Mongolia birth & fertility rate decline on charts

Mongolia has a birth rate of 19 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 2.7 (the average number of children a woman is expected to have over her lifetime based on current age-specific birth rates).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 6.82 children per woman — 2.52 times higher than in 2023.

Mongolia birth rate statistics:

Mongolia is ranked 81/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 93/194 in 1960.
The mean age at first birth in Mongolia is 20.5 — it was 20.5 in 2017.
The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.3, a change from 28.9 in 1990.
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 54.8 in 1960 to 19.7 in 2023.
24.2% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 21.9% in 1960.

Fertility rate in Mongolia by year

1x

Year	Fertility rate	Rank
2023	2.7	67
2022	2.7	69
2021	2.8	65
2020	2.9	63
2019	3	60
2018	2.9	68
2017	2.8	72
2016	3	67
2015	3	71
2014	3.1	66
2013	3	72
2012	2.7	79
2011	2.6	86
2010	2.4	97
2009	2.8	77
2008	2.6	92
2007	2.3	106
2006	2.1	118
2005	2	128
2004	2	126
2003	2	127
2002	2.1	121
2001	2.2	120
2000	2.2	123
1999	2.3	121
1998	2.3	123
1997	2.4	121
1996	2.5	122
1995	2.77	117
1994	2.7	122
1993	2.5	128
1992	3.5	96
1991	4	86
1990	4.5	83
1989	4.42	83
1988	4.65	83
1987	4.83	82
1986	5.03	77
1985	5.26	76
1984	5.45	75
1983	5.63	67
1982	5.8	66
1981	5.98	65
1980	6.21	62
1979	6.42	55
1978	6.62	43
1977	6.79	38
1976	6.93	32
1975	7.07	27
1974	7.17	23
1973	7.24	20
1972	7.28	19
1971	7.3	17
1970	7.31	17
1969	7.34	16
1968	7.37	14
1967	7.39	14
1966	7.41	15
1965	7.38	15
1964	7.33	15
1963	7.24	21
1962	7.1	27
1961	6.96	39
1960	6.82	44

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Mongolia is 2.7, which is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. In 1993, the fertility rate was 2.5 — a 8% increase in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

1x

Year	People
Year	Natural change	Births	Deaths
2023	46,995	66,141	19,146
2022	47,730	66,958	19,228
2021	52,109	73,088	20,979
2020	60,888	77,856	16,968
2019	61,433	79,731	18,298
2018	60,635	78,600	17,965
2017	57,940	75,259	17,319
2016	62,086	80,001	17,915
2015	64,473	82,028	17,555
2014	66,078	82,967	16,889
2013	62,618	79,722	17,104
2012	55,942	73,832	17,890
2011	50,711	69,936	19,225
2010	44,914	63,262	18,348
2009	48,876	66,782	17,906
2008	45,843	63,169	17,326
2007	39,636	56,951	17,315
2006	33,609	51,240	17,631
2005	29,290	47,090	17,800
2004	28,418	46,149	17,731
2003	28,827	46,254	17,427
2002	30,439	47,569	17,130
2001	32,052	48,976	16,924
2000	32,753	49,662	16,909
1999	32,283	49,636	17,353
1998	31,757	49,638	17,881
1997	32,403	50,869	18,466
1996	33,741	52,601	18,860
1995	34,473	53,358	18,885
1994	34,711	53,541	18,830
1993	36,924	55,929	19,005
1992	42,437	62,419	19,982
1991	47,884	69,115	21,231
1990	49,443	71,561	22,118
1989	51,420	74,964	23,544
1988	51,588	75,563	23,975
1987	51,140	75,185	24,045
1986	50,329	74,368	24,039
1985	49,944	73,966	24,022
1984	48,562	72,469	23,907
1983	46,919	70,666	23,747
1982	45,179	68,722	23,543
1981	43,588	66,896	23,308
1980	42,343	65,394	23,051
1979	41,568	64,325	22,757
1978	40,276	62,971	22,695
1977	38,995	61,484	22,489
1976	37,670	59,909	22,239
1975	36,490	58,507	22,017
1974	35,297	57,129	21,832
1973	33,993	55,709	21,716
1972	32,727	54,385	21,658
1971	31,536	53,197	21,661
1970	30,558	52,268	21,710
1969	29,781	51,594	21,813
1968	29,017	51,182	22,165
1967	28,178	50,649	22,471
1966	27,338	50,128	22,790
1965	26,364	49,281	22,917
1964	25,317	48,398	23,081
1963	24,142	47,309	23,167
1962	22,960	45,946	22,986
1961	21,873	44,587	22,714
1960	20,726	43,140	22,414

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Mongolia (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been +1.81% annually. On average, 58,036 more people were born each year than died.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 1.35% — 46,995 more people were born than died.

In 2023, Mongolia ranks 99/196 for absolute natural population change and 78/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates in Mongolia compared to other countries

	Mongolia	Rank
Fertility rate	2.7	67/196
Birth rate	19	81/196
Population change due to births and deaths	+46,995	99/196
Natural population change rate	+1.35%	78/196
Population growth	+1.25%	86/197
Age at first childbirth	20.5 years	106/137
Average age at childbearing	29.3 years	84/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	19.1	120/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29	133.8	66/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+	32.1	73/197
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population	24.2%	108/196
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49	45.2%	90/179
Share of births attended by skilled health staff	99.3%	70/191
Maternal mortality per live birth	0.04%	102/193
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age)	0.74%	109/193
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age)	1.14%	105/196
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age	1.36%	103/192
Life expectancy	72.5 years	120/197

Birth rates by women's age

Annual births per 1,000 women

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 women
Year	Total	15-19	20-29	30+
2026	33.1	19.1	133.8	32.1
2025	34.3	19.5	136.4	33.9
2024	35.7	19.9	138.9	35.8
2023	37.3	20.5	141.6	37.6
2022	39.1	21.2	143.3	39.9
2021	41.5	22.9	144.6	42.8
2020	44.2	26.3	151.8	44.3
2019	46.6	29.7	155.9	45
2018	46.6	30.7	153.9	43.1
2017	47.3	31.6	154.3	42.1
2016	49.6	32.1	159.3	42.9
2015	51.6	30	161.2	44.9
2014	52.3	28.6	160.5	45.3
2013	52.6	29.2	165	42.2
2012	49.9	29.8	158.6	37.7
2011	47.5	23.8	151.4	36.5
2010	46.5	21.3	146.1	36.6
2009	48.7	21.8	152.8	38.7
2008	47.1	21.2	148.4	37.5
2007	43.4	20.2	140	33.3
2006	39.7	20.2	132.3	28.7
2005	37	17.1	123.8	27.9
2004	36.8	17.8	123.7	27.8
2003	37.3	19.2	125.2	28.7
2002	39	22.1	131.1	29.5
2001	40.8	27.3	135.5	30.7
2000	41.9	28.4	141.2	31
1999	42.6	30.2	145.7	30.7
1998	43.5	30.5	148.3	32.3
1997	45.4	36	153.4	34
1996	47.8	34.9	165.1	35.7
1995	49.5	34.3	173.1	37
1994	50.7	37.8	177.7	37.3
1993	53.4	40.4	188.5	39.7
1992	58.6	41.2	207.4	48.1
1991	64	39	230.1	56.1
1990	69.3	36.7	242.8	63.8
1989	69.6	34.2	252.1	67
1988	71.8	33.7	261.9	69.5
1987	73.4	33.9	270.5	70.2
1986	74.5	33	277.7	71.9
1985	76	34.7	288.1	73
1984	76.4	37	292.2	75.1
1983	76.3	39.1	295.8	77.2
1982	76	41.3	298.6	79.8
1981	75.8	42.5	303	82.7
1980	75.9	43.4	306	87.6
1979	76.5	45.1	314	90.7
1978	76.9	46.8	322	93.2
1977	77.1	48.3	328	95.5
1976	77.3	49.5	334	97.5
1975	77.7	51	339	99.5
1974	78.1	52.2	343	101
1973	78.3	53.1	344	101.6
1972	78.6	53.5	346	101.4
1971	79	54	347	100.5
1970	79.7	54.3	348	99.4
1969	80.8	55	351	98.4
1968	82.3	55.8	353	98.3
1967	83.7	56.7	354	98.5
1966	85.2	57.3	354	98.8
1965	86.2	57.4	352	98.4
1964	87.1	57.5	349	97.5
1963	87.5	57.3	345	95.9
1962	87.3	56.6	338	94.6
1961	87.3	55.9	332	93.5
1960	87	54.9	325	92.4

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Mongolia by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 4.78% will be to women under age 20, 48.6% to women ages 20-29, and 46.6% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 5.82%, 66.5%, and 27.7%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
Year	Mongolia	World
2100	16.3%	16.5%
2099	16.4%	16.6%
2098	16.4%	16.6%
2097	16.5%	16.7%
2096	16.6%	16.8%
2095	16.7%	16.8%
2094	16.8%	16.9%
2093	16.9%	17%
2092	17%	17%
2091	17.2%	17.1%
2090	17.3%	17.2%
2089	17.4%	17.2%
2088	17.6%	17.3%
2087	17.7%	17.4%
2086	17.9%	17.4%
2085	18%	17.5%
2084	18.1%	17.5%
2083	18.2%	17.6%
2082	18.3%	17.7%
2081	18.4%	17.7%
2080	18.5%	17.8%
2079	18.6%	17.8%
2078	18.6%	17.9%
2077	18.7%	17.9%
2076	18.7%	18%
2075	18.7%	18%
2074	18.7%	18.1%
2073	18.8%	18.2%
2072	18.8%	18.2%
2071	18.9%	18.3%
2070	18.9%	18.3%
2069	19%	18.4%
2068	19.1%	18.5%
2067	19.3%	18.6%
2066	19.4%	18.6%
2065	19.6%	18.7%
2064	19.8%	18.8%
2063	20.1%	18.9%
2062	20.4%	19.1%
2061	20.7%	19.2%
2060	21%	19.3%
2059	21.3%	19.4%
2058	21.6%	19.5%
2057	21.9%	19.6%
2056	22.2%	19.8%
2055	22.5%	19.9%
2054	22.7%	20%
2053	23%	20.1%
2052	23.1%	20.2%
2051	23.3%	20.3%
2050	23.3%	20.4%
2049	23.4%	20.5%
2048	23.4%	20.6%
2047	23.3%	20.7%
2046	23.3%	20.8%
2045	23.2%	20.9%
2044	23.1%	20.9%
2043	23%	21%
2042	22.9%	21.1%
2041	22.8%	21.2%
2040	22.8%	21.2%
2039	22.9%	21.3%
2038	23%	21.4%
2037	23.3%	21.5%
2036	23.6%	21.6%
2035	24%	21.8%
2034	24.6%	22%
2033	25.2%	22.2%
2032	25.9%	22.4%
2031	26.8%	22.7%
2030	27.8%	23%
2029	28.8%	23.3%
2028	29.7%	23.6%
2027	30.5%	23.9%
2026	31.2%	24.2%
2025	31.9%	24.6%
2024	32.2%	24.7%
2023	32.6%	25%
2022	32.9%	25.3%
2021	32.9%	25.6%
2020	32.8%	25.8%
2019	32.3%	26%
2018	31.6%	26.2%
2017	30.9%	26.4%
2016	30.2%	26.5%
2015	29.5%	26.6%
2014	28.9%	26.8%
2013	28.5%	26.9%
2012	28.1%	27%
2011	28%	27.1%
2010	27.9%	27.3%
2009	27.9%	27.5%
2008	28.1%	27.6%
2007	28.5%	27.9%
2006	29.1%	28.1%
2005	29.9%	28.5%
2004	30.8%	28.8%
2003	31.8%	29.2%
2002	32.9%	29.6%
2001	34.1%	30%
2000	35.2%	30.4%
1999	36.2%	30.8%
1998	37%	31.1%
1997	37.8%	31.5%
1996	38.4%	31.8%
1995	39%	32.1%
1994	39.5%	32.3%
1993	40%	32.5%
1992	40.5%	32.7%
1991	41%	32.9%
1990	41.4%	33%
1989	41.7%	33.2%
1988	41.8%	33.4%
1987	42%	33.6%
1986	42.1%	33.8%
1985	42.3%	34%
1984	42.5%	34.3%
1983	42.7%	34.6%
1982	43%	34.9%
1981	43.3%	35.2%
1980	43.7%	35.5%
1979	44.1%	35.9%
1978	44.5%	36.3%
1977	44.8%	36.7%
1976	45.2%	36.9%
1975	45.4%	37.1%
1974	45.6%	37.2%
1973	45.8%	37.3%
1972	45.8%	37.5%
1971	45.8%	37.6%
1970	45.6%	37.7%
1969	45.4%	37.8%
1968	44.9%	37.9%
1967	44.2%	38%
1966	43.3%	38%
1965	42.4%	38%
1964	41.4%	38%
1963	40.4%	37.8%
1962	39.6%	37.6%
1961	38.8%	37.5%
1960	38.1%	37.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

The share of children aged 0-14 in Mongolia was 38.1% in 1960, 40.5% in 1992, and 32.2% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Mongolia.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

Maternal mortality by year

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
Year	Mongolia	World
2023	41	197
2022	41	203
2021	63	242
2020	47	211
2019	45	207
2018	45	211
2017	45	215
2016	48	220
2015	52	228
2014	56	231
2013	59	235
2012	63	239
2011	67	247
2010	71	253
2009	75	258
2008	77	264
2007	81	269
2006	90	276
2005	99	283
2004	108	291
2003	114	301
2002	120	311
2001	130	321
2000	144	328
1999	162	340
1998	174	360
1997	180	358
1996	178	366
1995	176	371
1994	178	382
1993	181	389
1992	199	395
1991	227	395
1990	276	391
1989	311	401
1988	335	414
1987	341	429
1986	346	438
1985	352	460

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate in Mongolia was 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.04% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 71.5% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
Year	Mongolia	World
2023	1.36%	2.49%
2022	1.39%	2.59%
2021	1.43%	2.66%
2020	1.48%	2.75%
2019	1.56%	2.86%
2018	1.64%	2.97%
2017	1.74%	3.11%
2016	1.84%	3.22%
2015	1.94%	3.35%
2014	2.04%	3.48%
2013	2.15%	3.61%
2012	2.28%	3.77%
2011	2.44%	3.97%
2010	2.63%	4.11%
2009	2.85%	4.31%
2008	3.11%	4.5%
2007	3.39%	4.7%
2006	3.71%	4.92%
2005	4.07%	5.16%
2004	4.45%	5.43%
2003	4.87%	5.65%
2002	5.32%	5.94%
2001	5.8%	6.21%
2000	6.29%	6.48%
1999	6.78%	6.75%
1998	7.27%	7.05%
1997	7.74%	7.28%
1996	8.19%	7.52%
1995	8.6%	7.76%
1994	9%	7.98%
1993	9.39%	8.19%
1992	9.78%	8.46%
1991	10.2%	8.66%
1990	10.7%	8.81%
1989	11.1%	9.02%
1988	11.7%	9.31%
1987	12.2%	9.47%
1986	12.8%	9.81%
1985	13.4%	10.1%
1984	13.9%	10.4%
1983	14.4%	10.6%
1982	15%	10.8%
1981	15.5%	11%
1980	16.1%	11.4%
1979	16.7%	11.7%
1978	17.3%	12.2%
1977	-	12.6%
1976	-	13%
1975	-	13.4%
1974	-	13.8%
1973	-	14.1%
1972	-	14.5%
1971	-	15.1%
1970	-	15.2%
1969	-	15.4%
1968	-	15.6%
1967	-	15.9%
1966	-	16.1%
1965	-	16.4%
1964	-	16.6%
1963	-	16.5%
1962	-	16.7%
1961	-	17%
1960	-	17.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mongolia | CC BY

The under-5 mortality rate in Mongolia was 13.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 1.36% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 62.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.