Fertility & birth rates in Mongolia and Tonga

Fertility rate in Mongolia vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Tonga

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Mongolia	Tonga
2023	2.7	3.13
2022	2.7	3.17
2021	2.8	3.2
2020	2.9	3.23
2019	3	3.27
2018	2.9	3.33
2017	2.8	3.39
2016	3	3.46
2015	3	3.54
2014	3.1	3.62
2013	3	3.7
2012	2.7	3.77
2011	2.6	3.83
2010	2.4	3.88
2009	2.8	3.95
2008	2.6	4.01
2007	2.3	4.09
2006	2.1	4.14
2005	2	4.2
2004	2	4.19
2003	2	4.18
2002	2.1	4.14
2001	2.2	4.13
2000	2.2	4.16
1999	2.3	4.23
1998	2.3	4.31
1997	2.4	4.38
1996	2.5	4.46
1995	2.77	4.56
1994	2.7	4.66
1993	2.5	4.73
1992	3.5	4.79
1991	4	4.85
1990	4.5	4.93
1989	4.42	5.01
1988	4.65	5.1
1987	4.83	5.19
1986	5.03	5.27
1985	5.26	5.34
1984	5.45	5.41
1983	5.63	5.45
1982	5.8	5.5
1981	5.98	5.55
1980	6.21	5.6
1979	6.42	5.65
1978	6.62	5.68
1977	6.79	5.7
1976	6.93	5.73
1975	7.07	5.75
1974	7.17	5.77
1973	7.24	5.8
1972	7.28	5.86
1971	7.3	5.96
1970	7.31	6.07
1969	7.34	6.17
1968	7.37	6.23
1967	7.39	6.29
1966	7.41	6.35
1965	7.38	6.41
1964	7.33	6.46
1963	7.24	6.52
1962	7.1	6.57
1961	6.96	6.61
1960	6.82	6.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mongolia was 2.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mongolia vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Tonga

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Mongolia	Tonga
2023	46,995	1,744
2022	47,730	1,772
2021	52,109	1,773
2020	60,888	1,816
2019	61,433	1,841
2018	60,635	1,873
2017	57,940	1,912
2016	62,086	1,989
2015	64,473	2,064
2014	66,078	2,135
2013	62,618	2,199
2012	55,942	2,255
2011	50,711	2,298
2010	44,914	2,332
2009	48,876	2,358
2008	45,843	2,397
2007	39,636	2,423
2006	33,609	2,459
2005	29,290	2,495
2004	28,418	2,478
2003	28,827	2,448
2002	30,439	2,396
2001	32,052	2,358
2000	32,753	2,346
1999	32,283	2,352
1998	31,757	2,344
1997	32,403	2,332
1996	33,741	2,393
1995	34,473	2,476
1994	34,711	2,547
1993	36,924	2,594
1992	42,437	2,622
1991	47,884	2,637
1990	49,443	2,641
1989	51,420	2,644
1988	51,588	2,649
1987	51,140	2,646
1986	50,329	2,704
1985	49,944	2,762
1984	48,562	2,814
1983	46,919	2,840
1982	45,179	2,853
1981	43,588	2,882
1980	42,343	2,885
1979	41,568	2,884
1978	40,276	2,862
1977	38,995	2,822
1976	37,670	2,769
1975	36,490	2,709
1974	35,297	2,650
1973	33,993	2,617
1972	32,727	2,605
1971	31,536	2,611
1970	30,558	2,628
1969	29,781	2,632
1968	29,017	2,614
1967	28,178	2,603
1966	27,338	2,550
1965	26,364	2,498
1964	25,317	2,445
1963	24,142	2,394
1962	22,960	2,343
1961	21,873	2,284
1960	20,726	2,230

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.35% in Mongolia and +1.67% in Tonga.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.81% in Mongolia and +1.79% in Tonga.

Birth rate in Mongolia vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Mongolia

Tonga

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Mongolia	Tonga
2023	19	23.1
2022	19.5	23.4
2021	21.6	23.5
2020	23.4	23.6
2019	24.4	23.8
2018	24.5	24.1
2017	23.9	24.5
2016	25.9	25.2
2015	27.1	25.8
2014	28	26.4
2013	27.5	26.9
2012	26	27.3
2011	25.1	27.7
2010	23.1	28
2009	24.8	28.4
2008	23.9	28.7
2007	21.9	29
2006	20	29.5
2005	18.6	30
2004	18.4	30
2003	18.6	29.9
2002	19.4	29.5
2001	20.3	29.4
2000	20.8	29.4
1999	21.1	29.6
1998	21.4	29.7
1997	22.2	29.8
1996	23.3	30.6
1995	24	31.4
1994	24.5	32.2
1993	25.8	32.7
1992	28.8	33
1991	31.9	33.2
1990	34.1	33.3
1989	35.3	33.4
1988	36.4	33.5
1987	37.2	33.7
1986	37.7	34.4
1985	38.5	34.9
1984	38.7	35.4
1983	38.6	35.6
1982	38.5	35.8
1981	38.4	36
1980	38.4	36.1
1979	38.7	36.1
1978	38.9	36
1977	39	35.7
1976	39.1	35.6
1975	39.3	35.8
1974	39.5	36
1973	39.6	36.5
1972	39.8	37
1971	40	37.8
1970	40.4	38.8
1969	40.9	39.6
1968	41.6	40.3
1967	42.3	41
1966	43.1	41.4
1965	43.6	41.9
1964	44	42.4
1963	44.2	42.9
1962	44.1	43.4
1961	44.2	43.9
1960	44.1	44.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 19 in Mongolia and 23.1 in Tonga, compared with 44.1 and 44.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Mongolia

Factual

UN forecast

Tonga

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Mongolia	Tonga
2100	16.3%	17.5%
2099	16.4%	17.6%
2098	16.4%	17.7%
2097	16.5%	17.7%
2096	16.6%	17.9%
2095	16.7%	18%
2094	16.8%	18.1%
2093	16.9%	18.3%
2092	17%	18.4%
2091	17.2%	18.6%
2090	17.3%	18.8%
2089	17.4%	19%
2088	17.6%	19.3%
2087	17.7%	19.5%
2086	17.9%	19.7%
2085	18%	20%
2084	18.1%	20.2%
2083	18.2%	20.4%
2082	18.3%	20.7%
2081	18.4%	20.9%
2080	18.5%	21.1%
2079	18.6%	21.3%
2078	18.6%	21.5%
2077	18.7%	21.7%
2076	18.7%	21.9%
2075	18.7%	22%
2074	18.7%	22.2%
2073	18.8%	22.3%
2072	18.8%	22.4%
2071	18.9%	22.6%
2070	18.9%	22.7%
2069	19%	22.8%
2068	19.1%	23%
2067	19.3%	23.2%
2066	19.4%	23.4%
2065	19.6%	23.6%
2064	19.8%	23.8%
2063	20.1%	24.1%
2062	20.4%	24.4%
2061	20.7%	24.7%
2060	21%	25%
2059	21.3%	25.4%
2058	21.6%	25.8%
2057	21.9%	26.2%
2056	22.2%	26.6%
2055	22.5%	27%
2054	22.7%	27.4%
2053	23%	27.8%
2052	23.1%	28.2%
2051	23.3%	28.5%
2050	23.3%	28.9%
2049	23.4%	29.1%
2048	23.4%	29.4%
2047	23.3%	29.6%
2046	23.3%	29.7%
2045	23.2%	29.8%
2044	23.1%	29.9%
2043	23%	30%
2042	22.9%	30.1%
2041	22.8%	30.1%
2040	22.8%	30.2%
2039	22.9%	30.2%
2038	23%	30.3%
2037	23.3%	30.4%
2036	23.6%	30.6%
2035	24%	30.7%
2034	24.6%	30.9%
2033	25.2%	31.1%
2032	25.9%	31.4%
2031	26.8%	31.8%
2030	27.8%	32.3%
2029	28.8%	33%
2028	29.7%	33.6%
2027	30.5%	34.1%
2026	31.2%	34.6%
2025	31.9%	35.2%
2024	32.2%	35.4%
2023	32.6%	35.6%
2022	32.9%	35.6%
2021	32.9%	35.7%
2020	32.8%	35.8%
2019	32.3%	36%
2018	31.6%	36.2%
2017	30.9%	36.4%
2016	30.2%	36.5%
2015	29.5%	36.7%
2014	28.9%	36.9%
2013	28.5%	37.1%
2012	28.1%	37.2%
2011	28%	37.4%
2010	27.9%	37.6%
2009	27.9%	37.8%
2008	28.1%	38%
2007	28.5%	38.3%
2006	29.1%	38.3%
2005	29.9%	38.3%
2004	30.8%	38.2%
2003	31.8%	38.1%
2002	32.9%	38.1%
2001	34.1%	38.2%
2000	35.2%	38.3%
1999	36.2%	38.6%
1998	37%	38.9%
1997	37.8%	39.3%
1996	38.4%	39.7%
1995	39%	39.9%
1994	39.5%	40.1%
1993	40%	40.3%
1992	40.5%	40.5%
1991	41%	40.6%
1990	41.4%	40.8%
1989	41.7%	40.9%
1988	41.8%	41.2%
1987	42%	41.5%
1986	42.1%	41.7%
1985	42.3%	42%
1984	42.5%	42.4%
1983	42.7%	42.9%
1982	43%	43.4%
1981	43.3%	43.9%
1980	43.7%	44.3%
1979	44.1%	44.8%
1978	44.5%	45.3%
1977	44.8%	45.8%
1976	45.2%	46.1%
1975	45.4%	46.2%
1974	45.6%	46.2%
1973	45.8%	46.2%
1972	45.8%	46.3%
1971	45.8%	46.4%
1970	45.6%	46.4%
1969	45.4%	46.3%
1968	44.9%	46.2%
1967	44.2%	46%
1966	43.3%	45.9%
1965	42.4%	45.9%
1964	41.4%	45.9%
1963	40.4%	45.9%
1962	39.6%	45.8%
1961	38.8%	45.7%
1960	38.1%	45.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 32.2% of the population in Mongolia and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 41.4% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mongolia and Tonga compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Mongolia vs Tonga

Chart Table

Mongolia

Tonga

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mongolia	Tonga
2023	41	67
2022	41	72
2021	63	76
2020	47	74
2019	45	73
2018	45	74
2017	45	77
2016	48	78
2015	52	79
2014	56	80
2013	59	80
2012	63	83
2011	67	84
2010	71	85
2009	75	91
2008	77	88
2007	81	88
2006	90	89
2005	99	92
2004	108	92
2003	114	95
2002	120	98
2001	130	98
2000	144	100
1999	162	99
1998	174	104
1997	180	111
1996	178	113
1995	176	117
1994	178	123
1993	181	127
1992	199	129
1991	227	134
1990	276	138
1989	311	139
1988	335	145
1987	341	147
1986	346	149
1985	352	148

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 41 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mongolia, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Mongolia

Tonga

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Mongolia	Tonga
2023	1.36%	0.99%
2022	1.39%	1.02%
2021	1.43%	1.05%
2020	1.48%	1.08%
2019	1.56%	1.1%
2018	1.64%	1.12%
2017	1.74%	1.15%
2016	1.84%	1.17%
2015	1.94%	1.19%
2014	2.04%	1.22%
2013	2.15%	1.24%
2012	2.28%	1.26%
2011	2.44%	1.29%
2010	2.63%	1.31%
2009	2.85%	1.34%
2008	3.11%	1.37%
2007	3.39%	1.41%
2006	3.71%	1.44%
2005	4.07%	1.48%
2004	4.45%	1.52%
2003	4.87%	1.56%
2002	5.32%	1.61%
2001	5.8%	1.65%
2000	6.29%	1.7%
1999	6.78%	1.74%
1998	7.27%	1.78%
1997	7.74%	1.81%
1996	8.19%	1.85%
1995	8.6%	1.89%
1994	9%	1.94%
1993	9.39%	2%
1992	9.78%	2.06%
1991	10.2%	2.14%
1990	10.7%	2.21%
1989	11.1%	2.29%
1988	11.7%	2.37%
1987	12.2%	2.44%
1986	12.8%	2.51%
1985	13.4%	2.57%
1984	13.9%	2.63%
1983	14.4%	2.7%
1982	15%	2.78%
1981	15.5%	2.87%
1980	16.1%	2.97%
1979	16.7%	3.09%
1978	17.3%	3.22%
1977	-	3.37%
1976	-	3.53%
1975	-	3.71%
1974	-	3.9%
1973	-	4.11%
1972	-	4.35%
1971	-	4.61%
1970	-	4.91%
1969	-	5.25%
1968	-	5.63%
1967	-	6.03%
1966	-	6.45%
1965	-	6.89%
1964	-	7.35%
1963	-	7.83%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.36% in Mongolia and 0.99% in Tonga. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.