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Economy of France vs Kenya compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $120B for Kenya, ranking 7/197 and 64/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $81B (67.3% of GDP) in Kenya.

France vs Kenya GDP by year

France
Kenya
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Kenya
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $120,339,557,906
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $107,500,884,685
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $114,448,978,153
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $109,703,658,905
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $100,657,505,751
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $100,378,436,207
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $92,202,979,985
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $82,036,510,877
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $74,815,144,164
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $70,120,446,897
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $68,285,796,514
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $61,671,440,408
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $56,396,704,672
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $46,869,473,151
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $45,405,615,064
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $42,347,217,913
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $35,895,153,328
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $31,958,195,182
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $25,825,512,284
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $18,737,895,513
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $16,095,337,094
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $14,904,517,650
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $13,147,736,899
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $12,986,007,426
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $12,705,350,098
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $12,896,010,459
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $14,093,998,844
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $13,115,764,358
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $12,045,865,396
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $9,046,320,255
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $7,148,148,564
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $5,751,786,643
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $8,209,120,763
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $8,151,488,783
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $8,572,359,038
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $8,283,114,514
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $8,355,380,879
1987 $926,320,855,615 $7,970,820,369
1986 $764,946,585,851 $7,239,126,568
1985 $547,220,981,165 $6,135,034,214
1984 $525,033,325,828 $6,191,437,070
1983 $553,356,312,936 $5,979,198,314
1982 $578,152,310,610 $6,431,579,357
1981 $609,184,791,792 $6,854,491,706
1980 $694,529,183,483 $7,265,315,820
1979 $608,218,624,730 $6,234,391,113
1978 $501,724,418,605 $5,303,735,111
1977 $406,401,711,688 $4,494,378,764
1976 $368,363,152,144 $3,474,542,392
1975 $357,324,307,786 $3,259,345,083
1974 $282,739,225,314 $2,969,958,812
1973 $261,970,536,240 $2,509,001,324
1972 $201,738,881,664 $2,107,279,157
1971 $164,694,210,962 $1,778,391,289
1970 $147,312,861,698 $1,603,447,359
1969 $140,660,914,841 $1,458,379,417
1968 $128,710,572,572 $1,353,295,459
1967 $118,088,635,381 $1,232,559,507
1966 $109,306,730,313 $1,164,519,674
1965 $100,927,668,584 $997,919,321
1964 $93,424,179,943 $998,759,334
1963 $84,227,606,650 $926,589,349
1962 $75,196,980,365 $868,111,401
1961 $67,158,050,215 $792,959,473
1960 $61,959,085,885 $791,265,459

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Kenya by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Kenya
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Kenya
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $2,132 $6,644
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $1,943 $6,317
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $2,110 $5,883
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $2,061 $5,339
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $1,928 $4,793
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $1,960 $4,687
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $1,836 $4,412
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $1,667 $4,177
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $1,554 $3,917
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $1,489 $3,678
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $1,483 $3,359
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $1,371 $3,106
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $1,285 $2,847
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $1,096 $2,750
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $1,092 $2,635
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $1,048 $2,480
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $916 $2,459
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $840 $2,481
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $700 $2,330
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $523 $2,189
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $464 $2,066
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $443 $1,975
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $403 $1,940
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $411 $1,961
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $415 $1,907
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $434 $1,910
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $488 $1,895
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $467 $1,865
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $441 $1,875
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $340 $1,818
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $276.4 $1,754
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $229 $1,723
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $337 $1,728
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $345 $1,756
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $374 $1,729
1989 $17,547 - $374 -
1988 $17,550 - $391 -
1987 $16,176 - $387 -
1986 $13,430 - $364 -
1985 $9,657 - $320 -
1984 $9,312 - $334 -
1983 $9,862 - $335 -
1982 $10,360 - $374 -
1981 $10,956 - $413 -
1980 $12,565 - $454 -
1979 $11,063 - $403 -
1978 $9,167 - $355 -
1977 $7,459 - $311 -
1976 $6,792 - $248.9 -
1975 $6,617 - $241.2 -
1974 $5,261 - $227.2 -
1973 $4,907 - $198.6 -
1972 $3,809 - $172.6 -
1971 $3,137 - $150.9 -
1970 $2,833 - $141 -
1969 $2,729 - $133.3 -
1968 $2,518 - $128.7 -
1967 $2,328 - $121.9 -
1966 $2,173 - $119.8 -
1965 $2,024 - $106.9 -
1964 $1,891 - $111.3 -
1963 $1,723 - $107.4 -
1962 $1,554 - $104.6 -
1961 $1,402 - $99.3 -
1960 $1,307 - $102.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $2,132 in Kenya, ranking 154/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Kenya ranks 149th at $6,644.

Economic indicators

France Kenya
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$120B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
64/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
4.72%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$2,132
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
154/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$6,644
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
149/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$81B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
67.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$1,436
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
133/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$3,229
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$15B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
23.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
4.49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
9.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
5.44%
2022
Population
68788006
58955623

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Kenya
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Kenya
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 23.3% 67.3%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 22.7% 73.4%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 23.2% 67.8%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 24% 68.2%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 24.8% 68%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 24.4% 59.1%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 24.5% 56.4%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 25.2% 53.9%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 25.4% 50.4%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 23.8% 45.8%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 23.4% 41.3%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 23.2% 39.8%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 22.1% 37.6%
2011 57% 88.7% 20.1% 35.7%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 21.5% 36.7%
2009 58% 84.1% 20.3% 36%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 18.9% 34.3%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 18.1% 34.2%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 17.3% 37.1%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 16.2% 37.4%
2004 54% 66.9% 15.4% 40.8%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 16% 43.8%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 15.7% 42%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 14.9% 41.3%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 14.1% 43.1%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 13.7% 38.4%
1998 54% 62.1% 15.3% 38.5%
1997 55.6% 62% 15.6% 36%
1996 56% 60.6% 15.2% 40.5%
1995 56% 57.8% 17.3% 52.1%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 18.8% 57%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 18.9% 61.6%
1992 54% 41.7% 17.6% 41.2%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 16.4% 43%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 17.2% 37.6%
1989 48.9% 34% 16.3% 33.4%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 15.9% 33.9%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 15.5% 36.3%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 15.3% 31.3%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 15.6% 28.8%
1984 51.2% 29% 14.9% 25.6%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 14.6% 26.1%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 16.2% 26.9%
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Kenya spent $28B, or 23.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 67.3% in Kenya, ranking 14/185 and 64/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Kenya
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Kenya
2024 -5.77% -5.77%
2023 -5.44% -5.71%
2022 -4.74% -6.06%
2021 -6.58% -7.2%
2020 -8.93% -8.13%
2019 -2.39% -7.42%
2018 -2.32% -6.94%
2017 -3.36% -7.4%
2016 -3.76% -7.47%
2015 -3.89% -6.68%
2014 -4.57% -5.75%
2013 -4.94% -5.25%
2012 -5.17% -5.29%
2011 -5.3% -3.64%
2010 -7.16% -3.67%
2009 -7.38% -3.12%
2008 -3.5% -1.95%
2007 -2.99% -0.95%
2006 -2.66% -0.43%
2005 -3.5% -0.19%
2004 -3.55% 0.5%
2003 -4.09% -0.73%
2002 -3.18% -1.29%
2001 -1.42% -0.53%
2000 -1.32% 0.38%
1999 -1.55% 0.84%
1998 -2.39% -0.03%
1997 -3.71% -0.91%
1996 -3.89% -0.49%
1995 -5.11% -0.23%
1994 -5.46% -4.14%
1993 -6.4% -8.57%
1992 -4.64% -8.28%
1991 -2.89% -6.56%
1990 -2.45% -3.28%
1989 -1.9% -2.39%
1988 -2.7% -1.97%
1987 -2.13% -2.27%
1986 -3.3% -2.98%
1985 -3.08% -3.05%
1984 -2.8% -2.55%
1983 -2.58% -2.17%
1982 -2.91% -3.07%
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Kenya's deficit of $6.94B, or 5.77% of GDP.

Over the past 43 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 43 of those years, while Kenya ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 3.9% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.55% of GDP for Kenya.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Kenya
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Kenya
2024 2% 4.49%
2023 4.88% 7.67%
2022 5.22% 7.66%
2021 1.64% 6.11%
2020 0.48% 5.41%
2019 1.11% 5.24%
2018 1.85% 4.69%
2017 1.03% 8.01%
2016 0.18% 6.3%
2015 0.04% 6.58%
2014 0.51% 6.88%
2013 0.86% 5.72%
2012 1.95% 9.38%
2011 2.11% 14%
2010 1.53% 3.96%
2009 0.09% 9.23%
2008 2.81% 26.2%
2007 1.49% 9.76%
2006 1.68% 14.5%
2005 1.75% 10.3%
2004 2.14% 11.6%
2003 2.1% 9.82%
2002 1.92% 1.96%
2001 1.63% 5.74%
2000 1.68% 9.98%
1999 0.54% 5.74%
1998 0.65% 6.72%
1997 1.2% 11.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 8.39% in Kenya. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 4.49% in Kenya.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $80.3M
Machinery & equipment $45.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.5M
Metals $12.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.35M
Raw agricultural goods $4.74M
Raw materials & minerals $3.29M
Wood & paper products $3.12M
Miscellaneous $2.7M
Animal & marine products $2.13M
Kenya
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $63.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $36M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.39M
Chemicals & pharma $2.63M
Animal & marine products $1.29M
Machinery & equipment $567K
Precious metals & jewellery $160K
Raw materials & minerals $75K
Metals $68K
Miscellaneous $35K

Balance of trade

France Kenya
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$1.55B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
134/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-1.29%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$22.2B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$5.64B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$8.04B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
23.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
17.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Kenya
Economic freedom 64.6 55.5
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 128/197
Property rights 91.2 40.2
Government integrity 73.4 32.7
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 47
Tax burden 54.6 76.3
Government spending 0.9 84.1
Fiscal health 34.8 36.2
Business freedom 78.4 61.5
Labor freedom 59.1 56.5
Monetary freedom 73.2 75.1
Trade freedom 79.4 52
Investment freedom 75 55
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Kenya
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Kenya
2026 64.6 55.5
2025 64.4 54.8
2024 62.5 53.6
2023 63.6 52.5
2022 65.9 52.6
2021 65.7 54.9
2020 66 55.3
2019 63.8 55.1
2018 63.9 54.7
2017 63.3 53.5
2016 62.3 57.5
2015 62.5 55.6
2014 63.5 57.1
2013 64.1 55.9
2012 63.2 57.5
2011 64.6 57.4
2010 64.2 57.5
2009 63.3 58.7
2008 64.7 59.3
2007 62.1 59.6
2006 61.1 59.7
2005 60.5 57.9
2004 60.9 57.7
2003 59.2 58.6
2002 58 58.2
2001 58 57.6
2000 57.4 59.7
1999 59.1 58.2
1998 58.9 58.4
1997 59.1 60.1
1996 63.7 56.4
1995 64.4 54.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 55.5 for Kenya, ranking 128/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Kenya
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
55.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
16.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
22.5%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$118B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$6,540
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$10.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
75/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$45.8M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$463M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$418M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.79%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
39.8%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
16.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/kenya | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.