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Mongolia vs Poland statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Mongolia has a population of 3.52M (ranked 132/197), compared with 36.6M in Poland (ranked 42/197). Mongolia's land area is 601,740 sq mi versus 118,252 sq mi for Poland (ranked 18th vs. 69th).

By GDP, Mongolia ranks 121/197 ($23.8B) and Poland ranks 21/197 ($918B). By GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 105/197 ($6,751), while Poland ranks 48/197 ($25,104).

Main facts and rankings

Mongolia Poland
Population
3620317
35806942
Population rank 132/197 47/197
GDP
$23.8B
2024
$918B
2024
GDP rank 121/197 21/197
GDP per capita
$6,751
2024
$25,104
2024
GDP per capita rank 105/197 48/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$19,145
2024
$51,263
2024
Government debt
$10.5B
2024
$507B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.1%
2024
55.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,974
2024
$13,874
2024
Government debt per person rank 101/185 41/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,311
2026
$20,736
2026
Land area 601,740 sq mi 118,252 sq mi
Population density
6 ppl/mi²
2026
303 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
2.7
2023
1.16
2023
Median age
27.8 years
2024
42.9 years
2024
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
79.2 years
2026

Mongolia and Poland: Comparison Charts

Mongolia and Poland economies compared

GDP
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year GDP
Mongolia Poland
2024 $23,794,540,025 $917,767,106,147
2023 $20,325,121,394 $812,451,193,396
2022 $17,146,471,714 $695,607,470,875
2021 $15,286,441,738 $689,170,230,665
2020 $13,312,981,429 $605,914,237,904
2019 $14,206,359,018 $602,683,770,145
2018 $13,178,094,720 $594,616,687,350
2017 $11,480,847,741 $528,356,676,667
2016 $11,181,350,649 $473,259,583,970
2015 $11,619,892,591 $480,054,118,583
2014 $12,226,514,668 $542,134,167,179
2013 $12,582,122,604 $518,179,836,405
2012 $12,292,770,632 $498,148,649,703
2011 $10,409,797,378 $527,848,543,023
2010 $7,189,481,999 $478,111,630,684
2009 $4,583,850,368 $440,891,472,247
2008 $5,623,216,608 $535,612,030,672
2007 $4,234,999,704 $429,715,132,138
2006 $3,414,055,662 $345,897,630,736
2005 $2,523,471,601 $306,999,913,151
2004 $1,992,066,808 $256,268,656,145
2003 $1,595,297,356 $218,561,225,998
2002 $1,396,555,720 $199,694,463,256
2001 $1,267,997,934 $191,823,200,371
2000 $1,136,896,124 $172,953,527,033
1999 $1,057,408,589 $170,704,452,715
1998 $1,124,440,205 $175,282,269,667
1997 $1,180,934,203 $159,893,964,917
1996 $1,345,719,472 $160,813,026,223
1995 $1,452,165,005 $142,838,527,115
1994 $925,817,092 $110,803,635,288
1993 $768,401,634 $96,043,157,273
1992 $1,317,611,864 $94,337,050,693
1991 $2,379,018,326 $85,500,935,935
1990 $2,560,785,660 $65,977,748,211
1989 $3,576,966,800 -
1988 $3,204,461,567 -
1987 $3,020,611,600 -
1986 $2,896,178,867 -
1985 $2,186,505,475 -
1984 $2,098,734,600 -
1983 $2,725,736,633 -
1982 $2,552,401,933 -
1981 $2,310,099,100 -
1980 $2,101,394,100 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Mongolia and Poland economies compared

GDP per capita
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year GDP per capita
Mongolia Poland
2024 $6,751 $25,104
2023 $5,839 $22,145
2022 $4,994 $18,891
2021 $4,518 $18,636
2020 $4,001 $16,151
2019 $4,348 $15,875
2018 $4,108 $15,658
2017 $3,646 $13,913
2016 $3,620 $12,464
2015 $3,839 $12,638
2014 $4,126 $14,262
2013 $4,340 $13,622
2012 $4,329 $13,087
2011 $3,736 $13,868
2010 $2,625 $12,568
2009 $1,703 $11,556
2008 $2,127 $14,049
2007 $1,628 $11,273
2006 $1,330 $9,069
2005 $995 $8,044
2004 $794 $6,712
2003 $643 $5,721
2002 $570 $5,223
2001 $524 $5,015
2000 $476 $4,521
1999 $449 $4,416
1998 $484 $4,534
1997 $515 $4,137
1996 $596 $4,164
1995 $653 $3,701
1994 $423 $2,875
1993 $355 $2,497
1992 $608 $2,459
1991 $1,099 $2,236
1990 $1,220 $1,731
1989 $1,684 -
1988 $1,543 -
1987 $1,493 -
1986 $1,469 -
1985 $1,138 -
1984 $1,120 -
1983 $1,490 -
1982 $1,430 -
1981 $1,325 -
1980 $1,235 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Mongolia vs. Poland life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Mongolia Poland
2026 72.5 79.2
2025 72.2 79
2024 72 78.8
2023 71.7 78.6
2022 71.5 77.9
2021 68.6 75.6
2020 70 76.6
2019 70.7 77.9
2018 70.6 77.6
2017 70.2 77.7
2016 69.7 77.6
2015 69.2 77.6
2014 68.7 77.3
2013 68.2 77.1
2012 67.6 76.8
2011 67.2 76.6
2010 67.1 76.3
2009 67.2 75.9
2008 67.1 75.6
2007 66.5 75.4
2006 65.6 75.3
2005 64.8 75.1
2004 64.3 74.9
2003 64.1 74.8
2002 64 74.5
2001 63.8 74.2
2000 63.5 73.6
1999 62.8 73.2
1998 62.1 72.8
1997 61.4 72.6
1996 61 72.3
1995 60.9 72
1994 60.9 71.7
1993 60.8 71.3
1992 60.4 70.9
1991 59.8 70.7
1990 58.8 70.6
1989 58.1 70.8
1988 57.5 70.8
1987 57.1 70.8
1986 56.8 70.6
1985 56.4 70.5
1984 56.1 70.6
1983 55.9 70.8
1982 55.6 70.9
1981 55.4 70.6
1980 55.2 70.5
1979 55.1 70.2
1978 54.9 70.4
1977 54.8 70.3
1976 54.6 70.4
1975 54.3 70.6
1974 54 70.7
1973 53.6 70.7
1972 53.1 70.1
1971 52.6 69.8
1970 52 69.6
1969 51.4 69.8
1968 50.8 69.8
1967 50.1 69.9
1966 49.4 69.7
1965 48.7 69.4
1964 47.9 68.9
1963 47.1 68.3
1962 46.3 68
1961 45.4 67.8
1960 44.5 67.1
1959 43.7 66.4
1958 42.8 64.9
1957 40.4 64.4
1956 41.4 63.4
1955 40.7 63.1
1954 40.2 62.3
1953 39.8 61.3
1952 39.4 59.7
1951 39.1 58.9
1950 38.6 58.3

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Mongolia and Poland population clocks and comparison

Population
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year Population
Mongolia Poland
2024 3,524,788 36,559,233
2023 3,481,145 36,687,353
2022 3,433,748 36,821,749
2021 3,383,741 36,981,559
2020 3,327,204 37,515,748
2019 3,267,673 37,965,475
2018 3,208,189 37,974,750
2017 3,148,917 37,974,826
2016 3,088,856 37,970,087
2015 3,026,864 37,986,412
2014 2,963,113 38,011,735
2013 2,899,011 38,040,196
2012 2,839,705 38,063,164
2011 2,786,317 38,063,255
2010 2,738,622 38,042,794
2009 2,691,115 38,151,603
2008 2,643,201 38,125,759
2007 2,601,850 38,120,560
2006 2,567,168 38,141,267
2005 2,536,407 38,165,445
2004 2,508,412 38,182,222
2003 2,480,374 38,204,570
2002 2,449,027 38,230,364
2001 2,417,751 38,248,076
2000 2,388,299 38,258,629
1999 2,356,813 38,660,271
1998 2,323,809 38,663,481
1997 2,291,750 38,649,660
1996 2,259,507 38,624,370
1995 2,224,945 38,594,998
1994 2,189,395 38,542,652
1993 2,165,130 38,461,408
1992 2,167,790 38,363,667
1991 2,165,342 38,246,193
1990 2,098,710 38,110,782
1989 2,124,185 37,961,529
1988 2,076,322 37,824,487
1987 2,022,800 37,668,045
1986 1,970,965 37,456,119
1985 1,921,514 37,201,885
1984 1,874,349 36,904,134
1983 1,829,092 36,571,808
1982 1,785,364 36,230,481
1981 1,742,857 35,898,587
1980 1,701,335 35,574,150
1979 1,660,659 35,247,217
1978 1,619,468 34,965,600
1977 1,576,245 34,689,050
1976 1,531,945 34,356,300
1975 1,488,296 34,015,199
1974 1,446,050 33,678,899
1973 1,405,502 33,357,200
1972 1,366,821 33,055,650
1971 1,330,071 32,783,500
1970 1,295,272 32,664,300
1969 1,262,284 32,548,300
1968 1,229,930 32,294,655
1967 1,196,996 31,987,155
1966 1,163,754 31,681,000
1965 1,131,177 31,444,950
1964 1,100,234 31,139,450
1963 1,071,362 30,712,000
1962 1,041,444 30,308,500
1961 1,009,284 29,964,000
1960 977,595 29,637,450

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Fertility rates in Mongolia and Poland

Fertility rate
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year Fertility rate
Mongolia Poland
2023 2.7 1.16
2022 2.7 1.29
2021 2.8 1.33
2020 2.9 1.39
2019 3 1.44
2018 2.9 1.46
2017 2.8 1.48
2016 3 1.39
2015 3 1.32
2014 3.1 1.32
2013 3 1.29
2012 2.7 1.33
2011 2.6 1.33
2010 2.4 1.41
2009 2.8 1.4
2008 2.6 1.39
2007 2.3 1.31
2006 2.1 1.27
2005 2 1.24
2004 2 1.23
2003 2 1.22
2002 2.1 1.25
2001 2.2 1.31
2000 2.2 1.37
1999 2.3 1.37
1998 2.3 1.44
1997 2.4 1.51
1996 2.5 1.59
1995 2.77 1.62
1994 2.7 1.81
1993 2.5 1.87
1992 3.5 1.95
1991 4 2.07
1990 4.5 2.06
1989 4.42 2.08
1988 4.65 2.13
1987 4.83 2.15
1986 5.03 2.22
1985 5.26 2.33
1984 5.45 2.37
1983 5.63 2.42
1982 5.8 2.34
1981 5.98 2.24
1980 6.21 2.28
1979 6.42 2.28
1978 6.62 2.21
1977 6.79 2.23
1976 6.93 2.3
1975 7.07 2.27
1974 7.17 2.26
1973 7.24 2.26
1972 7.28 2.24
1971 7.3 2.25
1970 7.31 2.2
1969 7.34 2.2
1968 7.37 2.24
1967 7.39 2.33
1966 7.41 2.34
1965 7.38 2.52
1964 7.33 2.57
1963 7.24 2.7
1962 7.1 2.72
1961 6.96 2.83
1960 6.82 2.98

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Mongolia and Poland demographics compared

Median age
Mongolia

Poland
1x
Year Median age, years
Mongolia Poland
2024 27.8 42.9
2023 27.7 42.4
2022 27.6 41.9
2021 27.4 41.5
2020 27.3 41.1
2019 27.2 40.8
2018 27.1 40.4
2017 27 40
2016 26.9 39.7
2015 26.7 39.3
2014 26.5 39
2013 26.3 38.7
2012 26.1 38.4
2011 25.8 38.2
2010 25.4 38.1
2009 25.1 37.8
2008 24.8 37.5
2007 24.5 37.2
2006 24.2 36.9
2005 23.8 36.6
2004 23.4 36.3
2003 23 36
2002 22.6 35.8
2001 22.2 35.5
2000 21.8 35.2
1999 21.4 35
1998 21 34.7
1997 20.7 34.4
1996 20.4 34.2
1995 20 33.9
1994 19.8 33.5
1993 19.5 33.2
1992 19.3 32.9
1991 19.1 32.6
1990 19 32.4
1989 18.8 32.1
1988 18.7 31.7
1987 18.7 31.4
1986 18.6 31.1
1985 18.5 30.8
1984 18.4 30.6
1983 18.2 30.3
1982 18 30.1
1981 17.9 29.8
1980 17.7 29.5
1979 17.5 29.3
1978 17.4 29.1
1977 17.3 28.9
1976 17.2 28.7
1975 17.2 28.6
1974 17.2 28.6
1973 17.2 28.5
1972 17.3 28.5
1971 17.5 28.4
1970 17.7 28.2
1969 18 28.1
1968 18.4 28
1967 19 27.8
1966 19.6 27.7
1965 20.3 27.5
1964 21 27.3
1963 21.7 27.1
1962 22.2 26.9
1961 22.5 26.8
1960 22.8 26.6

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia/poland | CC BY

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Mongolia and Poland.

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Mongolia Poland
GNI, Atlas method
$19B
2024
$789B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
37.5%
2024
49.4%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
3.66%
2023
4.31%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
4.15%
2024
Armed forces personnel
18,000
2020
189,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
+1.39%
2024
-6.59%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.81%
2024
2.81%
2024
Services, % of GDP
44.3%
2024
59.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
27.2%
2024
Economic freedom index
63.9
2026
68.5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
22.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2022
3.3%
2023
Number of billionaires n/a
10
2025
Percentage of billionaires n/a
0.00003%
2025
Listed domestic companies n/a
749
2024
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$197B
2024
Total reserves including gold
$5.51B
2024
$223B
2024
Personal remittances received
$528M
2024
$8.69B
2024
International tourist arrivals
66,900
2020
88,515,000
2019
International tourism as share of exports
0.64%
2020
2.63%
2020
Banked people share
98.3%
2024
86.1%
2024

Energy

Mongolia Poland
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
1,891 kg
2022
2,639 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$8.68
2022
$18.4
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
27.7 megatons
2024
276.1 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.85 tons
2024
7.55 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
94.7%
2022
84.6%
2023
Renewable energy use share
3%
2021
15.2%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
1.01%
2022
3.47%
2023
Net energy imports use share
-226.4%
2022
48.8%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
2,546 kWh
2022
4,382 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
10.9%
2021
17.5%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.81%
2022
2.23%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Mongolia Poland
% of world population
0.04%
2024
0.45%
2024
Annual migration change
+79
2025
-330,820
2025
Urban population
71%
2024
60%
2024
Male:Female ratio
49.9:50.1
2024
48.4:51.6
2024
Average male height
5.6 ft
2025
5.93 ft
2025
Average female height
5.25 ft
2025
5.44 ft
2025
Quality of life index
49
2026
77.3
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
31
2025
53
2025
Higher education index
38
2026
83
2026
Homicides per 100K people
5.59
2024
0.8
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
21
2019
9.4
2019
Visa free countries
77
2025
171
2025
Adult literacy rate
98.6%
2023
99.8%
2021
English speaking
1%
2025
49.1%
2023
People using the Internet
83%
2023
88.6%
2024

Health

Mongolia Poland
Government health expenditure per capita
$360
2023
$2,014
2024
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$175.5
2023
$326
2024
Life expectancy
72.5 years
2026
79.2 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
3.8%
2023
0.06%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.13
2022
4.03
2023
Age at first childbirth
20.5 years
2025
28.4 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
41
2023
2
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
13.6
2023
4.4
2023
Obesity rate
24.8%
2022
28.3%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
10.3%
2024
8.1%
2024
Air quality index
24
2026
51
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
29.5%
2022
23.6%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
7.68 liters
2020
11.7 liters
2020

Territory

Mongolia Poland
% of world land
1.05%
2026
0.21%
2026
Land area per capita
170,717 sq mi
2024
3,235 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
414,933 sq mi
2026
56,294 sq mi
2026
Forest area
54,709 sq mi
2026
36,753 sq mi
2026
Roads length
70,339 mi
2017
267,065 mi
2024

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  9. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  10. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  11. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
  12. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)

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