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Mongolia birth & fertility rate charts by year

Updated on by Georank team

Mongolia has a birth rate of 19 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 2.7 (the average amount of children a woman would have during her lifetime).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 6.82 children per woman — 2.52 times higher than in 2023.

Mongolia birth rate statistics:

  • Mongolia is ranked 81/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 93/194 in 1960.
  • The mean age at first birth in Mongolia is 20.5 — it was 20.5 in 2017.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.3, a change from 28.9 in 1990.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 54.8 in 1960 to 19.7 in 2023.
  • 24.2% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 21.9% in 1960.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 1.35% — 46,995 more people were born than died.

Birth rates in Mongolia compared to world average

Mongolia World
Fertility rate 2.7 2.2
Birth rate 19 16.3
Birth rate rank 81/196 N/A
Age at first childbirth 20.5 years 23.1 years
Average age at childbearing 29.3 years 28.3 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 18.6 37.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 136.2 120.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 33.7 22
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 24.2% 24.4%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 45.2% 54.1%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.3% 83.3%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.04% 0.2%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.74% 1.73%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 1.14% 2.71%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 1.36% 2.49%
Population change due to births and deaths +46,995 +70,600,901
Natural population change rank 99/196 N/A
Natural population change rate +1.35% +0.88%
Population growth +1.25% +0.96%
Population growth rank 88/197 N/A
Life expectancy 72.2 years 73.5 years

Fertility rate in Mongolia chart

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Mongolia is 2.7, which is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. In 1993, the fertility rate was 2.5 — a +8% increase in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases the historical changes in birth rates.

Mongolia
Factual

UN forecast
World
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Mongolia World
1960 6.82 4.69
1961 6.96 4.56
1962 7.1 5.02
1963 7.24 5.31
1964 7.33 5.13
1965 7.38 5.08
1966 7.41 4.97
1967 7.39 4.87
1968 7.37 4.98
1969 7.34 4.88
1970 7.31 4.84
1971 7.3 4.69
1972 7.28 4.55
1973 7.24 4.42
1974 7.17 4.26
1975 7.07 4.07
1976 6.93 3.97
1977 6.79 3.84
1978 6.62 3.77
1979 6.42 3.76
1980 6.21 3.73
1981 5.98 3.71
1982 5.8 3.72
1983 5.63 3.59
1984 5.45 3.57
1985 5.26 3.53
1986 5.03 3.51
1987 4.83 3.48
1988 4.65 3.39
1989 4.42 3.35
1990 4.5 3.31
1991 4 3.13
1992 3.5 3.04
1993 2.5 2.97
1994 2.7 2.92
1995 2.77 2.87
1996 2.5 2.82
1997 2.4 2.78
1998 2.3 2.75
1999 2.3 2.72
2000 2.2 2.73
2001 2.2 2.69
2002 2.1 2.66
2003 2 2.64
2004 2 2.63
2005 2 2.61
2006 2.1 2.61
2007 2.3 2.6
2008 2.6 2.6
2009 2.8 2.59
2010 2.4 2.57
2011 2.6 2.55
2012 2.7 2.56
2013 3 2.53
2014 3.1 2.52
2015 3 2.49
2016 3 2.49
2017 2.8 2.46
2018 2.9 2.39
2019 3 2.35
2020 2.9 2.28
2021 2.8 2.25
2022 2.7 2.22
2023 2.7 2.2
2024 2.65 2.19
2025 2.6 2.18
2026 2.55 2.18
2027 2.51 2.17
2028 2.47 2.16
2029 2.44 2.15
2030 2.4 2.14
2031 2.37 2.13
2032 2.34 2.12
2033 2.31 2.12
2034 2.29 2.11
2035 2.26 2.1
2036 2.23 2.09
2037 2.21 2.09
2038 2.19 2.08
2039 2.17 2.08
2040 2.15 2.08
2041 2.13 2.07
2042 2.11 2.07
2043 2.09 2.07
2044 2.08 2.07
2045 2.06 2.06
2046 2.05 2.06
2047 2.04 2.06
2048 2.02 2.05
2049 2.01 2.05
2050 2 2.05

Birth rates by women ages chart

In 2025, of all live births 4.34% were to women under 20 years old, 48.3% to women ages 20-29, and 47.3% to women ages 30 and above. In comparison, the percentages in 1990 were 5.82%, 66.5%, and 27.7% for the same age groups respectively. A chart displaying the historical birth rates in Mongolia by maternal age is provided below.

Annual births per 1,000 women ages

15-19
20-29
30+
Year Annual births per 1,000 women
Total per 1,000 women 15-19 20-29 30+
1960 87.2 55 323 91.3
1961 87.4 55.9 330 92.4
1962 87.5 56.5 337 93.5
1963 87.6 56.5 344 95.4
1964 87.2 56.9 347 97
1965 86.4 56.7 349 98
1966 85.4 56.3 351 98.4
1967 83.8 55.5 351 98.1
1968 82.4 54.5 351 97.8
1969 80.9 52.7 350 97.8
1970 79.9 52 347 98.8
1971 79.1 51.7 343 99.9
1972 78.7 51.4 341 100.7
1973 78.5 51.1 337 101
1974 78.2 50.3 334 100.4
1975 77.9 49.2 329 98.9
1976 77.5 48 323 96.9
1977 77.3 47.1 317 94.9
1978 77 45.9 311 92.5
1979 76.7 44.3 303 90.2
1980 76.1 42.8 294.7 87.1
1981 76 42.1 292.3 82.1
1982 76.2 41 289 79.2
1983 76.5 38.8 287.2 76.5
1984 76.5 36.7 284.7 74.3
1985 76.1 34.5 281.7 72.1
1986 74.6 32.7 272.4 70.9
1987 73.4 33.7 266.3 69.1
1988 71.8 33.3 258.7 68.3
1989 69.6 33.8 250.3 66
1990 67.3 36.2 241.3 62.8
1991 63 38.5 228.7 55.2
1992 56.8 40.8 205.9 47.3
1993 50.9 40.1 186.9 39.1
1994 48.2 37.6 176 36.7
1995 47.2 34.2 171.4 36.4
1996 45.8 34.9 163.4 35.2
1997 43.6 35.8 151.9 33.5
1998 41.9 30.3 146.9 31.9
1999 41.3 29.8 144.6 30.3
2000 40.8 27.9 140.7 30.5
2001 39.8 26.8 135.1 30.3
2002 38.2 21.7 130.6 29.1
2003 36.7 19 124.6 28.2
2004 36.3 17.7 122.9 27.4
2005 36.7 17.1 122.7 27.5
2006 39.4 20.4 130.9 28.3
2007 43.3 20.5 138.4 32.9
2008 47.3 21.7 146.8 37.1
2009 49.2 22.3 151.4 38.3
2010 45.8 21.8 145.2 36.2
2011 49.8 24.1 150.3 36
2012 51.5 30.1 158.1 37.1
2013 54.5 29.5 165.1 41.6
2014 55.5 28.8 161.2 44.6
2015 53.7 30.4 162.6 44.2
2016 51.4 32.6 161.3 42.2
2017 47.6 32.2 156.8 41.4
2018 48.9 31.2 156.8 42.4
2019 48.8 30 159.1 44.4
2020 46.8 26.1 154 43.7
2021 43.2 22.4 146.6 42.3
2022 38.9 20.5 144.9 39.4
2023 37.9 19.7 142.8 37.2
2024 35.7 19 139.5 35.5
2025 34.3 18.6 136.2 33.7

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Mongolia
Factual

UN forecast
World
Factual

UN forecast
Year Children 0-14 as share of population
Mongolia World
1960 38.1% 37.4%
1961 38.8% 37.5%
1962 39.6% 37.6%
1963 40.4% 37.8%
1964 41.4% 38%
1965 42.4% 38%
1966 43.3% 38%
1967 44.2% 38%
1968 44.9% 37.9%
1969 45.4% 37.8%
1970 45.6% 37.7%
1971 45.8% 37.6%
1972 45.8% 37.5%
1973 45.8% 37.3%
1974 45.6% 37.2%
1975 45.4% 37.1%
1976 45.2% 36.9%
1977 44.8% 36.7%
1978 44.5% 36.3%
1979 44.1% 35.9%
1980 43.7% 35.5%
1981 43.3% 35.2%
1982 43% 34.9%
1983 42.7% 34.6%
1984 42.5% 34.3%
1985 42.3% 34%
1986 42.1% 33.8%
1987 42% 33.6%
1988 41.8% 33.4%
1989 41.7% 33.2%
1990 41.4% 33%
1991 41% 32.9%
1992 40.5% 32.7%
1993 40% 32.5%
1994 39.5% 32.3%
1995 39% 32.1%
1996 38.4% 31.8%
1997 37.8% 31.5%
1998 37% 31.1%
1999 36.2% 30.8%
2000 35.2% 30.4%
2001 34.1% 30%
2002 32.9% 29.6%
2003 31.8% 29.2%
2004 30.8% 28.8%
2005 29.9% 28.5%
2006 29.1% 28.1%
2007 28.5% 27.9%
2008 28.1% 27.6%
2009 27.9% 27.5%
2010 27.9% 27.3%
2011 28% 27.1%
2012 28.1% 27%
2013 28.5% 26.9%
2014 28.9% 26.8%
2015 29.5% 26.6%
2016 30.2% 26.5%
2017 30.9% 26.4%
2018 31.6% 26.2%
2019 32.3% 26%
2020 32.8% 25.8%
2021 32.9% 25.6%
2022 32.9% 25.3%
2023 32.6% 25%
2024 32.2% 24.7%
2025 31.6% 24.4%
2026 30.9% 24.1%
2027 30.1% 23.8%
2028 29.2% 23.4%
2029 28.2% 23.1%
2030 27.3% 22.8%
2031 26.3% 22.6%
2032 25.6% 22.3%
2033 24.9% 22.1%
2034 24.3% 21.9%
2035 23.8% 21.7%
2036 23.4% 21.6%
2037 23.1% 21.5%
2038 23% 21.4%
2039 22.9% 21.3%
2040 22.8% 21.2%
2041 22.9% 21.1%
2042 22.9% 21%
2043 23% 21%
2044 23.1% 20.9%
2045 23.2% 20.8%
2046 23.3% 20.7%
2047 23.4% 20.7%
2048 23.4% 20.6%
2049 23.4% 20.5%
2050 23.3% 20.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in Mongolia was 38.1% in 1960, 40% in 1993, and 32.2% as of the latest data in 2025.

More about the demographics of Mongolia.

Natural population change by year

For the past 10 years, the natural population change in Mongolia, excluding migration, has been +1.81% annually. On average, 58,036 more people were born each year than died.

Population change due to births and deaths
Year Population change due to births and deaths
Mongolia
1960 20,726
1961 21,873
1962 22,960
1963 24,142
1964 25,317
1965 26,364
1966 27,338
1967 28,178
1968 29,017
1969 29,781
1970 30,558
1971 31,536
1972 32,727
1973 33,993
1974 35,297
1975 36,490
1976 37,670
1977 38,995
1978 40,276
1979 41,568
1980 42,343
1981 43,588
1982 45,179
1983 46,919
1984 48,562
1985 49,944
1986 50,329
1987 51,140
1988 51,588
1989 51,420
1990 49,443
1991 47,884
1992 42,437
1993 36,924
1994 34,711
1995 34,473
1996 33,741
1997 32,403
1998 31,757
1999 32,283
2000 32,753
2001 32,052
2002 30,439
2003 28,827
2004 28,418
2005 29,290
2006 33,609
2007 39,636
2008 45,843
2009 48,876
2010 44,914
2011 50,711
2012 55,942
2013 62,618
2014 66,078
2015 64,473
2016 62,086
2017 57,940
2018 60,635
2019 61,433
2020 60,888
2021 52,109
2022 47,730
2023 46,995

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart

The maternal mortality rate in Mongolia was 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.04% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a -71.5% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Mongolia
World's average
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Mongolia World
1985 352 460
1986 346 438
1987 341 429
1988 335 414
1989 311 401
1990 276 391
1991 227 395
1992 199 395
1993 181 389
1994 178 382
1995 176 371
1996 178 366
1997 180 358
1998 174 360
1999 162 340
2000 144 328
2001 130 321
2002 120 311
2003 114 301
2004 108 291
2005 99 283
2006 90 276
2007 81 269
2008 77 264
2009 75 258
2010 71 253
2011 67 247
2012 63 239
2013 59 235
2014 56 231
2015 52 228
2016 48 220
2017 45 215
2018 45 211
2019 45 207
2020 47 211
2021 63 242
2022 41 203
2023 41 197

Under-five mortality rate chart

The under-5 mortality rate in Mongolia was 13.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 1.36% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 62.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.

Mongolia
World's average

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Mongolia World
1960 - 18.5%
1961 - 18.1%
1962 - 17.8%
1963 - 17.5%
1964 - 17.7%
1965 - 17.5%
1966 - 17.3%
1967 - 17%
1968 - 16.5%
1969 - 15.5%
1970 - 15.2%
1971 - 15.1%
1972 - 14.4%
1973 - 14.1%
1974 - 13.7%
1975 - 13.4%
1976 - 13%
1977 - 12.5%
1978 17.3% 12.1%
1979 16.7% 11.7%
1980 16.1% 11.4%
1981 15.5% 11%
1982 15% 10.8%
1983 14.4% 10.6%
1984 13.9% 10.4%
1985 13.4% 10.1%
1986 12.8% 9.81%
1987 12.2% 9.47%
1988 11.7% 9.31%
1989 11.1% 9.02%
1990 10.7% 8.81%
1991 10.2% 8.66%
1992 9.78% 8.46%
1993 9.39% 8.19%
1994 9% 7.98%
1995 8.6% 7.76%
1996 8.19% 7.52%
1997 7.74% 7.28%
1998 7.27% 7.05%
1999 6.78% 6.76%
2000 6.29% 6.48%
2001 5.8% 6.21%
2002 5.32% 5.94%
2003 4.87% 5.65%
2004 4.45% 5.43%
2005 4.07% 5.16%
2006 3.71% 4.92%
2007 3.39% 4.7%
2008 3.11% 4.5%
2009 2.85% 4.31%
2010 2.63% 4.11%
2011 2.44% 3.97%
2012 2.28% 3.77%
2013 2.15% 3.61%
2014 2.04% 3.48%
2015 1.94% 3.35%
2016 1.84% 3.23%
2017 1.74% 3.11%
2018 1.64% 2.97%
2019 1.56% 2.86%
2020 1.48% 2.75%
2021 1.43% 2.66%
2022 1.39% 2.59%
2023 1.36% 2.49%

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