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Economy of France vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $260B for New Zealand, ranking 7/197 and 52/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $131B (50.2% of GDP) in New Zealand.

France vs New Zealand GDP by year

France
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
France New Zealand
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $260,172,385,098
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $255,194,972,673
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $249,509,991,440
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $253,977,931,815
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $213,029,554,654
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $213,006,341,102
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $211,985,631,173
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $206,745,969,246
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $189,100,085,275
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $178,224,167,088
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $201,518,402,787
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $191,012,364,177
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $176,560,711,239
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $168,484,908,960
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $146,887,902,524
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $121,663,439,315
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $133,437,126,590
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $137,188,946,866
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $111,538,810,713
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $114,720,129,550
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $103,905,210,084
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $88,250,885,550
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $66,627,729,311
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $53,872,425,917
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $52,623,281,957
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $58,762,260,626
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $56,227,169,851
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $66,075,143,415
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $70,140,835,299
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $63,918,703,507
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $55,314,732,279
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $46,775,620,817
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $41,649,829,860
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $42,745,329,732
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $45,495,129,385
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $43,920,222,525
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $45,176,811,594
1987 $926,320,855,615 $40,376,354,070
1986 $764,946,585,851 $30,604,668,357
1985 $547,220,981,165 $24,679,795,396
1984 $525,033,325,828 $21,665,975,319
1983 $553,356,312,936 $24,309,279,706
1982 $578,152,310,610 $24,164,603,059
1981 $609,184,791,792 $24,417,617,184
1980 $694,529,183,483 $23,244,547,385
1979 $608,218,624,730 $20,731,243,113
1978 $501,724,418,605 $18,530,518,395
1977 $406,401,711,688 $15,446,825,318
1976 $368,363,152,144 $13,604,832,424
1975 $357,324,307,786 $12,861,983,284
1974 $282,739,225,314 $13,940,981,798
1973 $261,970,536,240 $12,802,281,898
1972 $201,738,881,664 $9,567,331,065
1971 $164,694,210,962 $7,911,136,757
1970 $147,312,861,698 $6,495,605,331
1969 $140,660,914,841 $5,814,357,709
1968 $128,710,572,572 $5,228,045,415
1967 $118,088,635,381 $6,016,017,227
1966 $109,306,730,313 $5,917,437,693
1965 $100,927,668,584 $5,706,251,400
1964 $93,424,179,943 $7,340,766,415
1963 $84,227,606,650 $6,699,741,645
1962 $75,196,980,365 $6,133,158,532
1961 $67,158,050,215 $5,721,994,864
1960 $61,959,085,885 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs New Zealand by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $49,205 $55,551
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $49,076 $54,697
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $49,100 $54,034
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $49,950 $48,249
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $41,998 $45,513
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $42,856 $45,278
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $43,257 $42,527
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $42,950 $42,244
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $40,114 $39,989
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $38,665 $37,513
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $44,618 $37,331
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $43,000 $36,263
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $40,054 $33,055
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $38,432 $32,739
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $17,547 - $13,312 -
1988 $17,550 - $13,759 -
1987 $16,176 - $12,331 -
1986 $13,430 - $9,428 -
1985 $9,657 - $7,601 -
1984 $9,312 - $6,714 -
1983 $9,862 - $7,598 -
1982 $10,360 - $7,656 -
1981 $10,956 - $7,814 -
1980 $12,565 - $7,467 -
1979 $11,063 - $6,668 -
1978 $9,167 - $5,937 -
1977 $7,459 - $4,951 -
1976 $6,792 - $4,374 -
1975 $6,617 - $4,172 -
1974 $5,261 - $4,611 -
1973 $4,907 - $4,323 -
1972 $3,809 - $3,295 -
1971 $3,137 - $2,773 -
1970 $2,833 - $2,311 -
1969 $2,729 - $2,097 -
1968 $2,518 - $1,902 -
1967 $2,328 - $2,208 -
1966 $2,173 - $2,211 -
1965 $2,024 - $2,171 -
1964 $1,891 - $2,839 -
1963 $1,723 - $2,646 -
1962 $1,554 - $2,471 -
1961 $1,402 - $2,365 -
1960 $1,307 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $49,205 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

France New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$260B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
1.29%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$49,205
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$131B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
50.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$24,722
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
28/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$37,758
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$92.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
41.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
2.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
4.76%
2024
Population
68788006
5374272

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 41.9% 50.2%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 41.2% 46.9%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 41.8% 46.9%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 41.9% 47.5%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 42% 43.2%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 38.8% 31.8%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 36.4% 33.3%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 37.7% 34.2%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 38.6% 34.5%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 57% 88.7% 42.4% 34.7%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 58% 84.1% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 38.5% 19%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 37.1% 16.3%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 37.9% 18.4%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 54% 66.9% 36.2% 22.5%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 36.7% 24.7%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 36.8% 26.4%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 38.3% 30%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 39.3% 32%
1998 54% 62.1% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 55.6% 62% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 56% 60.6% 39.9% 37.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 42.8% 48.9%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 46.8% 54.6%
1992 54% 41.7% 52.5% 58.7%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 53% 58%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 49.6% 55.5%
1989 48.9% 34% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 51.2% 29% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 48.5% 22% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 46% 20.7% 38% 52.2%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 38.4% 52%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 36.6% 50%
1977 21.4% 15% 30% 44.6%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 22% 16.1% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 19.9% 15.4% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 19.7% 15.8% 27.1% 44%
1972 19.8% 17.7% 26.4% 46%
1971 20% 20.1% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 20.5% 21% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 21.5% 14.4% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 22.7% 15.8% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 21.4% 16.1% 26% 59.7%
1966 21.4% 15.3% 25% 58.2%
1965 21.1% 17.6% 24.9% 59.6%
1964 21% 19.6% 19.4% 61.8%
1963 22.6% 22.2% 19.4% 64.5%
1962 21.7% 23.6% 21.6% 65%
1961 21.9% 26.3% 21.1% 64.6%
1960 22.2% 28.5% 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $109B, or 41.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 50.2% in New Zealand, ranking 14/185 and 107/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France New Zealand
2024 -5.77% -3.61%
2023 -5.44% -3.54%
2022 -4.74% -4.16%
2021 -6.58% -3.5%
2020 -8.93% -4.35%
2019 -2.39% -2.5%
2018 -2.32% 1.27%
2017 -3.36% 1.36%
2016 -3.76% 0.98%
2015 -3.89% 0.36%
2014 -4.57% -0.34%
2013 -4.94% -1.29%
2012 -5.17% -2.19%
2011 -5.3% -4.96%
2010 -7.16% -5.51%
2009 -7.38% -1.81%
2008 -3.5% 1.47%
2007 -2.99% 3.6%
2006 -2.66% 4.62%
2005 -3.5% 5.13%
2004 -3.55% 4.49%
2003 -4.09% 3.68%
2002 -3.18% 2.55%
2001 -1.42% 1.29%
2000 -1.32% 0.17%
1999 -1.55% -1.11%
1998 -2.39% -0.48%
1997 -3.71% 1.23%
1996 -3.89% 2.58%
1995 -5.11% 3.7%
1994 -5.46% 1.99%
1993 -6.4% -1.53%
1992 -4.64% -6.27%
1991 -2.89% -6.14%
1990 -2.45% -2.74%
1989 -1.9% -2.16%
1988 -2.7% -1.88%
1987 -2.13% -3.43%
1986 -3.3% -5.33%
1985 -3.08% -6.97%
1984 -2.8% -8.68%
1983 -2.58% -6.64%
1982 -2.91% -6.26%
1981 -2.39% -6.02%
1980 -0.27% -4.9%
1979 -0.36% -6.55%
1978 -1.73% -3.41%
1977 0.9% -1.09%
1976 1.01% -2.07%
1975 -0.28% 0.11%
1974 3.05% 0.03%
1973 1.97% -0.07%
1972 1.94% 0.12%
1971 -0.13% 0.09%
1970 0.02% -0.05%
1969 -0.49% 0.17%
1968 -2.54% 0.03%
1967 -0.8% 0.02%
1966 -0.57% 0.09%
1965 -0.07% 0.26%
1964 -0.25% -0.08%
1963 -2.24% -0.26%
1962 -1.53% 0.02%
1961 -1.36% 0.03%
1960 -1.95% 0.05%
1959 0.56% 0.03%
1958 0.08% -0.02%
1957 -1.99% 0.32%
1956 -2.62% 1.33%
1955 -1.04% 0.73%
1954 -0.78% 0.22%
1953 -4.79% 0.43%
1952 -6.82% 1.73%
1951 -4.42% 1.17%
1950 -5.56% 0.78%
1949 -7.31% 0.53%
1948 -9.11% 0.36%
1947 -7.6% 1.07%
1946 -8.1% 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 -6.89% 0.23%
1936 -4.76% 0.17%
1935 -4.22% 1.19%
1934 -4.31% -0.55%
1933 -4.96% 0.02%
1932 -1.86% -1.77%
1931 -2.06% -1.12%
1930 -1.65% 0.09%
1929 1.48% -0.37%
1928 1.13% 0.12%
1927 -0.04% 0.4%
1926 -0.02% 0.72%
1925 -0.87% 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 0.05% 0.79%
1912 0.23% 0.89%
1911 0.31% 1.24%
1910 -0.12% 0.36%
1909 -0.11% 0.31%
1908 -0.15% 1.26%
1907 0.23% 1.13%
1906 -0.04% 0.97%
1905 0.18% 1.41%
1904 0.3% 1.42%
1903 0.21% 0.55%
1902 -0.37% 0.63%
1901 -0.39% 1.11%
1900 0.21% 1.59%
1899 0.21% 1.15%
1898 0.29% 1.38%
1897 0.01% 0.86%
1896 -0.03% 0.65%
1895 -0.07% 0.32%
1894 -0.08% 0.76%
1893 -0.3% 1.14%
1892 -0.03% 0.09%
1891 0.36% 0.46%
1890 0.31% 0.05%
1889 0.09% 0.59%
1888 0.18% -1.64%
1887 -0.07% -1.63%
1886 -0.5% -0.53%
1885 -0.59% -0.47%
1884 -0.35% -0.1%
1883 -0.23% 0.38%
1882 -0.15% 0.18%
1881 0.64% -2.33%
1880 0.65% -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $9.38B, or 3.61% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.71% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.24% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France New Zealand
2024 2% 2.92%
2023 4.88% 5.73%
2022 5.22% 7.17%
2021 1.64% 3.94%
2020 0.48% 1.71%
2019 1.11% 1.62%
2018 1.85% 1.6%
2017 1.03% 1.85%
2016 0.18% 0.65%
2015 0.04% 0.29%
2014 0.51% 1.23%
2013 0.86% 1.13%
2012 1.95% 1.06%
2011 2.11% 4.03%
2010 1.53% 2.3%
2009 0.09% 2.12%
2008 2.81% 3.96%
2007 1.49% 2.38%
2006 1.68% 3.37%
2005 1.75% 3.04%
2004 2.14% 2.29%
2003 2.1% 1.75%
2002 1.92% 2.68%
2001 1.63% 2.63%
2000 1.68% 2.62%
1999 0.54% -0.11%
1998 0.65% 1.27%
1997 1.2% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 2.92% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $244M
Transport & tourism services $240M
Chemicals & pharma $101M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $62.4M
Business & finance services $45.3M
IT & IP services $22.1M
Manufacturing & construction services $21.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $21M
Wood & paper products $18.4M
Raw agricultural goods $9.94M
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Business & finance services $158M
Animal & marine products $107M
Machinery & equipment $79.4M
Transport & tourism services $49.2M
Metals $43.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $29.3M
Raw agricultural goods $26.4M
Chemicals & pharma $13.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.68M
IT & IP services $4.9M

Balance of trade

France New Zealand
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$12.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
178/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-4.65%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$47.3B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$43.3B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
26.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
24.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France New Zealand
Economic freedom 64.6 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 13/197
Property rights 91.2 85.4
Government integrity 73.4 90
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 95.9
Tax burden 54.6 66.1
Government spending 0.9 48
Fiscal health 34.8 72.2
Business freedom 78.4 89.1
Labor freedom 59.1 68.6
Monetary freedom 73.2 77.4
Trade freedom 79.4 90.6
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France New Zealand
2026 64.6 77.8
2025 64.4 78.1
2024 62.5 77.8
2023 63.6 78.9
2022 65.9 80.6
2021 65.7 83.9
2020 66 84.1
2019 63.8 84.4
2018 63.9 84.2
2017 63.3 83.7
2016 62.3 81.6
2015 62.5 82.1
2014 63.5 81.2
2013 64.1 81.4
2012 63.2 82.1
2011 64.6 82.3
2010 64.2 82.1
2009 63.3 82
2008 64.7 80.7
2007 62.1 81.4
2006 61.1 82
2005 60.5 82.3
2004 60.9 81.5
2003 59.2 81.1
2002 58 80.7
2001 58 81.1
2000 57.4 80.9
1999 59.1 81.7
1998 58.9 79.2
1997 59.1 79
1996 63.7 78.1
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
67.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
19.6%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
4.57%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$252B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$53,600
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$22.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
59/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$878M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.