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Economy of Algeria vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Algeria has a GDP of $269B compared to $3.16T for France, ranking 51/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $129B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $3.58T (113.1% of GDP) in France.

Algeria vs France GDP by year

Algeria
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria France
2024 $269,322,281,665 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $247,923,887,215 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $225,581,644,703 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $186,231,205,262 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $164,873,415,325 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $193,459,662,091 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $194,554,483,656 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $189,880,896,903 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $180,763,839,522 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $187,493,855,609 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $238,942,664,193 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $229,701,430,292 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $227,143,746,076 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $218,331,946,925 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $177,785,053,940 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $150,317,292,079 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $180,383,848,331 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $142,482,739,810 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $123,084,258,693 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $107,046,618,670 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $91,913,680,985 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $73,482,264,191 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $61,516,103,406 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $59,413,400,924 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $54,790,398,570 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $48,640,671,735 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $48,187,781,984 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $48,177,612,042 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $46,941,554,225 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $41,764,291,672 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $42,543,176,829 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $49,945,584,453 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $48,003,133,347 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $45,715,676,428 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $62,048,507,531 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $55,634,721,573 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $59,089,396,860 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $66,745,818,375 $926,320,855,615
1986 $63,692,007,897 $764,946,585,851
1985 $57,937,868,670 $547,220,981,165
1984 $53,698,548,293 $525,033,325,828
1983 $48,801,369,800 $553,356,312,936
1982 $45,207,167,470 $578,152,310,610
1981 $44,348,590,461 $609,184,791,792
1980 $42,345,829,079 $694,529,183,483
1979 $33,243,706,860 $608,218,624,730
1978 $26,364,491,313 $501,724,418,605
1977 $20,972,113,685 $406,401,711,688
1976 $17,728,240,932 $368,363,152,144
1975 $15,557,902,754 $357,324,307,786
1974 $13,209,871,626 $282,739,225,314
1973 $8,707,858,912 $261,970,536,240
1972 $6,766,743,957 $201,738,881,664
1971 $5,077,183,094 $164,694,210,962
1970 $4,863,526,897 $147,312,861,698
1969 $4,257,253,264 $140,660,914,841
1968 $3,852,147,027 $128,710,572,572
1967 $3,370,870,376 $118,088,635,381
1966 $3,039,859,187 $109,306,730,313
1965 $3,136,284,307 $100,927,668,584
1964 $2,909,316,435 $93,424,179,943
1963 $2,702,982,018 $84,227,606,650
1962 $2,001,444,544 $75,196,980,365
1961 $2,434,747,056 $67,158,050,215
1960 $2,723,615,451 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs France by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $2,247 - $17,547 -
1988 $2,451 - $17,550 -
1987 $2,847 - $16,176 -
1986 $2,800 - $13,430 -
1985 $2,633 - $9,657 -
1984 $2,524 - $9,312 -
1983 $2,374 - $9,862 -
1982 $2,275 - $10,360 -
1981 $2,307 - $10,956 -
1980 $2,276 - $12,565 -
1979 $1,843 - $11,063 -
1978 $1,506 - $9,167 -
1977 $1,232 - $7,459 -
1976 $1,080 - $6,792 -
1975 $992 - $6,617 -
1974 $873 - $5,261 -
1973 $590 - $4,907 -
1972 $469 - $3,809 -
1971 $360 - $3,137 -
1970 $353 - $2,833 -
1969 $316 - $2,729 -
1968 $292.4 - $2,518 -
1967 $261.8 - $2,328 -
1966 $241.4 - $2,173 -
1965 $253.6 - $2,024 -
1964 $238.9 - $1,891 -
1963 $225.6 - $1,723 -
1962 $169.6 - $1,554 -
1961 $209.4 - $1,402 -
1960 $238.4 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $5,753, ranking 114/197, compared to $46,103 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Algeria France
Gross domestic product
$269B
2024
$3.16T
2024
GDP rank
51/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP growth
3.7%
2023-2024
1.19%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,753
2024
$46,103
2024
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$129B
2024
$3.58T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2024
113.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,765
2024
$52,165
2024
Government debt per person rank
106/185
2024
8/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,787
2026
$35,669
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,897,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
52
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.8%
2024
57.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.05%
2023-2024
2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
12%
2017
7.44%
2024
Population
48222325
68788006

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 36.8% 48.1% 57.2% 113.1%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 37.5% 46% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 55.3% 98.1%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 36.2% 24% 57.7% 98.7%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 57.6% 96.9%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 58.4% 96.1%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 58.6% 94.5%
2012 40% 8.58% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 57% 88.7%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 58% 84.1%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 54% 66.9%
2003 27% 38.2% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 29.1% 50% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 54% 62.1%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 55.6% 62%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 56% 60.6%
1995 28.9% 95.9% 56% 57.8%
1994 30.9% 106.3% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 32.6% 76.8% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 28.2% 69.3% 54% 41.7%
1991 27.6% 86.1% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 23.3% 63.6% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 - - 48.9% 34%
1988 - - 50.1% 33.3%
1987 - - 50.7% 33.4%
1986 - - 51.3% 31.1%
1985 - - 51.9% 30.6%
1984 - - 51.2% 29%
1983 - - 50.2% 26.6%
1982 - - 49.9% 25.3%
1981 - - 48.5% 22%
1980 - - 46% 20.7%
1979 - - 44.9% 21.1%
1978 - - 44.7% 21.2%
1977 - - 21.4% 15%
1976 - - 21.7% 15.1%
1975 - - 22% 16.1%
1974 - - 19.9% 15.4%
1973 - - 19.7% 15.8%
1972 - - 19.8% 17.7%
1971 - - 20% 20.1%
1970 - - 20.5% 21%
1969 - - 21.5% 14.4%
1968 - - 22.7% 15.8%
1967 - - 21.4% 16.1%
1966 - - 21.4% 15.3%
1965 - - 21.1% 17.6%
1964 - - 21% 19.6%
1963 - - 22.6% 22.2%
1962 - - 21.7% 23.6%
1961 - - 21.9% 26.3%
1960 - - 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government spending was $99.1B, accounting for 36.8% of its GDP, while France spent $1.81T, or 57.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Algeria and 113.1% in France, ranking 113/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria France
2024 -13.8% -5.77%
2023 -5.52% -5.44%
2022 -2.96% -4.74%
2021 -6.32% -6.58%
2020 -10.5% -8.93%
2019 -8.51% -2.39%
2018 -6.15% -2.32%
2017 -7.55% -3.36%
2016 -11.8% -3.76%
2015 -13.9% -3.89%
2014 -7.14% -4.57%
2013 -0.79% -4.94%
2012 -4.04% -5.17%
2011 -1.06% -5.3%
2010 -1.35% -7.16%
2009 -6.53% -7.38%
2008 7.79% -3.5%
2007 4.63% -2.99%
2006 12.9% -2.66%
2005 11.4% -3.5%
2004 6.36% -3.55%
2003 7.22% -4.09%
2002 0.21% -3.18%
2001 3.15% -1.42%
2000 8.91% -1.32%
1999 -1.83% -1.55%
1998 -3.52% -2.39%
1997 2.19% -3.71%
1996 2.7% -3.89%
1995 -1.3% -5.11%
1994 -4.05% -5.46%
1993 -7.79% -6.4%
1992 -1.05% -4.64%
1991 1.53% -2.89%
1990 3.35% -2.45%
1989 - -1.9%
1988 - -2.7%
1987 - -2.13%
1986 - -3.3%
1985 - -3.08%
1984 - -2.8%
1983 - -2.58%
1982 - -2.91%
1981 - -2.39%
1980 - -0.27%
1979 - -0.36%
1978 - -1.73%
1977 - 0.9%
1976 - 1.01%
1975 - -0.28%
1974 - 3.05%
1973 - 1.97%
1972 - 1.94%
1971 - -0.13%
1970 - 0.02%
1969 - -0.49%
1968 - -2.54%
1967 - -0.8%
1966 - -0.57%
1965 - -0.07%
1964 - -0.25%
1963 - -2.24%
1962 - -1.53%
1961 - -1.36%
1960 - -1.95%
1959 - 0.56%
1958 - 0.08%
1957 - -1.99%
1956 - -2.62%
1955 - -1.04%
1954 - -0.78%
1953 - -4.79%
1952 - -6.82%
1951 - -4.42%
1950 - -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $37.1B, equivalent to 13.8% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $182B, or 5.77% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.18% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria France
2024 4.05% 2%
2023 9.32% 4.88%
2022 9.27% 5.22%
2021 7.23% 1.64%
2020 2.42% 0.48%
2019 1.95% 1.11%
2018 4.27% 1.85%
2017 5.59% 1.03%
2016 6.4% 0.18%
2015 4.78% 0.04%
2014 2.92% 0.51%
2013 3.25% 0.86%
2012 8.89% 1.95%
2011 4.52% 2.11%
2010 3.91% 1.53%
2009 5.74% 0.09%
2008 4.86% 2.81%
2007 3.68% 1.49%
2006 2.31% 1.68%
2005 1.38% 1.75%
2004 3.96% 2.14%
2003 4.27% 2.1%
2002 1.42% 1.92%
2001 4.23% 1.63%
2000 0.34% 1.68%
1999 2.65% 0.54%
1998 4.95% 0.65%
1997 5.73% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.44%, compared with 1.61% in France. In 2024, inflation was 4.05% in Algeria and 2% in France.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $4.36B
Machinery & equipment $30.4M
Raw agricultural goods $21.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.1M
Chemicals & pharma $1.6M
Animal & marine products $979K
Textiles & consumer goods $427K
Wood & paper products $287K
Metals $119K
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.45B
Chemicals & pharma $1.25B
Raw agricultural goods $372M
Metals $252M
Textiles & consumer goods $232M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $214M
Wood & paper products $192M
Raw materials & minerals $106M
Animal & marine products $94.1M
Miscellaneous $13.4M

Balance of trade

Algeria France
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
$2.69B
2024
Current account balance ranking
154/190
2024
42/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
+0.09%
2024
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$733B
2024
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$668B
2024
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$341B
2024
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$403B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.3%
2024
34.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
33.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria France
Economic freedom 45.8 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 72/197
Property rights 27.7 91.2
Government integrity 29.4 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 30 84.7
Tax burden 80.3 54.6
Government spending 61.9 0.9
Fiscal health 15.4 34.8
Business freedom 59.3 78.4
Labor freedom 52.2 59.1
Monetary freedom 74.7 73.2
Trade freedom 58.8 79.4
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 30 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria France
2026 45.8 64.6
2025 47.5 64.4
2024 43.9 62.5
2023 43.2 63.6
2022 45.8 65.9
2021 49.7 65.7
2020 46.9 66
2019 46.2 63.8
2018 44.7 63.9
2017 46.5 63.3
2016 50.1 62.3
2015 48.9 62.5
2014 50.8 63.5
2013 49.6 64.1
2012 51 63.2
2011 52.4 64.6
2010 56.9 64.2
2009 56.6 63.3
2008 56.2 64.7
2007 55.4 62.1
2006 55.7 61.1
2005 53.2 60.5
2004 58.1 60.9
2003 57.7 59.2
2002 61 58
2001 57.3 58
2000 56.8 57.4
1999 57.2 59.1
1998 55.8 58.9
1997 54.9 59.1
1996 54.5 63.7
1995 55.7 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria France
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2024
70.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2024
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2024
1.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$3.1T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,290
2024
$63,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$83B
2024
$283B
2024
Total reserves ranking
31/177
2024
13/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.