Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Tonga

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Tonga chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Tonga
1960	6.82	6.65
1961	6.96	6.61
1962	7.1	6.57
1963	7.24	6.52
1964	7.33	6.46
1965	7.38	6.41
1966	7.41	6.35
1967	7.39	6.29
1968	7.37	6.23
1969	7.34	6.17
1970	7.31	6.07
1971	7.3	5.96
1972	7.28	5.86
1973	7.24	5.8
1974	7.17	5.77
1975	7.07	5.75
1976	6.93	5.73
1977	6.79	5.7
1978	6.62	5.68
1979	6.42	5.65
1980	6.21	5.6
1981	5.98	5.55
1982	5.8	5.5
1983	5.63	5.45
1984	5.45	5.41
1985	5.26	5.34
1986	5.03	5.27
1987	4.83	5.19
1988	4.65	5.1
1989	4.42	5.01
1990	4.5	4.93
1991	4	4.85
1992	3.5	4.79
1993	2.5	4.73
1994	2.7	4.66
1995	2.77	4.56
1996	2.5	4.46
1997	2.4	4.38
1998	2.3	4.31
1999	2.3	4.23
2000	2.2	4.16
2001	2.2	4.13
2002	2.1	4.14
2003	2	4.18
2004	2	4.19
2005	2	4.2
2006	2.1	4.14
2007	2.3	4.09
2008	2.6	4.01
2009	2.8	3.95
2010	2.4	3.88
2011	2.6	3.83
2012	2.7	3.77
2013	3	3.7
2014	3.1	3.62
2015	3	3.54
2016	3	3.46
2017	2.8	3.39
2018	2.9	3.33
2019	3	3.27
2020	2.9	3.23
2021	2.8	3.2
2022	2.7	3.17
2023	2.7	3.13
2024	2.65	3.1
2025	2.6	3.07
2026	2.55	3.04
2027	2.51	3
2028	2.47	2.97
2029	2.44	2.95
2030	2.4	2.91
2031	2.37	2.89
2032	2.34	2.85
2033	2.31	2.82
2034	2.29	2.8
2035	2.26	2.77
2036	2.23	2.75
2037	2.21	2.72
2038	2.19	2.7
2039	2.17	2.68
2040	2.15	2.65
2041	2.13	2.63
2042	2.11	2.61
2043	2.09	2.59
2044	2.08	2.56
2045	2.06	2.54
2046	2.05	2.52
2047	2.04	2.5
2048	2.02	2.49
2049	2.01	2.47
2050	2	2.45

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Mongolia	Tonga
1960	38.1%	45.7%
1961	38.8%	45.7%
1962	39.6%	45.8%
1963	40.4%	45.9%
1964	41.4%	45.9%
1965	42.4%	45.9%
1966	43.3%	45.9%
1967	44.2%	46%
1968	44.9%	46.2%
1969	45.4%	46.3%
1970	45.6%	46.4%
1971	45.8%	46.4%
1972	45.8%	46.3%
1973	45.8%	46.2%
1974	45.6%	46.2%
1975	45.4%	46.2%
1976	45.2%	46.1%
1977	44.8%	45.8%
1978	44.5%	45.3%
1979	44.1%	44.8%
1980	43.7%	44.3%
1981	43.3%	43.9%
1982	43%	43.4%
1983	42.7%	42.9%
1984	42.5%	42.4%
1985	42.3%	42%
1986	42.1%	41.7%
1987	42%	41.5%
1988	41.8%	41.2%
1989	41.7%	40.9%
1990	41.4%	40.8%
1991	41%	40.6%
1992	40.5%	40.5%
1993	40%	40.3%
1994	39.5%	40.1%
1995	39%	39.9%
1996	38.4%	39.7%
1997	37.8%	39.3%
1998	37%	38.9%
1999	36.2%	38.6%
2000	35.2%	38.3%
2001	34.1%	38.2%
2002	32.9%	38.1%
2003	31.8%	38.1%
2004	30.8%	38.2%
2005	29.9%	38.3%
2006	29.1%	38.3%
2007	28.5%	38.3%
2008	28.1%	38%
2009	27.9%	37.8%
2010	27.9%	37.6%
2011	28%	37.4%
2012	28.1%	37.2%
2013	28.5%	37.1%
2014	28.9%	36.9%
2015	29.5%	36.7%
2016	30.2%	36.5%
2017	30.9%	36.4%
2018	31.6%	36.2%
2019	32.3%	36%
2020	32.8%	35.8%
2021	32.9%	35.7%
2022	32.9%	35.6%
2023	32.6%	35.6%
2024	32.2%	35.4%
2025	31.6%	34.9%
2026	30.9%	34.4%
2027	30.1%	33.8%
2028	29.2%	33.3%
2029	28.2%	32.6%
2030	27.3%	32%
2031	26.3%	31.6%
2032	25.6%	31.2%
2033	24.9%	31%
2034	24.3%	30.8%
2035	23.8%	30.7%
2036	23.4%	30.5%
2037	23.1%	30.4%
2038	23%	30.3%
2039	22.9%	30.2%
2040	22.8%	30.1%
2041	22.9%	30.1%
2042	22.9%	30%
2043	23%	30%
2044	23.1%	29.9%
2045	23.2%	29.8%
2046	23.3%	29.6%
2047	23.4%	29.5%
2048	23.4%	29.2%
2049	23.4%	29%
2050	23.3%	28.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Tonga compared.

Natural population change in Mongolia vs Tonga by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.81% in Mongolia and +1.79% in Tonga. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Mongolia	Tonga
1960	20,726	2,230
1961	21,873	2,284
1962	22,960	2,343
1963	24,142	2,394
1964	25,317	2,445
1965	26,364	2,498
1966	27,338	2,550
1967	28,178	2,603
1968	29,017	2,614
1969	29,781	2,632
1970	30,558	2,628
1971	31,536	2,611
1972	32,727	2,605
1973	33,993	2,617
1974	35,297	2,650
1975	36,490	2,709
1976	37,670	2,769
1977	38,995	2,822
1978	40,276	2,862
1979	41,568	2,884
1980	42,343	2,885
1981	43,588	2,882
1982	45,179	2,853
1983	46,919	2,840
1984	48,562	2,814
1985	49,944	2,762
1986	50,329	2,704
1987	51,140	2,646
1988	51,588	2,649
1989	51,420	2,644
1990	49,443	2,641
1991	47,884	2,637
1992	42,437	2,622
1993	36,924	2,594
1994	34,711	2,547
1995	34,473	2,476
1996	33,741	2,393
1997	32,403	2,332
1998	31,757	2,344
1999	32,283	2,352
2000	32,753	2,346
2001	32,052	2,358
2002	30,439	2,396
2003	28,827	2,448
2004	28,418	2,478
2005	29,290	2,495
2006	33,609	2,459
2007	39,636	2,423
2008	45,843	2,397
2009	48,876	2,358
2010	44,914	2,332
2011	50,711	2,298
2012	55,942	2,255
2013	62,618	2,199
2014	66,078	2,135
2015	64,473	2,064
2016	62,086	1,989
2017	57,940	1,912
2018	60,635	1,873
2019	61,433	1,841
2020	60,888	1,816
2021	52,109	1,773
2022	47,730	1,772
2023	46,995	1,744

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Tonga

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Tonga
1985	352	148
1986	346	149
1987	341	147
1988	335	145
1989	311	139
1990	276	138
1991	227	134
1992	199	129
1993	181	127
1994	178	123
1995	176	117
1996	178	113
1997	180	111
1998	174	104
1999	162	99
2000	144	100
2001	130	98
2002	120	98
2003	114	95
2004	108	92
2005	99	92
2006	90	89
2007	81	88
2008	77	88
2009	75	91
2010	71	85
2011	67	84
2012	63	83
2013	59	80
2014	56	80
2015	52	79
2016	48	78
2017	45	77
2018	45	74
2019	45	73
2020	47	74
2021	63	76
2022	41	72
2023	41	67

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 0.99% in Tonga. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Mongolia	Tonga
1963	-	7.83%
1964	-	7.35%
1965	-	6.89%
1966	-	6.45%
1967	-	6.03%
1968	-	5.63%
1969	-	5.25%
1970	-	4.91%
1971	-	4.61%
1972	-	4.35%
1973	-	4.11%
1974	-	3.9%
1975	-	3.71%
1976	-	3.53%
1977	-	3.37%
1978	17.3%	3.22%
1979	16.7%	3.09%
1980	16.1%	2.97%
1981	15.5%	2.87%
1982	15%	2.78%
1983	14.4%	2.7%
1984	13.9%	2.63%
1985	13.4%	2.57%
1986	12.8%	2.51%
1987	12.2%	2.44%
1988	11.7%	2.37%
1989	11.1%	2.29%
1990	10.7%	2.21%
1991	10.2%	2.14%
1992	9.78%	2.06%
1993	9.39%	2%
1994	9%	1.94%
1995	8.6%	1.89%
1996	8.19%	1.85%
1997	7.74%	1.81%
1998	7.27%	1.78%
1999	6.78%	1.74%
2000	6.29%	1.7%
2001	5.8%	1.65%
2002	5.32%	1.61%
2003	4.87%	1.56%
2004	4.45%	1.52%
2005	4.07%	1.48%
2006	3.71%	1.44%
2007	3.39%	1.41%
2008	3.11%	1.37%
2009	2.85%	1.34%
2010	2.63%	1.31%
2011	2.44%	1.29%
2012	2.28%	1.26%
2013	2.15%	1.24%
2014	2.04%	1.22%
2015	1.94%	1.19%
2016	1.84%	1.17%
2017	1.74%	1.15%
2018	1.64%	1.12%
2019	1.56%	1.1%
2020	1.48%	1.08%
2021	1.43%	1.05%
2022	1.39%	1.02%
2023	1.36%	0.99%