
2023 $20,325,121,394 $2,071,505,725,031
2022 $17,146,471,714 $2,291,612,121,335
2021 $15,286,441,738 $1,829,186,719,575
2020 $13,312,981,429 $1,493,075,894,362
2019 $14,206,359,018 $1,693,115,002,708
2018 $13,178,094,720 $1,657,328,773,461
2017 $11,480,847,741 $1,574,199,360,089
2016 $11,181,350,649 $1,276,786,350,881
2015 $11,619,892,591 $1,363,482,182,198
2014 $12,226,514,668 $2,059,241,589,895
2013 $12,582,122,604 $2,292,470,078,346
2012 $12,292,770,632 $2,208,293,553,878
2011 $10,409,797,378 $2,045,922,753,398
2010 $7,189,481,999 $1,524,916,715,224
2009 $4,583,850,368 $1,222,645,900,056
2008 $5,623,216,608 $1,660,848,058,303
2007 $4,234,999,704 $1,299,703,478,482
2006 $3,414,055,662 $989,932,071,353
2005 $2,523,471,601 $764,015,973,481
2004 $1,992,066,808 $591,016,690,732
2003 $1,595,297,356 $430,347,420,185
2002 $1,396,555,720 $345,470,494,418
2001 $1,267,997,934 $306,602,070,621
2000 $1,136,896,124 $259,710,142,197
1999 $1,057,408,589 $195,907,128,351
1998 $1,124,440,205 $270,955,486,862
1997 $1,180,934,203 $404,928,954,192
1996 $1,345,719,472 $391,724,890,744
1995 $1,452,165,005 $395,537,185,735
1994 $925,817,092 $395,077,301,248
1993 $768,401,634 $435,083,713,851
1992 $1,317,611,864 $460,290,556,901
1991 $2,379,018,326 $517,962,962,963
1990 $2,560,785,660 $517,014,446,228
1989 $3,576,966,800 $506,631,299,735
1988 $3,204,461,567 $554,828,660,436
1987 $3,020,611,600 -
1986 $2,896,178,867 -
1985 $2,186,505,475 -
1984 $2,098,734,600 -
1983 $2,725,736,633 -
1982 $2,552,401,933 -
1981 $2,310,099,100 -
1980 $2,101,394,100 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Mongolia and Russia economies compared

GDP per capita
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year GDP per capita
Mongolia Russia
2024 $6,751 $15,145
2023 $5,839 $14,403
2022 $4,994 $15,888
2021 $4,518 $12,637
2020 $4,001 $10,280
2019 $4,348 $11,640
2018 $4,108 $11,399
2017 $3,646 $10,835
2016 $3,620 $8,804
2015 $3,839 $9,427
2014 $4,126 $14,277
2013 $4,340 $15,941
2012 $4,329 $15,402
2011 $3,736 $14,305
2010 $2,625 $10,675
2009 $1,703 $8,563
2008 $2,127 $11,635
2007 $1,628 $9,101
2006 $1,330 $6,920
2005 $995 $5,323
2004 $794 $4,102
2003 $643 $2,975
2002 $570 $2,378
2001 $524 $2,100
2000 $476 $1,772
1999 $449 $1,331
1998 $484 $1,835
1997 $515 $2,738
1996 $596 $2,644
1995 $653 $2,666
1994 $423 $2,662
1993 $355 $2,931
1992 $608 $3,099
1991 $1,099 $3,490
1990 $1,220 $3,494
1989 $1,684 $3,430
1988 $1,543 $3,778
1987 $1,493 -
1986 $1,469 -
1985 $1,138 -
1984 $1,120 -
1983 $1,490 -
1982 $1,430 -
1981 $1,325 -
1980 $1,235 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Mongolia vs. Russia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Mongolia Russia
2026 72.5 73.7
2025 72.2 73.5
2024 72 73.3
2023 71.7 73.2
2022 71.5 72.5
2021 68.6 69.8
2020 70 71.2
2019 70.7 73.1
2018 70.6 72.9
2017 70.2 72.8
2016 69.7 71.9
2015 69.2 71.3
2014 68.7 70.8
2013 68.2 70.6
2012 67.6 70.1
2011 67.2 69.7
2010 67.1 68.2
2009 67.2 68.7
2008 67.1 67.9
2007 66.5 67.5
2006 65.6 66.5
2005 64.8 65.2
2004 64.3 65.1
2003 64.1 64.7
2002 64 64.7
2001 63.8 65
2000 63.5 65
1999 62.8 65.6
1998 62.1 66.9
1997 61.4 66.6
1996 61 65.4
1995 60.9 64
1994 60.9 63.8
1993 60.8 65
1992 60.4 67.8
1991 59.8 69
1990 58.8 69.3
1989 58.1 69.7
1988 57.5 69.9
1987 57.1 70.1
1986 56.8 70
1985 56.4 68.3
1984 56.1 67.6
1983 55.9 68
1982 55.6 68.1
1981 55.4 67.6
1980 55.2 67.5
1979 55.1 67.6
1978 54.9 67.8
1977 54.8 67.9
1976 54.6 68.1
1975 54.3 68.3
1974 54 68.7
1973 53.6 68.9
1972 53.1 68.8
1971 52.6 68.9
1970 52 68.7
1969 51.4 68.6
1968 50.8 69.1
1967 50.1 69.2
1966 49.4 69.4
1965 48.7 69.3
1964 47.9 69.5
1963 47.1 69.1
1962 46.3 68.5
1961 45.4 68.6
1960 44.5 68.3
1959 43.7 67.4
1958 42.8 67.7
1957 40.4 66
1956 41.4 66.5
1955 40.7 62.1
1954 40.2 59.9
1953 39.8 58.8
1952 39.4 57.6
1951 39.1 55.3
1950 38.6 55.5

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Mongolia and Russia population clocks and comparison

Population
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year Population
Mongolia Russia
2024 3,524,788 143,533,851
2023 3,481,145 143,826,130
2022 3,433,748 144,236,933
2021 3,383,741 144,746,762
2020 3,327,204 145,245,148
2019 3,267,673 145,453,291
2018 3,208,189 145,398,106
2017 3,148,917 145,293,260
2016 3,088,856 145,015,460
2015 3,026,864 144,640,716
2014 2,963,113 144,237,223
2013 2,899,011 143,805,638
2012 2,839,705 143,378,447
2011 2,786,317 143,018,195
2010 2,738,622 142,849,468
2009 2,691,115 142,785,348
2008 2,643,201 142,742,366
2007 2,601,850 142,805,114
2006 2,567,168 143,049,637
2005 2,536,407 143,518,814
2004 2,508,412 144,067,316
2003 2,480,374 144,648,618
2002 2,449,027 145,306,497
2001 2,417,751 145,976,482
2000 2,388,299 146,596,869
1999 2,356,813 147,214,776
1998 2,323,809 147,670,784
1997 2,291,750 147,915,361
1996 2,259,507 148,160,129
1995 2,224,945 148,375,787
1994 2,189,395 148,407,912
1993 2,165,130 148,458,777
1992 2,167,790 148,538,197
1991 2,165,342 148,394,216
1990 2,098,710 147,969,406
1989 2,124,185 147,721,000
1988 2,076,322 146,857,000
1987 2,022,800 145,908,000
1986 1,970,965 144,894,000
1985 1,921,514 143,858,000
1984 1,874,349 142,745,000
1983 1,829,092 141,668,000
1982 1,785,364 140,823,000
1981 1,742,857 139,941,000
1980 1,701,335 139,010,000
1979 1,660,659 138,027,000
1978 1,619,468 137,060,000
1977 1,576,245 136,100,000
1976 1,531,945 135,147,000
1975 1,488,296 134,200,000
1974 1,446,050 133,432,000
1973 1,405,502 132,669,000
1972 1,366,821 131,909,000
1971 1,330,071 131,155,000
1970 1,295,272 130,404,000
1969 1,262,284 129,664,000
1968 1,229,930 128,928,000
1967 1,196,996 128,196,000
1966 1,163,754 127,468,000
1965 1,131,177 126,745,000
1964 1,100,234 125,345,000
1963 1,071,362 123,960,000
1962 1,041,444 122,591,000
1961 1,009,284 121,236,000
1960 977,595 119,897,000

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Fertility rates in Mongolia and Russia

Fertility rate
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year Fertility rate
Mongolia Russia
2023 2.7 1.41
2022 2.7 1.42
2021 2.8 1.51
2020 2.9 1.51
2019 3 1.5
2018 2.9 1.58
2017 2.8 1.62
2016 3 1.76
2015 3 1.78
2014 3.1 1.75
2013 3 1.71
2012 2.7 1.69
2011 2.6 1.58
2010 2.4 1.57
2009 2.8 1.54
2008 2.6 1.5
2007 2.3 1.42
2006 2.1 1.31
2005 2 1.29
2004 2 1.34
2003 2 1.32
2002 2.1 1.29
2001 2.2 1.22
2000 2.2 1.2
1999 2.3 1.16
1998 2.3 1.23
1997 2.4 1.22
1996 2.5 1.27
1995 2.77 1.34
1994 2.7 1.4
1993 2.5 1.39
1992 3.5 1.55
1991 4 1.73
1990 4.5 1.89
1989 4.42 2.01
1988 4.65 2.12
1987 4.83 2.22
1986 5.03 2.15
1985 5.26 2.05
1984 5.45 2.06
1983 5.63 2.11
1982 5.8 2.04
1981 5.98 1.91
1980 6.21 1.89
1979 6.42 1.9
1978 6.62 1.92
1977 6.79 1.95
1976 6.93 1.97
1975 7.07 1.98
1974 7.17 2
1973 7.24 2.01
1972 7.28 2.04
1971 7.3 2.03
1970 7.31 1.99
1969 7.34 1.97
1968 7.37 1.99
1967 7.39 2.04
1966 7.41 2.1
1965 7.38 2.13
1964 7.33 2.18
1963 7.24 2.27
1962 7.1 2.36
1961 6.96 2.45
1960 6.82 2.52

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Mongolia and Russia demographics compared

Median age
Mongolia

Russia
1x
Year Median age, years
Mongolia Russia
2024 27.8 40.9
2023 27.7 40.5
2022 27.6 40.1
2021 27.4 39.9
2020 27.3 39.7
2019 27.2 39.4
2018 27.1 39.2
2017 27 39
2016 26.9 38.8
2015 26.7 38.7
2014 26.5 38.6
2013 26.3 38.4
2012 26.1 38.3
2011 25.8 38.1
2010 25.4 38
2009 25.1 37.9
2008 24.8 37.8
2007 24.5 37.7
2006 24.2 37.6
2005 23.8 37.4
2004 23.4 37.2
2003 23 37
2002 22.6 36.9
2001 22.2 36.8
2000 21.8 36.6
1999 21.4 36.3
1998 21 36
1997 20.7 35.7
1996 20.4 35.3
1995 20 35
1994 19.8 34.7
1993 19.5 34.4
1992 19.3 33.9
1991 19.1 33.6
1990 19 33.2
1989 18.8 32.9
1988 18.7 32.6
1987 18.7 32.4
1986 18.6 32.2
1985 18.5 32
1984 18.4 31.8
1983 18.2 31.7
1982 18 31.6
1981 17.9 31.4
1980 17.7 31.3
1979 17.5 31.1
1978 17.4 31
1977 17.3 30.9
1976 17.2 30.6
1975 17.2 30.7
1974 17.2 30.9
1973 17.2 31.1
1972 17.3 31.1
1971 17.5 31
1970 17.7 30.7
1969 18 30.3
1968 18.4 29.8
1967 19 29.2
1966 19.6 28.9
1965 20.3 28.6
1964 21 28.3
1963 21.7 28.1
1962 22.2 27.7
1961 22.5 27.4
1960 22.8 27.1

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/russia | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Mongolia Russia
GNI, Atlas method
$19B
2024
$2.24T
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
37.5%
2024
36.9%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
3.66%
2023
4.16%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
7.05%
2024
Armed forces personnel
18,000
2020
1,454,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
+1.39%
2024
-1.6%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.81%
2024
2.43%
2024
Services, % of GDP
44.3%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
30.7%
2024
Economic freedom index
63.9
2026
50.3
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
25.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2022
3.1%
2023
Number of millionaires n/a
426,000
2025
Percentage of millionaires n/a
0.38%
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
140
2025
Percentage of billionaires n/a
0.0001%
2025
Listed domestic companies n/a
194
2023
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$650B
2023
Total reserves including gold
$5.51B
2024
$597B
2023
Personal remittances received
$528M
2024
$1.91B
2024
International tourist arrivals
66,900
2020
6,359,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
0.64%
2020
1.3%
2020
Banked people share
98.3%
2024
79.3%
2024

Energy

Mongolia Russia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
1,891 kg
2022
5,601 kg
2022
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$8.68
2022
$7.43
2022
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
27.7 megatons
2024
2,009 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.85 tons
2024
14 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
94.7%
2022
89.5%
2022
Renewable energy use share
3%
2021
3.5%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
1.01%
2022
9.45%
2022
Net energy imports use share
-226.4%
2022
-75.1%
2022
Electric power consumption per capita
2,546 kWh
2022
7,184 kWh
2022
Renewable electricity output share
10.9%
2021
19.2%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.81%
2022
17.3%
2022
Nuclear share
0%
2021
19.4%
2022
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Mongolia Russia
% of world population
0.04%
2024
1.77%
2024
Annual migration change
+79
2025
-251,822
2025
Urban population
71%
2024
75.1%
2024
Male:Female ratio
49.9:50.1
2024
46.4:53.6
2024
Average male height
5.6 ft
2025
5.79 ft
2025
Average female height
5.25 ft
2025
5.4 ft
2025
Quality of life index
49
2026
48.7
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
31
2025
22
2025
Higher education index
38
2026
84
2026
Homicides per 100K people
5.59
2024
7.76
2024
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
21
2019
12
2019
Visa free countries
77
2025
123
2025
Adult literacy rate
98.6%
2023
99.9%
2021
English speaking
1%
2025
4.84%
2023
People using the Internet
83%
2023
94.4%
2024

Health

Mongolia Russia
Government health expenditure per capita
$360
2023
$1,003
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$175.5
2023
$284.9
2023
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
73.7 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
3.8%
2023
0.05%
2008
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.13
2022
5.11
2022
Age at first childbirth
20.5 years
2025
25.2 years
2013
Maternal mortality per 100K births
41
2023
9
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
13.6
2023
4.5
2023
Obesity rate
24.8%
2022
24.8%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
10.3%
2024
5.9%
2024
Air quality index
24
2026
69
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
29.5%
2022
29.2%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
7.68 liters
2020
10.5 liters
2020

Territory

Mongolia Russia
% of world land
1.05%
2026
11%
2026
Land area per capita
170,717 sq mi
2024
44,053 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
414,933 sq mi
2026
832,826 sq mi
2026
Forest area
54,709 sq mi
2026
3,147,937 sq mi
2026
Roads length
70,339 mi
2017
981,326 mi
2023

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  9. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  10. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  11. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
  12. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2013, retrieved 2026-03-10)

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