Mongolia has a population of 3.52M (ranked 132/197), compared with 624K in Montenegro (ranked 166/197). Mongolia's land area is 601,740 sq mi versus 5,193 sq mi for Montenegro (ranked 18th vs. 156th).
By GDP, Mongolia ranks 121/197 ($23.6B) and Montenegro ranks 156/197 ($8.07B). By GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 107/197 ($6,691), while Montenegro ranks 78/197 ($12,935).
Main facts and rankings
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
3599274
|
618209
|
| Population rank | 132/197 | 166/197 |
| GDP |
$23.6B
2024 |
$8.07B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 121/197 | 156/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$6,691
2024 |
$12,935
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 107/197 | 78/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$19,098
2024 |
$33,380
2024 |
| Government debt |
$10.5B
2024 |
$5.05B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
42.6%
2025 |
60.3%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,969
2024 |
$8,103
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 101/185 | 65/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$6,196
2025 |
$12,008
2025 |
| Land area |
601,740 sq mi
2025 |
5,193 sq mi
2025 |
| Population density |
5.86 ppl/mi²
2024 |
120.1 ppl/mi²
2024 |
| Fertility rate |
2.7
2023 |
1.74
2023 |
| Median age |
27.8 years
2024 |
40.6 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
72.2 years
2025 |
77.4 years
2025 |
Mongolia and Montenegro: Comparison Charts
Mongolia and Montenegro economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1980 | $2,101,394,100 | - |
| 1981 | $2,310,099,100 | - |
| 1982 | $2,552,401,933 | - |
| 1983 | $2,725,736,633 | - |
| 1984 | $2,098,734,600 | - |
| 1985 | $2,186,505,475 | - |
| 1986 | $2,896,178,867 | - |
| 1987 | $3,020,611,600 | - |
| 1988 | $3,204,461,567 | - |
| 1989 | $3,576,966,800 | - |
| 1990 | $2,560,785,660 | - |
| 1991 | $2,379,018,326 | - |
| 1992 | $1,317,611,864 | - |
| 1993 | $768,401,634 | - |
| 1994 | $925,817,092 | - |
| 1995 | $1,452,165,005 | - |
| 1996 | $1,345,719,472 | - |
| 1997 | $1,180,934,203 | $838,288,806 |
| 1998 | $1,124,440,205 | $854,261,161 |
| 1999 | $1,057,408,589 | $828,950,327 |
| 2000 | $1,136,896,124 | $984,293,044 |
| 2001 | $1,267,997,934 | $1,159,869,246 |
| 2002 | $1,396,555,720 | $1,284,685,051 |
| 2003 | $1,595,297,356 | $1,707,710,053 |
| 2004 | $1,992,066,808 | $2,073,234,418 |
| 2005 | $2,523,471,601 | $2,257,174,481 |
| 2006 | $3,414,055,662 | $2,721,903,149 |
| 2007 | $4,234,999,704 | $3,680,711,744 |
| 2008 | $5,623,216,608 | $4,545,674,528 |
| 2009 | $4,583,850,368 | $4,159,330,370 |
| 2010 | $7,189,481,999 | $4,142,983,843 |
| 2011 | $10,409,797,378 | $4,544,428,421 |
| 2012 | $12,292,770,632 | $4,087,526,242 |
| 2013 | $12,582,122,604 | $4,465,772,400 |
| 2014 | $12,226,514,668 | $4,593,853,291 |
| 2015 | $11,619,892,591 | $4,054,730,078 |
| 2016 | $11,181,350,649 | $4,376,930,578 |
| 2017 | $11,480,847,741 | $4,856,599,481 |
| 2018 | $13,178,094,720 | $5,506,942,238 |
| 2019 | $14,206,359,018 | $5,542,054,181 |
| 2020 | $13,312,981,429 | $4,769,996,866 |
| 2021 | $15,286,441,738 | $5,861,427,505 |
| 2022 | $17,146,471,714 | $6,229,801,581 |
| 2023 | $20,325,121,394 | $7,530,593,375 |
| 2024 | $23,586,055,802 | $8,069,536,126 |
Mongolia and Montenegro economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1980 | $1,235 | - |
| 1981 | $1,325 | - |
| 1982 | $1,430 | - |
| 1983 | $1,490 | - |
| 1984 | $1,120 | - |
| 1985 | $1,138 | - |
| 1986 | $1,469 | - |
| 1987 | $1,493 | - |
| 1988 | $1,543 | - |
| 1989 | $1,684 | - |
| 1990 | $1,220 | - |
| 1991 | $1,099 | - |
| 1992 | $608 | - |
| 1993 | $355 | - |
| 1994 | $423 | - |
| 1995 | $653 | - |
| 1996 | $596 | - |
| 1997 | $515 | $1,375 |
| 1998 | $484 | $1,406 |
| 1999 | $449 | $1,368 |
| 2000 | $476 | $1,627 |
| 2001 | $524 | $1,910 |
| 2002 | $570 | $2,107 |
| 2003 | $643 | $2,789 |
| 2004 | $794 | $3,380 |
| 2005 | $995 | $3,675 |
| 2006 | $1,330 | $4,426 |
| 2007 | $1,628 | $5,976 |
| 2008 | $2,127 | $7,368 |
| 2009 | $1,703 | $6,727 |
| 2010 | $2,625 | $6,688 |
| 2011 | $3,736 | $7,326 |
| 2012 | $4,329 | $6,578 |
| 2013 | $4,340 | $7,173 |
| 2014 | $4,126 | $7,365 |
| 2015 | $3,839 | $6,491 |
| 2016 | $3,620 | $6,999 |
| 2017 | $3,646 | $7,758 |
| 2018 | $4,108 | $8,791 |
| 2019 | $4,348 | $8,842 |
| 2020 | $4,001 | $7,613 |
| 2021 | $4,518 | $9,377 |
| 2022 | $4,994 | $9,990 |
| 2023 | $5,839 | $12,077 |
| 2024 | $6,691 | $12,935 |
Mongolia vs. Montenegro life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1950 | 38.6 | 58 |
| 1951 | 39.1 | 58.5 |
| 1952 | 39.4 | 59.1 |
| 1953 | 39.8 | 59.7 |
| 1954 | 40.2 | 60.8 |
| 1955 | 40.7 | 60.9 |
| 1956 | 41.4 | 62 |
| 1957 | 40.4 | 63 |
| 1958 | 42.8 | 63.8 |
| 1959 | 43.7 | 64.7 |
| 1960 | 44.5 | 65.7 |
| 1961 | 45.4 | 66.1 |
| 1962 | 46.3 | 66.4 |
| 1963 | 47.1 | 66.8 |
| 1964 | 47.9 | 67.4 |
| 1965 | 48.7 | 68.1 |
| 1966 | 49.4 | 68.6 |
| 1967 | 50.1 | 69.3 |
| 1968 | 50.8 | 69.8 |
| 1969 | 51.4 | 70.2 |
| 1970 | 52 | 70.4 |
| 1971 | 52.6 | 70.8 |
| 1972 | 53.1 | 71.2 |
| 1973 | 53.6 | 71.6 |
| 1974 | 54 | 71.6 |
| 1975 | 54.3 | 71.9 |
| 1976 | 54.6 | 72.1 |
| 1977 | 54.8 | 71.8 |
| 1978 | 54.9 | 71.9 |
| 1979 | 55.1 | 71.5 |
| 1980 | 55.2 | 72.2 |
| 1981 | 55.4 | 72.1 |
| 1982 | 55.6 | 72.3 |
| 1983 | 55.9 | 72.3 |
| 1984 | 56.1 | 72.3 |
| 1985 | 56.4 | 72.4 |
| 1986 | 56.8 | 72.8 |
| 1987 | 57.1 | 73.2 |
| 1988 | 57.5 | 73.4 |
| 1989 | 58.1 | 73.8 |
| 1990 | 58.8 | 73.9 |
| 1991 | 59.8 | 74 |
| 1992 | 60.4 | 73.8 |
| 1993 | 60.8 | 73.9 |
| 1994 | 60.9 | 73.8 |
| 1995 | 60.9 | 73.7 |
| 1996 | 61 | 73.6 |
| 1997 | 61.4 | 73.5 |
| 1998 | 62.1 | 73.4 |
| 1999 | 62.8 | 73.3 |
| 2000 | 63.5 | 73.6 |
| 2001 | 63.8 | 73.7 |
| 2002 | 64 | 74.1 |
| 2003 | 64.1 | 74.2 |
| 2004 | 64.3 | 74.4 |
| 2005 | 64.8 | 74.4 |
| 2006 | 65.6 | 74.7 |
| 2007 | 66.5 | 74.7 |
| 2008 | 67.1 | 75 |
| 2009 | 67.2 | 75.4 |
| 2010 | 67.1 | 75.7 |
| 2011 | 67.2 | 76 |
| 2012 | 67.6 | 76.2 |
| 2013 | 68.2 | 76.4 |
| 2014 | 68.7 | 76.5 |
| 2015 | 69.2 | 76.6 |
| 2016 | 69.7 | 76.6 |
| 2017 | 70.2 | 76.6 |
| 2018 | 70.6 | 76.9 |
| 2019 | 70.7 | 76.6 |
| 2020 | 70 | 75.9 |
| 2021 | 68.6 | 73.8 |
| 2022 | 71.5 | 75.9 |
| 2023 | 71.7 | 77.1 |
| 2024 | 72 | 77.3 |
| 2025 | 72.2 | 77.4 |
Mongolia and Montenegro population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 977,595 | 480,579 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 | 491,140 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 | 502,558 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 | 513,409 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 | 521,753 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 | 526,327 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 | 526,419 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 | 522,796 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 | 517,481 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 | 513,340 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 | 512,407 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 | 515,449 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 | 521,785 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 | 530,220 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 | 538,902 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 | 546,487 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 | 552,562 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 | 557,576 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 | 562,065 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 | 566,888 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 | 572,608 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 | 579,445 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 | 587,001 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 | 594,506 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 | 600,884 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 | 605,398 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 | 607,711 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 | 608,144 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 | 607,413 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 | 606,571 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 | 606,372 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 | 607,105 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 | 608,516 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 | 610,170 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 | 611,389 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 | 611,712 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 | 611,003 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 | 609,520 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 | 607,662 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 | 606,001 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 | 604,950 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 | 607,389 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 | 609,828 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 | 612,267 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 | 613,353 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 | 614,261 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 | 615,025 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 | 615,875 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 | 616,969 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 | 618,294 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 | 619,428 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 | 620,345 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 | 621,418 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 | 622,587 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 | 623,744 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 | 624,651 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 | 625,353 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 | 625,982 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 | 626,438 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 | 626,753 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 | 626,590 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 | 625,053 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 | 623,591 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 | 623,529 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 | 623,831 |
Fertility rates in Mongolia and Montenegro
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 6.82 | 3.53 |
| 1961 | 6.96 | 3.49 |
| 1962 | 7.1 | 3.44 |
| 1963 | 7.24 | 3.38 |
| 1964 | 7.33 | 3.28 |
| 1965 | 7.38 | 3.19 |
| 1966 | 7.41 | 3.09 |
| 1967 | 7.39 | 2.91 |
| 1968 | 7.37 | 2.8 |
| 1969 | 7.34 | 2.79 |
| 1970 | 7.31 | 2.69 |
| 1971 | 7.3 | 2.67 |
| 1972 | 7.28 | 2.61 |
| 1973 | 7.24 | 2.51 |
| 1974 | 7.17 | 2.43 |
| 1975 | 7.07 | 2.38 |
| 1976 | 6.93 | 2.35 |
| 1977 | 6.79 | 2.31 |
| 1978 | 6.62 | 2.25 |
| 1979 | 6.42 | 2.2 |
| 1980 | 6.21 | 2.22 |
| 1981 | 5.98 | 2.19 |
| 1982 | 5.8 | 2.19 |
| 1983 | 5.63 | 2.17 |
| 1984 | 5.45 | 2.14 |
| 1985 | 5.26 | 2.13 |
| 1986 | 5.03 | 2.09 |
| 1987 | 4.83 | 2.07 |
| 1988 | 4.65 | 2.01 |
| 1989 | 4.42 | 1.94 |
| 1990 | 4.5 | 1.95 |
| 1991 | 4 | 2.02 |
| 1992 | 3.5 | 2.01 |
| 1993 | 2.5 | 1.96 |
| 1994 | 2.7 | 1.94 |
| 1995 | 2.77 | 1.96 |
| 1996 | 2.5 | 1.92 |
| 1997 | 2.4 | 1.89 |
| 1998 | 2.3 | 1.89 |
| 1999 | 2.3 | 1.88 |
| 2000 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
| 2001 | 2.2 | 1.86 |
| 2002 | 2.1 | 1.81 |
| 2003 | 2 | 1.8 |
| 2004 | 2 | 1.73 |
| 2005 | 2 | 1.69 |
| 2006 | 2.1 | 1.73 |
| 2007 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| 2008 | 2.6 | 1.89 |
| 2009 | 2.8 | 1.98 |
| 2010 | 2.4 | 1.7 |
| 2011 | 2.6 | 1.65 |
| 2012 | 2.7 | 1.72 |
| 2013 | 3 | 1.73 |
| 2014 | 3.1 | 1.75 |
| 2015 | 3 | 1.7 |
| 2016 | 3 | 1.8 |
| 2017 | 2.8 | 1.8 |
| 2018 | 2.9 | 1.8 |
| 2019 | 3 | 1.8 |
| 2020 | 2.9 | 1.75 |
| 2021 | 2.8 | 1.75 |
| 2022 | 2.7 | 1.8 |
| 2023 | 2.7 | 1.74 |
Mongolia and Montenegro demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 22.8 | 22.7 |
| 1961 | 22.5 | 22.8 |
| 1962 | 22.2 | 22.9 |
| 1963 | 21.7 | 23.1 |
| 1964 | 21 | 23.2 |
| 1965 | 20.3 | 23.4 |
| 1966 | 19.6 | 23.5 |
| 1967 | 19 | 23.6 |
| 1968 | 18.4 | 23.7 |
| 1969 | 18 | 23.8 |
| 1970 | 17.7 | 23.9 |
| 1971 | 17.5 | 23.9 |
| 1972 | 17.3 | 24.1 |
| 1973 | 17.2 | 24.4 |
| 1974 | 17.2 | 24.7 |
| 1975 | 17.2 | 25 |
| 1976 | 17.2 | 25.3 |
| 1977 | 17.3 | 25.7 |
| 1978 | 17.4 | 26 |
| 1979 | 17.5 | 26.3 |
| 1980 | 17.7 | 26.5 |
| 1981 | 17.9 | 26.8 |
| 1982 | 18 | 27.2 |
| 1983 | 18.2 | 27.5 |
| 1984 | 18.4 | 27.9 |
| 1985 | 18.5 | 28.2 |
| 1986 | 18.6 | 28.6 |
| 1987 | 18.7 | 28.9 |
| 1988 | 18.7 | 29.2 |
| 1989 | 18.8 | 29.5 |
| 1990 | 19 | 29.7 |
| 1991 | 19.1 | 30.1 |
| 1992 | 19.3 | 30.4 |
| 1993 | 19.5 | 30.8 |
| 1994 | 19.8 | 31.2 |
| 1995 | 20 | 31.6 |
| 1996 | 20.4 | 31.9 |
| 1997 | 20.7 | 32.3 |
| 1998 | 21 | 32.7 |
| 1999 | 21.4 | 33 |
| 2000 | 21.8 | 33.3 |
| 2001 | 22.2 | 33.6 |
| 2002 | 22.6 | 33.9 |
| 2003 | 23 | 34.2 |
| 2004 | 23.4 | 34.4 |
| 2005 | 23.8 | 34.7 |
| 2006 | 24.2 | 35 |
| 2007 | 24.5 | 35.4 |
| 2008 | 24.8 | 35.7 |
| 2009 | 25.1 | 36 |
| 2010 | 25.4 | 36.3 |
| 2011 | 25.8 | 36.6 |
| 2012 | 26.1 | 36.9 |
| 2013 | 26.3 | 37.1 |
| 2014 | 26.5 | 37.5 |
| 2015 | 26.7 | 37.8 |
| 2016 | 26.9 | 38.2 |
| 2017 | 27 | 38.6 |
| 2018 | 27.1 | 39 |
| 2019 | 27.2 | 39.4 |
| 2020 | 27.3 | 39.7 |
| 2021 | 27.4 | 39.9 |
| 2022 | 27.6 | 40.1 |
| 2023 | 27.7 | 40.3 |
| 2024 | 27.8 | 40.6 |
Interactive Maps
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GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$18.9B
2024 |
$7.5B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
36.6%
2025 |
44%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.66%
2023 |
n/a |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.6%
2023 |
1.63%
2023 |
| Armed forces personnel |
18,000
2020 |
12,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
+0.95%
2025 |
-3.38%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.18%
2023 |
13.1%
2023 |
| Services, % of GDP |
44.2%
2024 |
62.1%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
38.1%
2024 |
11.6%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
62.6
2025 |
63.8
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.6%
2022 |
24.7%
2021 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.4%
2022 |
2.1%
2021 |
| Listed domestic companies | n/a |
112
2012 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$3.79B
2012 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.51B
2024 |
$1.74B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$528M
2024 |
$855M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
66,900
2020 |
351,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
0.64%
2020 |
14.4%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
98.3%
2024 |
75.4%
2024 |
Energy
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,891 kg
2022 |
1,722 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$8.68
2022 |
$17.8
2023 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
28.1 megatons
2023 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
8.08 tons
2023 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
94.7%
2022 |
72.2%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
3%
2021 |
39.6%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
1.01%
2022 |
20.6%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-226.4%
2022 |
24.4%
2023 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,546 kWh
2022 |
4,564 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
10.9%
2021 |
61.8%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.81%
2022 |
53.1%
2023 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.04%
2024 |
0.008%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
+83
2024 |
-1,686
2024 |
| Urban population |
69.3%
2024 |
68.8%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
50:50
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.6 ft
2025 |
6.01 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.25 ft
2025 |
5.58 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
47.6
2025 |
64.3
2025 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
33
2024 |
46
2024 |
| Higher education index |
42
2025 |
60
2025 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
5.92
2023 |
0.79
2023 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
21
2019 |
7.6
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
77
2025 |
130
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
98.6%
2023 |
99%
2021 |
| English speaking |
1%
2025 |
26%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
83%
2023 |
88.9%
2024 |
Health
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$448
2022 |
$1,107
2022 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$174.6
2022 |
$407
2022 |
| Life expectancy |
72.2 years
2025 |
77.4 years
2025 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
24.5%
2022 |
n/a |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.87
2021 |
2.75
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
20.5 years
2025 |
26.3 years
2010 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
41
2023 |
6
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
13.6
2023 |
2.6
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
24.8%
2022 |
18.7%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
10.3%
2024 |
10.7%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
24
2025 |
48
2025 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
29.5%
2022 |
32%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
7.68 liters
2020 |
10.3 liters
2019 |
Territory
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
1.05%
2025 |
0.009%
2025 |
| Land area per capita |
170,717 sq mi
2024 |
8,324 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
414,933 sq mi
2025 |
1,017 sq mi
2025 |
| Forest area |
54,709 sq mi
2025 |
3,193 sq mi
2025 |
| Roads length |
70,339 mi
2017 |
4,823 mi
2010 |
In-depth comparisons
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