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Economy of France vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

France has a GDP of $3.37T compared to $16.2B for Mauritius, ranking 7/197 and 144/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.9T in government debt (116% of GDP), compared to $14B (86.5% of GDP) in Mauritius.

France vs Mauritius GDP by year

France
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Mauritius
2025 $3,366,315,927,447 $16,157,804,492
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $14,938,055,690
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $14,072,212,290
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $12,936,444,123
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $11,622,048,697
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $11,566,111,138
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $14,645,235,205
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $14,957,535,716
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $13,896,938,315
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $12,757,680,847
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $12,162,211,503
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $13,230,490,082
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $12,434,596,541
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $11,832,323,837
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $11,677,718,382
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $10,144,716,155
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $9,264,482,256
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $10,127,741,915
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $8,277,474,850
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $7,137,710,413
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $6,576,108,447
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $6,667,418,752
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $5,894,873,920
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $4,906,494,249
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $4,675,755,867
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $4,726,108,622
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $4,402,193,195
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $4,225,813,976
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $4,243,755,308
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $4,481,489,762
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $4,094,741,652
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $3,606,050,873
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $3,307,302,126
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $3,267,677,814
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $2,895,354,736
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $2,689,212,760
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $2,211,312,823
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $2,163,252,449
1987 $926,320,855,615 $1,906,174,438
1986 $764,946,585,851 $1,482,601,552
1985 $547,220,981,165 $1,090,611,325
1984 $525,033,325,828 $1,054,564,759
1983 $553,356,312,936 $1,104,956,573
1982 $578,152,310,610 $1,092,923,636
1981 $609,184,791,792 $1,157,769,444
1980 $694,529,183,483 $1,147,027,924
1979 $608,218,624,730 $1,227,446,632
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,029,040,323
1977 $406,401,711,688 $834,722,972
1976 $368,363,152,144 $713,510,052
1975 $357,324,307,786 $673,311,287
1974 $282,739,225,314 $669,894,030
1973 $261,970,536,240 $404,285,775
1972 $201,738,881,664 $318,664,900
1971 $164,694,210,962 $251,437,338
1970 $147,312,861,698 $224,125,805
1969 $140,660,914,841 $221,553,613
1968 $128,710,572,572 $206,576,631
1967 $118,088,635,381 $238,439,291
1966 $109,306,730,313 $227,534,083
1965 $100,927,668,584 $230,024,161
1964 $93,424,179,943 $218,914,569
1963 $84,227,606,650 $253,839,558
1962 $75,196,980,365 $197,738,208
1961 $67,158,050,215 $191,757,729
1960 $61,959,085,885 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Mauritius by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $48,986 - $12,991 -
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $8,140 $14,569
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $17,547 - $2,103 -
1988 $17,550 - $2,074 -
1987 $16,176 - $1,840 -
1986 $13,430 - $1,442 -
1985 $9,657 - $1,069 -
1984 $9,312 - $1,042 -
1983 $9,862 - $1,103 -
1982 $10,360 - $1,101 -
1981 $10,956 - $1,181 -
1980 $12,565 - $1,187 -
1979 $11,063 - $1,292 -
1978 $9,167 - $1,102 -
1977 $7,459 - $906 -
1976 $6,792 - $787 -
1975 $6,617 - $755 -
1974 $5,261 - $763 -
1973 $4,907 - $467 -
1972 $3,809 - $374 -
1971 $3,137 - $299.6 -
1970 $2,833 - $271.3 -
1969 $2,729 - $272.7 -
1968 $2,518 - $258.7 -
1967 $2,328 - $304 -
1966 $2,173 - $296 -
1965 $2,024 - $305 -
1964 $1,891 - $297.3 -
1963 $1,723 - $353 -
1962 $1,554 - $282.3 -
1961 $1,402 - $281.7 -
1960 $1,307 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $48,986, ranking 27/197, compared to $12,991 in Mauritius, ranking 80/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

France Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$3.37T
2025
$16.2B
2025
GDP rank
7/197
2025
144/197
2025
GDP growth
0.84%
2024-2025
3.15%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$48,986
2025
$12,991
2025
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2025
80/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$3.9T
2025
$14B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116%
2025
86.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$56,819
2025
$11,233
2025
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2025
55/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,062
2026
$8,169
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$8.89B
2025
Number of millionaires
2,388,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
51
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.5%
2025
31.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.94%
2024-2025
3.67%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.7%
2025
5.21%
2024
Population
68871753
1240721

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.5% 116% 31.4% 86.5%
2024 57.3% 113.2% 32.6% 86.1%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 28.5% 81.5%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 27.6% 81.8%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 28.3% 86.1%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 32.1% 91.9%
2019 55.3% 98.2% 30.2% 81.1%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 23.9% 63.1%
2017 57.7% 98.8% 23.6% 61.3%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 23.3% 62.6%
2015 57.6% 97% 23.7% 63%
2014 58.4% 96.2% 22.5% 59.1%
2013 58.6% 94.6% 23.4% 56.5%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 21.9% 54.2%
2011 57% 88.7% 23% 54.9%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 23.2% 54.4%
2009 58% 84.1% 24.5% 56.8%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 22.4% 48.8%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 20.4% 48.8%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 20.7% 55.3%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 21.8% 58.3%
2004 54% 66.9% 21.9% 59.4%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 22.2% 66.9%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 22% 63%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 21.5% 58.2%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 21.2% 56.9%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 25.9% -
1998 54% 62.1% - -
1997 55.6% 62% - -
1996 56% 60.6% - -
1995 56% 57.8% - -
1994 55.9% 51.6% - -
1993 56.5% 48.2% - -
1992 54% 41.7% - -
1991 52.7% 37.8% - -
1990 51.6% 36.8% - -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, France's government spending was $1.93T, accounting for 57.5% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.07B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116% in France and 86.5% in Mauritius, ranking 13/185 and 34/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Mauritius
2025 -5.11% -3.69%
2024 -5.79% -6.84%
2023 -5.44% -4.48%
2022 -4.74% -3.15%
2021 -6.58% -4.08%
2020 -8.93% -10.5%
2019 -2.39% -8.19%
2018 -2.32% -2.15%
2017 -3.36% -1.62%
2016 -3.76% -2.74%
2015 -3.89% -3.48%
2014 -4.57% -3.05%
2013 -4.94% -3.3%
2012 -5.17% -1.73%
2011 -5.3% -3%
2010 -7.16% -2.96%
2009 -7.38% -3.32%
2008 -3.5% -2.63%
2007 -2.99% -2.92%
2006 -2.66% -3.86%
2005 -3.5% -4.2%
2004 -3.55% -4.22%
2003 -4.09% -4.55%
2002 -3.18% -4.89%
2001 -1.42% -5.32%
2000 -1.32% -4.19%
1999 -1.55% -
1998 -2.39% -
1997 -3.71% -
1996 -3.89% -
1995 -5.11% -
1994 -5.46% -
1993 -6.4% -
1992 -4.64% -
1991 -2.89% -
1990 -2.45% -
1989 -1.9% -
1988 -2.7% -
1987 -2.13% -
1986 -3.3% -
1985 -3.08% -
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $172B, equivalent to 5.11% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $596M, or 3.69% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 4.35% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.04% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Mauritius
2025 0.94% 3.67%
2024 2% 3.6%
2023 4.88% 7.05%
2022 5.22% 10.8%
2021 1.64% 4.03%
2020 0.48% 2.58%
2019 1.11% 0.41%
2018 1.85% 3.22%
2017 1.03% 3.67%
2016 0.18% 0.98%
2015 0.04% 1.29%
2014 0.51% 3.22%
2013 0.86% 3.54%
2012 1.95% 3.85%
2011 2.11% 6.52%
2010 1.53% 2.93%
2009 0.09% 2.52%
2008 2.81% 9.73%
2007 1.49% 8.83%
2006 1.68% 8.91%
2005 1.75% 4.94%
2004 2.14% 4.71%
2003 2.1% 3.92%
2002 1.92% 6.42%
2001 1.63% 5.39%
2000 1.68% 4.2%
1999 0.54% 6.91%
1998 0.65% 6.81%
1997 1.2% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.59%, compared with 4.88% in Mauritius. In 2025, inflation was 0.94% in France and 3.67% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $150M
Chemicals & pharma $100M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $86.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $31.7M
Animal & marine products $30.4M
Raw agricultural goods $28.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $14.9M
Metals $12.9M
Wood & paper products $7.44M
Raw materials & minerals $6.9M
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $50.9M
Machinery & equipment $44.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $40.7M
Chemicals & pharma $21.4M
Precious metals & jewellery $19.1M
Animal & marine products $9.15M
Metals $8.84M
Raw agricultural goods $7.97M
Wood & paper products $7.35M
Miscellaneous $5.72M

Balance of trade

France Mauritius
Current account balance
-$9.24B
2025
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
173/190
2025
119/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.27%
2025
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$770B
2025
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$704B
2025
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$370B
2025
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$429B
2025
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.8%
2025
74.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.4%
2025
65%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Mauritius
Economic freedom 64.6 73
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 26/197
Property rights 91.2 83.9
Government integrity 73.4 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 80.7
Tax burden 54.6 89.6
Government spending 0.9 73.8
Fiscal health 34.8 45.5
Business freedom 78.4 81.5
Labor freedom 59.1 69.6
Monetary freedom 73.2 70.7
Trade freedom 79.4 87
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Mauritius
2026 64.6 73
2025 64.4 75
2024 62.5 71.5
2023 63.6 70.6
2022 65.9 70.9
2021 65.7 77
2020 66 74.9
2019 63.8 73
2018 63.9 75.1
2017 63.3 74.7
2016 62.3 74.7
2015 62.5 76.4
2014 63.5 76.5
2013 64.1 76.9
2012 63.2 77
2011 64.6 76.2
2010 64.2 76.3
2009 63.3 74.3
2008 64.7 72.6
2007 62.1 69.4
2006 61.1 67.4
2005 60.5 67.2
2004 60.9 64.3
2003 59.2 64.4
2002 58 67.7
2001 58 66.4
2000 57.4 67.2
1999 59.1 68.5
1998 58.9 -
1997 59.1 -
1996 63.7 -
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2025
63.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.4%
2025
4.62%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$3.34T
2025
$17.5B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,110
2025
$37,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$428B
2025
$10.3B
2025
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2025
77/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$7.24B
2025
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
19.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/mauritius | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.