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Economy of Bolivia vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Bolivia has a GDP of $64.8B compared to $3.37T for France, ranking 88/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $54.9B in government debt (84.8% of GDP), compared to $3.9T (116% of GDP) in France.

Bolivia vs France GDP by year

Bolivia
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia France
2025 $64,768,947,525 $3,366,315,927,447
2024 $54,881,327,453 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $52,340,206,946 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $50,959,081,954 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $47,877,892,402 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $42,313,784,081 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $49,056,643,589 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $48,414,038,842 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $45,927,439,595 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $33,941,126,194 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $33,000,198,249 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $32,996,188,017 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $30,659,338,886 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $27,084,497,482 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $23,963,164,697 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $19,649,723,722 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $17,339,992,194 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $16,674,276,286 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $13,120,108,008 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $11,451,844,902 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $9,549,122,905 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $8,773,451,752 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $8,082,399,640 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $7,905,485,146 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $8,141,516,928 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $8,397,855,485 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $8,285,064,435 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $8,497,494,652 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $7,925,736,821 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $7,396,949,126 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $6,715,161,732 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $5,981,222,859 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $5,734,699,489 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $5,643,868,749 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $5,343,262,457 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $4,867,582,598 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $4,715,973,437 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $4,597,612,362 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $4,347,956,338 $926,320,855,615
1986 $3,959,382,833 $764,946,585,851
1985 $5,377,276,555 $547,220,981,165
1984 $6,169,483,225 $525,033,325,828
1983 $5,422,656,823 $553,356,312,936
1982 $5,594,126,369 $578,152,310,610
1981 $5,891,598,695 $609,184,791,792
1980 $4,537,479,608 $694,529,183,483
1979 $4,421,336,383 $608,218,624,730
1978 $3,758,220,890 $501,724,418,605
1977 $3,227,436,282 $406,401,711,688
1976 $2,731,984,008 $368,363,152,144
1975 $2,404,697,651 $357,324,307,786
1974 $2,100,249,875 $282,739,225,314
1973 $1,262,968,516 $261,970,536,240
1972 $1,257,615,645 $201,738,881,664
1971 $1,095,622,896 $164,694,210,962
1970 $1,017,003,367 $147,312,861,698
1969 $929,629,630 $140,660,914,841
1968 $857,912,458 $128,710,572,572
1967 $755,808,081 $118,088,635,381
1966 $669,191,919 $109,306,730,313
1965 $604,377,104 $100,927,668,584
1964 $544,023,569 $93,424,179,943
1963 $482,828,283 $84,227,606,650
1962 $448,400,673 $75,196,980,365
1961 $410,101,010 $67,158,050,215
1960 $377,020,202 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs France by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,148 - $48,986 -
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $953 $4,663 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $893 $4,433 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $888 $4,304 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $930 $4,205 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $976 $4,113 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $979 $3,991 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $970 $3,822 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $922 $3,645 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $853 $3,494 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $774 $3,331 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $757 $3,177 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $760 $3,036 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $734 $2,981 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $683 $2,797 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $675 - $17,547 -
1988 $673 - $17,550 -
1987 $650 - $16,176 -
1986 $604 - $13,430 -
1985 $838 - $9,657 -
1984 $982 - $9,312 -
1983 $882 - $9,862 -
1982 $930 - $10,360 -
1981 $1,001 - $10,956 -
1980 $788 - $12,565 -
1979 $785 - $11,063 -
1978 $683 - $9,167 -
1977 $600 - $7,459 -
1976 $520 - $6,792 -
1975 $468 - $6,617 -
1974 $418 - $5,261 -
1973 $257.2 - $4,907 -
1972 $261.9 - $3,809 -
1971 $233.4 - $3,137 -
1970 $221.6 - $2,833 -
1969 $207.1 - $2,729 -
1968 $195.5 - $2,518 -
1967 $176.1 - $2,328 -
1966 $159.3 - $2,173 -
1965 $147.1 - $2,024 -
1964 $135.2 - $1,891 -
1963 $122.6 - $1,723 -
1962 $116.2 - $1,554 -
1961 $108.5 - $1,402 -
1960 $101.8 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $5,148, ranking 121/197, compared to $48,986 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Bolivia France
Gross domestic product
$64.8B
2025
$3.37T
2025
GDP rank
88/197
2025
7/197
2025
GDP growth
-1.58%
2024-2025
0.84%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,148
2025
$48,986
2025
GDP per capita rank
121/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$54.9B
2025
$3.9T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.8%
2025
116%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,364
2025
$56,819
2025
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2025
8/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,410
2026
$35,062
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,388,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
51
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.6%
2024
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
57.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
19.5%
2024-2025
0.94%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
7.7%
2025
Population
12837312
68871753

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 32.2% 84.8% 57.5% 116%
2024 33.5% 83.2% 57.3% 113.2%
2023 33.5% 78.3% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 31.2% 69.2% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 29.4% 68.7% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 31.9% 67.5% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 30.1% 48.9% 55.3% 98.2%
2018 31.4% 44.2% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 31.6% 41.9% 57.7% 98.8%
2016 32.9% 38.2% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 37% 34% 57.6% 97%
2014 34.9% 31.8% 58.4% 96.2%
2013 30.4% 31% 58.6% 94.6%
2012 31.3% 30.7% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 30.6% 30.5% 57% 88.7%
2010 27.5% 32.8% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 28.9% 34.1% 58% 84.1%
2008 31.1% 32.4% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 28.9% 35.5% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 26.6% 48.6% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 29.5% 73.2% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 29% 80.6% 54% 66.9%
2003 28.6% 85.5% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 29.6% 77.2% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 28.6% 74.4% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 26.2% 66.5% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 26.3% 61.7% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 26.8% 61.2% 54% 62.1%
1997 25.3% 64.6% 55.6% 62%
1996 23.3% 72.4% 56% 60.6%
1995 23.1% 81.7% 56% 57.8%
1994 23.9% 87.6% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 24.3% 83.8% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 22.6% 92.4% 54% 41.7%
1991 21.6% 92.8% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 20.4% 102.9% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 24.4% 98% 48.9% 34%
1988 24% 115.9% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 22.2% 149% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 29% 166.5% 51.2% 29%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 25% 155.4% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 48.5% 22%
1980 19.8% 100% 46% 20.7%
1979 18% 92% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 21.4% 15%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 22% 16.1%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 20% 20.1%
1970 10% 63.9% 20.5% 21%
1969 12.3% - 21.5% 14.4%
1968 14.1% - 22.7% 15.8%
1967 13.1% - 21.4% 16.1%
1966 12.9% - 21.4% 15.3%
1965 12.9% - 21.1% 17.6%
1964 10.8% - 21% 19.6%
1963 10.8% - 22.6% 22.2%
1962 10.2% - 21.7% 23.6%
1961 10.7% - 21.9% 26.3%
1960 10.1% - 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while France spent $1.93T, or 57.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.8% in Bolivia and 116% in France, ranking 36/185 and 13/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia France
2025 -11.6% -5.11%
2024 -8.7% -5.79%
2023 -9.46% -5.44%
2022 -6.15% -4.74%
2021 -7.87% -6.58%
2020 -11% -8.93%
2019 -6.04% -2.39%
2018 -6.8% -2.32%
2017 -6.42% -3.36%
2016 -5.95% -3.76%
2015 -5.76% -3.89%
2014 -2.88% -4.57%
2013 0.51% -4.94%
2012 1.49% -5.17%
2011 0.72% -5.3%
2010 1.42% -7.16%
2009 2.29% -7.38%
2008 3.1% -3.5%
2007 -1.37% -2.99%
2006 3.99% -2.66%
2005 -2% -3.5%
2004 -4.97% -3.55%
2003 -7.04% -4.09%
2002 -7.82% -3.18%
2001 -6.11% -1.42%
2000 -3.34% -1.32%
1999 -3.43% -1.55%
1998 -4.56% -2.39%
1997 -2.94% -3.71%
1996 -1.7% -3.89%
1995 -1.63% -5.11%
1994 -2.68% -5.46%
1993 -5.46% -6.4%
1992 -3.94% -4.64%
1991 -3.76% -2.89%
1990 -3.94% -2.45%
1989 -5.5% -1.9%
1988 -6.5% -2.7%
1987 -7.7% -2.13%
1986 -2.7% -3.3%
1985 -9.8% -3.08%
1984 -25.4% -2.8%
1983 -19.8% -2.58%
1982 -15.9% -2.91%
1981 -12.3% -2.39%
1980 -15.3% -0.27%
1979 -11.2% -0.36%
1978 -9.97% -1.73%
1977 -11.2% 0.9%
1976 -1.15% 1.01%
1975 -2.33% -0.28%
1974 -1.87% 3.05%
1973 -3.72% 1.97%
1972 -3.69% 1.94%
1971 -3.67% -0.13%
1970 -1.92% 0.02%
1969 -4.16% -0.49%
1968 -5.67% -2.54%
1967 -4.29% -0.8%
1966 -3.55% -0.57%
1965 -4.12% -0.07%
1964 -2.68% -0.25%
1963 -3.02% -2.24%
1962 -2.8% -1.53%
1961 -2.81% -1.36%
1960 -3.35% -1.95%
1959 -4.32% 0.56%
1958 -2.95% 0.08%
1957 -1.11% -1.99%
1956 -0.11% -2.62%
1955 0.33% -1.04%
1954 0.006% -0.78%
1953 -0.48% -4.79%
1952 -0.94% -6.82%
1951 -0.42% -4.42%
1950 -1.17% -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.51B, equivalent to 11.6% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $172B, or 5.11% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.74% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia France
2025 19.5% 0.94%
2024 5.1% 2%
2023 2.58% 4.88%
2022 1.75% 5.22%
2021 0.74% 1.64%
2020 0.94% 0.48%
2019 1.84% 1.11%
2018 2.27% 1.85%
2017 2.82% 1.03%
2016 3.62% 0.18%
2015 4.06% 0.04%
2014 5.77% 0.51%
2013 5.74% 0.86%
2012 4.52% 1.95%
2011 9.88% 2.11%
2010 2.5% 1.53%
2009 3.35% 0.09%
2008 14% 2.81%
2007 8.71% 1.49%
2006 4.28% 1.68%
2005 5.39% 1.75%
2004 4.44% 2.14%
2003 3.34% 2.1%
2002 0.93% 1.92%
2001 1.59% 1.63%
2000 4.61% 1.68%
1999 2.16% 0.54%
1998 7.67% 0.65%
1997 4.71% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.79%, compared with 1.59% in France. In 2025, inflation was 19.5% in Bolivia and 0.94% in France.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $12M
Wood & paper products $4.76M
Machinery & equipment $2.03M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.5M
Raw materials & minerals $189K
Textiles & consumer goods $150K
Chemicals & pharma $87K
Precious metals & jewellery $87K
Miscellaneous $49K
Metals $2K
France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $14.1M
Machinery & equipment $8.53M
Wood & paper products $1.64M
Raw materials & minerals $1.62M
Miscellaneous $481K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $457K
Textiles & consumer goods $301K
Raw agricultural goods $294K
Metals $266K
Animal & marine products $109K

Balance of trade

Bolivia France
Current account balance
-$1.22B
2025
-$9.24B
2025
Current account balance ranking
124/190
2025
173/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.88%
2025
-0.27%
2025
Goods imports
$9.23B
2025
$770B
2025
Goods exports
$9.56B
2025
$704B
2025
Service imports
$2.25B
2025
$370B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$429B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
33.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
33.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia France
Economic freedom 42.4 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 72/197
Property rights 20.2 91.2
Government integrity 27.1 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 84.7
Tax burden 86.4 54.6
Government spending 56.3 0.9
Fiscal health 0.8 34.8
Business freedom 53.6 78.4
Labor freedom 52.2 59.1
Monetary freedom 67.1 73.2
Trade freedom 60.6 79.4
Investment freedom 15 75
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia France
2026 42.4 64.6
2025 44.1 64.4
2024 43.5 62.5
2023 43.4 63.6
2022 43 65.9
2021 42.7 65.7
2020 42.8 66
2019 42.3 63.8
2018 44.1 63.9
2017 47.7 63.3
2016 47.4 62.3
2015 46.8 62.5
2014 48.4 63.5
2013 47.9 64.1
2012 50.2 63.2
2011 50 64.6
2010 49.4 64.2
2009 53.6 63.3
2008 53.1 64.7
2007 54.2 62.1
2006 57.8 61.1
2005 58.4 60.5
2004 64.5 60.9
2003 64.3 59.2
2002 65.1 58
2001 68 58
2000 65 57.4
1999 65.6 59.1
1998 68.8 58.9
1997 65.1 59.1
1996 65.2 63.7
1995 56.8 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia France
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
70.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
16.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
1.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$55.6B
2025
$3.34T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,530
2025
$65,110
2025
Total reserves including gold
$580M
2025
$428B
2025
Total reserves ranking
155/177
2025
12/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$464M
2025
$7.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$358M
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2024
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.