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Economy of Finland vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Finland has a GDP of $299B compared to $3.16T for France, ranking 47/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $245B in government debt (82.1% of GDP), compared to $3.58T (113.1% of GDP) in France.

Finland vs France GDP by year

Finland
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland France
2024 $298,696,961,298 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $295,021,982,463 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $280,253,099,309 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $294,223,210,496 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $270,000,311,606 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $267,014,821,129 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $273,869,255,596 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $253,846,138,440 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $238,777,818,793 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $233,210,733,506 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $273,478,528,955 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $270,268,036,626 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $257,443,384,493 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $275,126,915,516 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $249,429,613,683 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $253,480,783,439 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $285,698,662,071 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $256,360,251,538 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $217,044,068,234 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $204,859,368,791 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $197,458,297,640 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $171,612,867,736 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $140,360,963,812 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $129,519,672,869 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $125,967,821,111 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $135,234,241,918 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $133,990,876,725 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $126,862,902,302 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $131,991,975,149 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $134,060,457,516 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $103,182,697,780 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $89,112,105,756 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $112,537,828,511 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $127,794,441,994 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $141,446,120,355 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $118,991,270,611 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $109,039,090,263 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $91,564,993,913 $926,320,855,615
1986 $73,511,611,541 $764,946,585,851
1985 $55,856,676,899 $547,220,981,165
1984 $52,870,993,273 $525,033,325,828
1983 $50,956,447,481 $553,356,312,936
1982 $52,784,013,815 $578,152,310,610
1981 $52,440,066,134 $609,184,791,792
1980 $53,649,984,061 $694,529,183,483
1979 $44,469,218,440 $608,218,624,730
1978 $36,259,392,058 $501,724,418,605
1977 $33,502,784,418 $406,401,711,688
1976 $31,852,352,670 $368,363,152,144
1975 $29,475,251,333 $357,324,307,786
1974 $24,851,036,710 $282,739,225,314
1973 $19,474,098,335 $261,970,536,240
1972 $14,744,499,570 $201,738,881,664
1971 $12,528,522,307 $164,694,210,962
1970 $11,358,529,162 $147,312,861,698
1969 $10,177,524,839 $140,660,914,841
1968 $8,916,565,041 $128,710,572,572
1967 $9,468,272,357 $118,088,635,381
1966 $9,306,142,172 $109,306,730,313
1965 $8,680,393,839 $100,927,668,584
1964 $7,848,987,793 $93,424,179,943
1963 $6,958,916,548 $84,227,606,650
1962 $6,407,796,043 $75,196,980,365
1961 $5,984,433,774 $67,158,050,215
1960 $5,279,481,824 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs France by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,150 $65,378 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $52,834 $63,415 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $23,969 - $17,547 -
1988 $22,044 - $17,550 -
1987 $18,565 - $16,176 -
1986 $14,947 - $13,430 -
1985 $11,394 - $9,657 -
1984 $10,830 - $9,312 -
1983 $10,494 - $9,862 -
1982 $10,935 - $10,360 -
1981 $10,925 - $10,956 -
1980 $11,225 - $12,565 -
1979 $9,333 - $11,063 -
1978 $7,629 - $9,167 -
1977 $7,070 - $7,459 -
1976 $6,740 - $6,792 -
1975 $6,256 - $6,617 -
1974 $5,298 - $5,261 -
1973 $4,174 - $4,907 -
1972 $3,178 - $3,809 -
1971 $2,716 - $3,137 -
1970 $2,466 - $2,833 -
1969 $2,201 - $2,729 -
1968 $1,927 - $2,518 -
1967 $2,056 - $2,328 -
1966 $2,032 - $2,173 -
1965 $1,902 - $2,024 -
1964 $1,726 - $1,891 -
1963 $1,538 - $1,723 -
1962 $1,427 - $1,554 -
1961 $1,341 - $1,402 -
1960 $1,192 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $53,150, ranking 23/197, compared to $46,103 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Finland France
Gross domestic product
$299B
2024
$3.16T
2024
GDP rank
47/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP growth
0.42%
2023-2024
1.19%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$53,150
2024
$46,103
2024
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$245B
2024
$3.58T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.1%
2024
113.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,662
2024
$52,165
2024
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2024
8/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,394
2026
$35,669
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,897,000
2025
Number of billionaires
7
2025
52
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.7%
2024
57.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.57%
2023-2024
2%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
8.34%
2024
7.44%
2024
Population
5631965
68788006

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.7% 82.1% 57.2% 113.1%
2023 55.9% 77.5% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 52.6% 74% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 55.2% 73.2% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 55.3% 98.1%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 57.7% 98.7%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 57.6% 96.9%
2014 57.6% 64.8% 58.4% 96.1%
2013 57.1% 60.8% 58.6% 94.5%
2012 55.7% 57.9% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 53.8% 52% 57% 88.7%
2010 54% 50.1% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 54.1% 41.5% 58% 84.1%
2008 47.9% 32.6% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 46.7% 33.9% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 48.3% 38% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 49.2% 39.9% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 48.2% 42.6% 54% 66.9%
2003 48.3% 42.7% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 47.5% 40.1% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 46.9% 42.4% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 49.9% 44% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 51.3% 46.8% 54% 62.1%
1997 54.9% 52.2% 55.6% 62%
1996 58.5% 55.4% 56% 60.6%
1995 60% 55.2% 56% 57.8%
1994 62.2% 56.2% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 63.7% 54.2% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 60.8% 39.3% 54% 41.7%
1991 55.8% 21.9% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 47.1% 13.9% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 44.4% 14.3% 48.9% 34%
1988 46.4% 16.5% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 47.8% 17.6% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 46.9% 16.4% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 46.3% 15.8% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 44.4% 15.2% 51.2% 29%
1983 44.4% 15.4% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 42.7% 13.9% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 41% 11.5% 48.5% 22%
1980 40.1% 10.9% 46% 20.7%
1979 40.3% 11% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 41.3% 10.7% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 41.7% 8.22% 21.4% 15%
1976 39.8% 7.09% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 38.6% 6.76% 22% 16.1%
1974 22.9% 2.97% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 21.8% 4.42% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 20.4% 6.46% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 22.8% 7.94% 20% 20.1%
1970 21.9% 9.19% 20.5% 21%
1969 22.2% 10.8% 21.5% 14.4%
1968 25.5% 13.9% 22.7% 15.8%
1967 23.5% 14.2% 21.4% 16.1%
1966 23.3% 13.7% 21.4% 15.3%
1965 23.2% 13% 21.1% 17.6%
1964 22.8% 12.5% 21% 19.6%
1963 21.6% 12.2% 22.6% 22.2%
1962 23.9% 10.3% 21.7% 23.6%
1961 22.7% 9.12% 21.9% 26.3%
1960 22.5% 9.96% 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government spending was $172B, accounting for 57.7% of its GDP, while France spent $1.81T, or 57.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.1% in Finland and 113.1% in France, ranking 42/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland France
2024 -4.41% -5.77%
2023 -2.98% -5.44%
2022 -0.18% -4.74%
2021 -2.69% -6.58%
2020 -5.53% -8.93%
2019 -0.93% -2.39%
2018 -0.87% -2.32%
2017 -0.63% -3.36%
2016 -1.7% -3.76%
2015 -2.43% -3.89%
2014 -2.99% -4.57%
2013 -2.52% -4.94%
2012 -2.15% -5.17%
2011 -1.01% -5.3%
2010 -2.57% -7.16%
2009 -2.48% -7.38%
2008 4.18% -3.5%
2007 5.12% -2.99%
2006 3.93% -2.66%
2005 2.59% -3.5%
2004 2.16% -3.55%
2003 2.34% -4.09%
2002 3.97% -3.18%
2001 4.89% -1.42%
2000 6.73% -1.32%
1999 1.6% -1.55%
1998 1.54% -2.39%
1997 -1.33% -3.71%
1996 -3.37% -3.89%
1995 -5.98% -5.11%
1994 -6.41% -5.46%
1993 -8.09% -6.4%
1992 -4.88% -4.64%
1991 0.3% -2.89%
1990 6.63% -2.45%
1989 6.73% -1.9%
1988 5.09% -2.7%
1987 1.63% -2.13%
1986 3.83% -3.3%
1985 3.33% -3.08%
1984 3.23% -2.8%
1983 1.52% -2.58%
1982 3.06% -2.91%
1981 5.11% -2.39%
1980 3.7% -0.27%
1979 3.41% -0.36%
1978 3.83% -1.73%
1977 6.27% 0.9%
1976 7.65% 1.01%
1975 4.96% -0.28%
1974 -0.03% 3.05%
1973 1.48% 1.97%
1972 -0.18% 1.94%
1971 0.15% -0.13%
1970 1.06% 0.02%
1969 0.94% -0.49%
1968 -1.69% -2.54%
1967 -0.26% -0.8%
1966 -1.08% -0.57%
1965 -1.67% -0.07%
1964 -1.35% -0.25%
1963 -2.5% -2.24%
1962 -2.37% -1.53%
1961 -3.03% -1.36%
1960 -0.52% -1.95%
1959 -0.12% 0.56%
1958 -1.73% 0.08%
1957 0.08% -1.99%
1956 -1.14% -2.62%
1955 -1% -1.04%
1954 -0.17% -0.78%
1953 0.02% -4.79%
1952 -1.24% -6.82%
1951 1.1% -4.42%
1950 -0.26% -5.56%
1949 -2.77% -7.31%
1948 1.88% -9.11%
1947 -5.99% -7.6%
1946 -15.3% -8.1%
1945 -6.35% -
1944 -21.5% -
1943 -14.2% -
1942 -16.4% -
1941 -35.8% -
1940 -36.9% -
1939 -9.76% -
1938 -1.48% -
1937 -4.44% -6.89%
1936 -3.75% -4.76%
1935 -3.81% -4.22%
1934 -2.81% -4.31%
1933 -1.63% -4.96%
1932 -2.61% -1.86%
1931 -2.32% -2.06%
1930 -1.94% -1.65%
1929 -0.78% 1.48%
1928 -2.07% 1.13%
1927 -0.32% -0.04%
1926 -2.9% -0.02%
1925 -2.92% -0.87%
1924 0.04% -
1923 -2.3% -
1922 0.62% -
1921 -2.59% -
1920 -2.6% -
1919 -7.49% -
1918 -11.4% -
1917 -1.27% -
1916 1.48% -
1915 -0.29% -
1914 -1.15% -
1913 -0.25% 0.05%
1912 0.33% 0.23%
1911 -0.14% 0.31%
1910 -0.3% -0.12%
1909 -2.64% -0.11%
1908 -1.92% -0.15%
1907 0.24% 0.23%
1906 0.86% -0.04%
1905 -1.28% 0.18%
1904 -1.63% 0.3%
1903 -0.3% 0.21%
1902 -1.74% -0.37%
1901 -2.13% -0.39%
1900 -0.52% 0.21%
1899 -1% 0.21%
1898 -4.55% 0.29%
1897 -0.37% 0.01%
1896 -0.56% -0.03%
1895 -1.21% -0.07%
1894 -0.62% -0.08%
1893 0% -0.3%
1892 0.82% -0.03%
1891 0.16% 0.36%
1890 0.17% 0.31%
1889 0.18% 0.09%
1888 -0.59% 0.18%
1887 -1.46% -0.07%
1886 0% -0.5%
1885 -1.2% -0.59%
1884 -0.2% -0.35%
1883 0% -0.23%
1882 0.2% -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 4.41% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $182B, or 5.77% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Finland posted an annual surplus equal to 0.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.71% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland France
2024 1.57% 2%
2023 6.25% 4.88%
2022 7.12% 5.22%
2021 2.19% 1.64%
2020 0.29% 0.48%
2019 1.02% 1.11%
2018 1.08% 1.85%
2017 0.75% 1.03%
2016 0.36% 0.18%
2015 -0.21% 0.04%
2014 1.04% 0.51%
2013 1.48% 0.86%
2012 2.81% 1.95%
2011 3.42% 2.11%
2010 1.18% 1.53%
2009 -0% 0.09%
2008 4.07% 2.81%
2007 2.51% 1.49%
2006 1.57% 1.68%
2005 0.62% 1.75%
2004 0.19% 2.14%
2003 0.88% 2.1%
2002 1.57% 1.92%
2001 2.58% 1.63%
2000 3.04% 1.68%
1999 1.16% 0.54%
1998 1.4% 0.65%
1997 1.19% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.83%, compared with 1.61% in France. In 2024, inflation was 1.57% in Finland and 2% in France.

Top exports between countries

Finland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.03B
IT & IP services $507M
Wood & paper products $440M
Metals $395M
Chemicals & pharma $246M
Business & finance services $213M
Transport & tourism services $201M
Animal & marine products $112M
Raw materials & minerals $107M
Textiles & consumer goods $96.2M
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.01B
Business & finance services $704M
Chemicals & pharma $473M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $194M
Transport & tourism services $194M
Manufacturing & construction services $185M
Raw materials & minerals $154M
Textiles & consumer goods $144M
Metals $139M
IT & IP services $131M

Balance of trade

Finland France
Current account balance
-$1.99B
2024
$2.69B
2024
Current account balance ranking
143/190
2024
42/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.67%
2024
+0.09%
2024
Goods imports
$76.6B
2024
$733B
2024
Goods exports
$83.1B
2024
$668B
2024
Service imports
$47.4B
2024
$341B
2024
Service exports
$42B
2024
$403B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
34.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
33.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland France
Economic freedom 76.6 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 72/197
Property rights 99.9 91.2
Government integrity 95.4 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 84.7
Tax burden 68.4 54.6
Government spending 7.9 0.9
Fiscal health 76.3 34.8
Business freedom 85.3 78.4
Labor freedom 65.4 59.1
Monetary freedom 80.3 73.2
Trade freedom 79.4 79.4
Investment freedom 85 75
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland France
2026 76.6 64.6
2025 77 64.4
2024 76.3 62.5
2023 77.1 63.6
2022 78.3 65.9
2021 76.1 65.7
2020 75.7 66
2019 74.9 63.8
2018 74.1 63.9
2017 74 63.3
2016 72.6 62.3
2015 73.4 62.5
2014 73.4 63.5
2013 74 64.1
2012 72.3 63.2
2011 74 64.6
2010 73.8 64.2
2009 74.5 63.3
2008 74.6 64.7
2007 74 62.1
2006 72.9 61.1
2005 71 60.5
2004 73.4 60.9
2003 73.7 59.2
2002 73.6 58
2001 69.7 58
2000 64.3 57.4
1999 63.9 59.1
1998 63.5 58.9
1997 65.2 59.1
1996 63.7 63.7
1995 - 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland France
Services, % of GDP
62.2%
2024
70.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.47%
2024
1.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$290B
2024
$3.1T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,640
2024
$63,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$18B
2024
$283B
2024
Total reserves ranking
65/177
2024
13/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$3.28B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$41.7B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.