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Economy of France vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $14.9B for Mauritius, ranking 7/197 and 143/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.57T in government debt (119.1% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (91.3% of GDP) in Mauritius.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

France
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mauritius
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
France Mauritius
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $61,959,085,885 $510,927,948,959 $162,089,564 $968,988,710
1961 $67,158,050,215 $536,200,619,107 $191,757,729 $1,190,393,861
1962 $75,196,980,365 $572,963,952,580 $197,738,208 $1,199,994,232
1963 $84,227,606,650 $607,933,884,141 $253,839,558 $1,366,727,738
1964 $93,424,179,943 $647,952,997,537 $218,914,569 $1,272,567,126
1965 $100,927,668,584 $679,305,823,934 $230,024,161 $1,313,250,841
1966 $109,306,730,313 $714,382,070,501 $227,534,083 $1,266,391,365
1967 $118,088,635,381 $748,685,060,225 $238,439,291 $1,321,911,601
1968 $128,710,572,572 $782,705,445,712 $206,576,631 $1,230,836,442
1969 $140,660,914,841 $838,227,806,923 $221,553,613 $1,291,553,246
1970 $147,312,861,698 $890,199,392,706 $224,125,805 $1,286,356,771
1971 $164,694,210,962 $937,321,618,884 $251,437,338 $1,341,330,044
1972 $201,738,881,664 $979,633,325,318 $318,664,900 $1,453,282,307
1973 $261,970,536,240 $1,040,317,535,197 $404,285,775 $1,627,410,035
1974 $282,739,225,314 $1,086,244,576,614 $669,894,030 $1,770,814,578
1975 $357,324,307,786 $1,075,972,943,434 $673,311,287 $1,786,859,757
1976 $368,363,152,144 $1,122,643,877,509 $713,510,052 $2,211,282,621
1977 $406,401,711,688 $1,162,544,388,758 $834,722,972 $2,356,068,983
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,208,457,476,980 $1,029,040,323 $2,446,325,417
1979 $608,218,624,730 $1,253,113,736,481 $1,227,446,632 $2,532,351,080
1980 $694,529,183,483 $1,274,121,102,725 $1,147,027,924 $2,277,564,692
1981 $609,184,791,792 $1,289,261,671,632 $1,157,769,444 $2,411,539,084
1982 $578,152,310,610 $1,320,752,051,529 $1,092,923,636 $2,544,103,219
1983 $553,356,312,936 $1,337,420,703,410 $1,104,956,573 $2,553,867,368
1984 $525,033,325,828 $1,358,946,108,005 $1,054,564,759 $2,673,857,908
1985 $547,220,981,165 $1,380,268,983,034 $1,090,611,325 $2,859,810,700
1986 $764,946,585,851 $1,413,251,000,996 $1,482,601,552 $3,138,414,411
1987 $926,320,855,615 $1,449,327,712,382 $1,906,174,438 $3,417,452,086
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $1,519,101,594,975 $2,163,252,449 $3,649,543,107
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $1,586,020,591,646 $2,211,312,823 $3,812,500,631
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $1,630,899,060,963 $2,689,212,760 $4,086,495,015
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $1,651,067,777,785 $2,895,354,736 $4,267,749,306
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $1,676,098,974,379 $3,267,677,814 $4,545,694,954
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $1,670,081,815,759 $3,307,302,126 $4,776,710,033
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $1,709,890,902,349 $3,606,050,873 $4,974,281,585
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $1,749,300,344,480 $4,094,741,652 $5,187,565,675
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $1,773,739,467,493 $4,481,489,762 $5,477,438,749
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $1,818,562,957,062 $4,243,755,308 $5,788,966,841
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $1,881,350,558,838 $4,225,813,976 $6,140,469,444
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $1,945,303,460,550 $4,402,193,195 $6,300,792,947
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $2,025,858,476,151 $4,726,108,622 $6,817,633,871
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $2,064,338,989,613 $4,675,755,867 $7,045,856,941
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,086,380,974,763 $4,906,494,249 $7,159,641,800
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $2,106,573,536,968 $5,894,873,920 $7,583,882,472
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $2,166,995,343,502 $6,667,418,752 $7,912,266,089
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $2,207,920,477,337 $6,576,108,447 $8,052,910,022
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $2,267,844,862,926 $7,137,710,413 $8,444,727,952
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $2,325,232,266,329 $8,277,442,915 $8,928,358,886
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $2,334,072,135,222 $10,127,777,060 $9,409,326,235
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $2,268,145,064,849 $9,264,513,545 $9,721,252,645
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $2,313,515,332,183 $10,144,716,155 $10,146,771,629
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $2,369,909,039,106 $11,677,718,382 $10,560,510,104
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $2,374,265,767,668 $11,832,323,837 $10,929,718,038
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $2,392,826,743,357 $12,434,596,541 $11,297,000,949
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $2,416,703,156,974 $13,230,490,082 $11,729,333,766
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $2,442,483,452,643 $12,162,211,503 $12,162,211,503
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $2,463,489,569,347 $12,757,680,847 $12,631,973,063
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $2,514,819,204,088 $13,896,938,315 $13,129,418,116
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $2,556,210,832,760 $14,957,535,716 $13,655,479,839
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $2,608,036,638,906 $14,645,235,205 $14,050,298,678
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $2,413,981,867,676 $11,566,111,138 $12,006,466,621
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $2,580,120,255,052 $11,622,048,697 $12,415,142,571
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $2,650,215,998,256 $12,936,444,123 $13,494,399,202
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $2,688,358,302,961 $14,072,212,290 $14,170,187,785
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $2,720,362,347,820 $14,937,861,786 $14,868,086,969

Economic indicators

France Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$14.9B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP growth
3.41%
2023-2024
6.15%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$11,991
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
78/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$61,290
2024
$31,840
2024
Government debt
$3.57T
2024
$13.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
119.1%
2026
91.3%
2026
Government debt per person
$52,145
2024
$10,955
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
52/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$33,898
2026
$7,323
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$9.12B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,868,031
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.4%
2026
30.8%
2026
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
3.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.39%
2024
5.57%
2023
Population
68756508
1239793

GDP per capita in France vs Mauritius

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $11,991 in Mauritius, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 29th at $61,290, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
France Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,307 - $238.3 -
1961 $1,402 - $281.7 -
1962 $1,554 - $282.3 -
1963 $1,723 - $353 -
1964 $1,891 - $297.3 -
1965 $2,024 - $305 -
1966 $2,173 - $296 -
1967 $2,328 - $304 -
1968 $2,518 - $258.7 -
1969 $2,729 - $272.7 -
1970 $2,833 - $271.3 -
1971 $3,137 - $299.6 -
1972 $3,809 - $374 -
1973 $4,907 - $467 -
1974 $5,261 - $763 -
1975 $6,617 - $755 -
1976 $6,792 - $787 -
1977 $7,459 - $906 -
1978 $9,167 - $1,102 -
1979 $11,063 - $1,292 -
1980 $12,565 - $1,187 -
1981 $10,956 - $1,181 -
1982 $10,360 - $1,101 -
1983 $9,862 - $1,103 -
1984 $9,312 - $1,042 -
1985 $9,657 - $1,069 -
1986 $13,430 - $1,442 -
1987 $16,176 - $1,840 -
1988 $17,550 - $2,074 -
1989 $17,547 - $2,103 -
1990 $21,586 $17,472 $2,540 $5,010
1991 $21,501 $18,178 $2,705 $5,351
1992 $23,615 $18,790 $3,013 $5,753
1993 $22,239 $19,071 $3,014 $6,116
1994 $23,360 $19,874 $3,240 $6,414
1995 $26,792 $20,688 $3,648 $6,771
1996 $26,758 $21,261 $3,952 $7,206
1997 $24,169 $22,185 $3,696 $7,651
1998 $24,869 $23,261 $3,642 $8,121
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $3,746 $8,344
2000 $22,341 $26,002 $3,982 $9,143
2001 $22,332 $27,350 $3,909 $9,586
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $4,073 $9,824
2003 $29,480 $28,028 $4,858 $10,535
2004 $33,645 $28,925 $5,461 $11,216
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $5,354 $11,703
2006 $36,432 $32,430 $5,784 $12,593
2007 $41,486 $34,067 $6,677 $13,612
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $8,141 $14,569
2009 $41,728 $34,667 $7,427 $15,105
2010 $40,695 $35,912 $8,113 $15,920
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $9,324 $16,884
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $9,422 $17,259
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $9,877 $18,435
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $10,490 $19,294
2015 $36,702 $40,916 $9,631 $20,270
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $10,095 $21,952
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $10,987 $22,898
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $11,819 $23,416
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $11,568 $24,375
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $9,136 $21,622
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $9,178 $23,010
2022 $40,989 $56,083 $10,247 $26,874
2023 $44,700 $58,245 $11,270 $29,561
2024 $46,103 $61,290 $11,991 $31,840

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.4% of its GDP, while Mauritius' spent $5.04B, or 30.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 119.1% in France and 91.3% in Mauritius, ranking 12/185 and 28/185, respectively.

France
Government spending

Government debt
Mauritius
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
France Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1990 51.6% 36.8% 30.2% -
1991 52.7% 37.8% 27.2% -
1992 54% 41.7% 26.8% -
1993 56.5% 48.2% 24.5% -
1994 55.9% 51.6% 27.5% -
1995 56% 57.8% 27.3% -
1996 56% 60.6% 27.4% -
1997 55.6% 62% 27.5% -
1998 54% 62.1% 26.6% -
1999 53.7% 61.4% 27.5% -
2000 52.6% 59.7% 22.2% 59.7%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 22.4% 60.5%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 23.3% 66.7%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 23.4% 70.8%
2004 54% 66.9% 22.6% 61.1%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 23% 61.7%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 22.2% 59.3%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 21.5% 51.6%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 22.7% 49.4%
2009 58% 84.1% 25.2% 58.4%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 24% 56.4%
2011 57% 88.7% 23.7% 56.5%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 22.5% 55.9%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 24.1% 58.2%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 23% 60.6%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 24.5% 65%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 24% 64.3%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 24.3% 63%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 24.3% 64.1%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 27.8% 74.6%
2020 61.7% 114.8% 32.6% 93.4%
2021 59.5% 112.7% 30.8% 93.8%
2022 58.4% 111.3% 29.3% 86.9%
2023 56.9% 109.7% 29.9% 85.6%
2024 57.2% 113.1% 33.7% 91.4%
2025 57.3% 116.3% 31.9% 93.2%
2026 57.4% 119.1% 30.8% 91.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$183B, equivalent to -5.79% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of -$1.06B, or -7.11% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to -4.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.18% of GDP for Mauritius.

Deficit/surplus
France

Mauritius
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Mauritius
1880 0.65% -
1881 0.64% -
1882 -0.15% -
1883 -0.23% -
1884 -0.35% -
1885 -0.59% -
1886 -0.5% -
1887 -0.07% -
1888 0.18% -
1889 0.09% -
1890 0.31% -
1891 0.36% -
1892 -0.03% -
1893 -0.3% -
1894 -0.08% -
1895 -0.07% -
1896 -0.03% -
1897 0.01% -
1898 0.29% -
1899 0.21% -
1900 0.21% -
1901 -0.39% -
1902 -0.37% -
1903 0.21% -
1904 0.3% -
1905 0.18% -
1906 -0.04% -
1907 0.23% -
1908 -0.15% -
1909 -0.11% -
1910 -0.12% -
1911 0.31% -
1912 0.23% -
1913 0.05% -
1914 0.05% -
1915 0.05% -
1916 0.05% -
1917 0.05% -
1918 0.05% -
1919 -2.65% -
1920 6.6% -
1921 4.63% -
1922 2.42% -
1923 1.85% -
1924 2.11% -
1925 -0.87% -
1926 -0.02% -
1927 -0.04% -
1928 1.13% -
1929 1.48% -
1930 -1.65% -
1931 -2.06% -
1932 -1.86% -
1933 -4.96% -
1934 -4.31% -
1935 -4.22% -
1936 -4.76% -
1937 -6.89% -
1938 -6.89% -
1939 -6.89% -
1940 -6.89% -
1941 -6.89% -
1942 -6.89% -
1943 -6.89% -
1944 -6.89% -
1945 -6.89% -
1946 -8.1% -
1947 -7.6% -
1948 -9.11% -
1949 -7.31% -
1950 -5.56% -
1951 -4.42% -
1952 -6.82% -
1953 -4.79% -
1954 -0.78% -
1955 -1.04% -
1956 -2.62% -
1957 -1.99% -
1958 0.08% -
1959 0.56% -
1960 -1.95% -
1961 -1.36% -
1962 -1.53% -
1963 -2.24% -
1964 -0.25% -
1965 -0.07% -
1966 -0.57% -
1967 -0.8% -
1968 -2.54% -
1969 -0.49% -
1970 0.02% -
1971 -0.13% -
1972 1.94% -
1973 1.97% -
1974 3.05% -
1975 -0.28% -
1976 1.01% -
1977 0.9% -
1978 -1.73% -
1979 -0.36% -
1980 -0.27% -
1981 -2.39% -
1982 -2.91% -
1983 -2.58% -
1984 -2.8% -
1985 -3.08% -
1986 -3.3% -
1987 -2.13% -
1988 -2.7% -
1989 -1.9% -
1990 -2.45% -
1991 -2.89% -
1992 -4.64% -
1993 -6.4% -
1994 -5.46% -
1995 -5.11% -
1996 -3.89% -
1997 -3.71% -
1998 -2.39% -
1999 -1.55% -
2000 -1.32% -4.4%
2001 -1.42% -5.53%
2002 -3.18% -5.18%
2003 -4.09% -4.82%
2004 -3.55% -4.34%
2005 -3.5% -4.44%
2006 -2.66% -4.14%
2007 -2.99% -3.09%
2008 -3.5% -2.66%
2009 -7.38% -3.41%
2010 -7.16% -3.07%
2011 -5.3% -3.09%
2012 -5.17% -1.78%
2013 -4.94% -3.4%
2014 -4.57% -3.13%
2015 -3.89% -3.59%
2016 -3.76% -2.81%
2017 -3.36% -1.66%
2018 -2.32% -2.19%
2019 -2.39% -7.53%
2020 -8.93% -10.6%
2021 -6.58% -4.44%
2022 -4.74% -3.31%
2023 -5.45% -4.71%
2024 -5.79% -7.11%
2025 -5.46% -3.75%
2026 -5.94% -2.43%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 4.92% in Mauritius. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 3.6% in Mauritius.

Inflation
France

Mauritius
Year Inflation
France Mauritius
1997 1.2% 6.83%
1998 0.65% 6.81%
1999 0.54% 6.91%
2000 1.68% 4.2%
2001 1.63% 5.39%
2002 1.92% 6.42%
2003 2.1% 3.92%
2004 2.14% 4.71%
2005 1.75% 4.94%
2006 1.68% 8.91%
2007 1.49% 8.83%
2008 2.81% 9.73%
2009 0.09% 2.52%
2010 1.53% 2.93%
2011 2.11% 6.52%
2012 1.95% 3.85%
2013 0.86% 3.54%
2014 0.51% 3.22%
2015 0.04% 1.29%
2016 0.18% 0.98%
2017 1.03% 3.67%
2018 1.85% 3.22%
2019 1.11% 0.41%
2020 0.48% 2.58%
2021 1.64% 4.03%
2022 5.22% 10.8%
2023 4.88% 7.05%
2024 2% 3.6%

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $135M
Chemicals & pharma $91.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $84.2M
Precious metals & jewellery $40.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $36.7M
Raw agricultural goods $33.2M
Animal & marine products $27M
Metals $11.1M
Wood & paper products $7.74M
Raw materials & minerals $7.16M
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $54.7M
Precious metals & jewellery $48.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $42.2M
Machinery & equipment $40.8M
Chemicals & pharma $14.3M
Animal & marine products $9.99M
Metals $7.69M
Wood & paper products $6.61M
Raw agricultural goods $6.18M
Miscellaneous $6.07M

Balance of trade

France Mauritius
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
67.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Mauritius
Economic freedom 64.4 75
Economic freedom ranking 69/197 18/197
Property rights 92.9 86.4
Government integrity 74.3 53.2
Judicial effectiveness 84.2 81
Tax burden 54.3 89.8
Government spending 0 77.1
Fiscal health 30 64.9
Business freedom 81.9 82.9
Labor freedom 60.2 69.3
Monetary freedom 70.3 67.4
Trade freedom 79.6 87.4
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.4, ranking 69/197, compared to 75 for Mauritius, ranking 18/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

France
Mauritius
Year Economic freedom index
France Mauritius
1995 64.4 -
1996 63.7 -
1997 59.1 -
1998 58.9 -
1999 59.1 68.5
2000 57.4 67.2
2001 58 66.4
2002 58 67.7
2003 59.2 64.4
2004 60.9 64.3
2005 60.5 67.2
2006 61.1 67.4
2007 62.1 69.4
2008 64.7 72.6
2009 63.3 74.3
2010 64.2 76.3
2011 64.6 76.2
2012 63.2 77
2013 64.1 76.9
2014 63.5 76.5
2015 62.5 76.4
2016 62.3 74.7
2017 63.3 74.7
2018 63.9 75.1
2019 63.8 73
2020 66 74.9
2021 65.7 77
2022 65.9 70.9
2023 63.6 70.6
2024 62.5 71.5
2025 64.4 75

More economic indicators

France Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
64.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
17.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
4.23%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$16.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$62,590
2024
$35,100
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$8.51B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
83/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs France vs Mauritius
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.