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Economy of France vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $81B for Uruguay, ranking 7/197 and 81/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $55.6B (68.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

France vs Uruguay GDP by year

France
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Uruguay
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $80,961,511,074
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $77,991,666,838
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $70,594,110,920
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $60,739,084,241
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $53,559,359,262
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $62,222,313,619
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $65,344,577,416
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $65,005,997,963
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $57,480,787,465
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $57,680,327,999
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $61,496,186,974
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $61,337,621,934
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $54,232,266,359
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $50,342,406,067
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $41,950,361,212
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $32,708,319,078
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $31,119,602,539
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $23,797,773,024
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $19,741,420,740
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $17,362,857,684
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $13,686,329,890
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $12,045,638,352
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $13,606,515,723
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $20,898,761,742
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $22,823,270,892
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $23,983,945,191
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $25,385,886,978
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $23,969,739,234
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $20,515,458,114
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $19,297,663,097
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $17,474,588,896
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $15,002,136,971
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $12,878,148,791
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $11,206,176,651
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $9,298,807,850
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $8,438,951,476
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $8,213,538,369
1987 $926,320,855,615 $7,367,494,080
1986 $764,946,585,851 $5,880,112,788
1985 $547,220,981,165 $4,732,017,873
1984 $525,033,325,828 $4,850,238,550
1983 $553,356,312,936 $5,102,276,308
1982 $578,152,310,610 $9,178,780,077
1981 $609,184,791,792 $11,048,301,421
1980 $694,529,183,483 $10,163,020,116
1979 $608,218,624,730 $7,181,182,224
1978 $501,724,418,605 $4,910,254,566
1977 $406,401,711,688 $4,114,670,014
1976 $368,363,152,144 $3,667,161,241
1975 $357,324,307,786 $3,538,278,047
1974 $282,739,225,314 $4,090,209,682
1973 $261,970,536,240 $3,964,296,443
1972 $201,738,881,664 $2,189,418,689
1971 $164,694,210,962 $2,807,258,065
1970 $147,312,861,698 $2,137,096,774
1969 $140,660,914,841 $2,004,435,484
1968 $128,710,572,572 $1,593,674,185
1967 $118,088,635,381 $1,597,713,469
1966 $109,306,730,313 $1,809,185,094
1965 $100,927,668,584 $1,890,767,156
1964 $93,424,179,943 $1,975,701,816
1963 $84,227,606,650 $1,539,681,491
1962 $75,196,980,365 $1,710,004,407
1961 $67,158,050,215 $1,547,388,781
1960 $61,959,085,885 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Uruguay by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $23,907 $36,418
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $23,019 $34,471
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $20,819 $33,001
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $17,547 - $2,734 -
1988 $17,550 - $2,677 -
1987 $16,176 - $2,416 -
1986 $13,430 - $1,939 -
1985 $9,657 - $1,568 -
1984 $9,312 - $1,615 -
1983 $9,862 - $1,707 -
1982 $10,360 - $3,085 -
1981 $10,956 - $3,728 -
1980 $12,565 - $3,443 -
1979 $11,063 - $2,443 -
1978 $9,167 - $1,678 -
1977 $7,459 - $1,414 -
1976 $6,792 - $1,268 -
1975 $6,617 - $1,232 -
1974 $5,261 - $1,433 -
1973 $4,907 - $1,397 -
1972 $3,809 - $776 -
1971 $3,137 - $1,000 -
1970 $2,833 - $766 -
1969 $2,729 - $723 -
1968 $2,518 - $579 -
1967 $2,328 - $585 -
1966 $2,173 - $668 -
1965 $2,024 - $705 -
1964 $1,891 - $745 -
1963 $1,723 - $587 -
1962 $1,554 - $659 -
1961 $1,402 - $604 -
1960 $1,307 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $23,907 in Uruguay, ranking 52/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

France Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$81B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
3.11%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$23,907
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$55.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
68.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$16,421
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
38/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$12,433
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
31.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
4.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
8.21%
2024
Population
68788006
3382789

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 31.1% 68.7%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 30.5% 64%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 30% 59.9%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 28.8% 50%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 57% 88.7% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 58% 84.1% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 54% 66.9% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 54% 62.1% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 55.6% 62% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 56% 60.6% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 27.7% 20%
1992 54% 41.7% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 48.9% 34% 37% -
1988 50.1% 33.3% 26% 34.8%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 24.6% 29%
1984 51.2% 29% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 48.5% 22% 25% 4.32%
1980 46% 20.7% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 21.4% 15% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 22% 16.1% 23% 8.13%
1974 19.9% 15.4% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 19.7% 15.8% 22.6% 7%
1972 19.8% 17.7% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 20% 20.1% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 20.5% 21% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 21.5% 14.4% 14.6% -
1968 22.7% 15.8% 14.1% -
1967 21.4% 16.1% 14.7% -
1966 21.4% 15.3% 14.1% -
1965 21.1% 17.6% 15.6% -
1964 21% 19.6% 14.3% -
1963 22.6% 22.2% 14.6% -
1962 21.7% 23.6% 16% -
1961 21.9% 26.3% 13% -
1960 22.2% 28.5% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $25.2B, or 31.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 68.7% in Uruguay, ranking 14/185 and 59/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Uruguay
2024 -5.77% -3.22%
2023 -5.44% -3.13%
2022 -4.74% -2.52%
2021 -6.58% -2.61%
2020 -8.93% -4.64%
2019 -2.39% -2.71%
2018 -2.32% -1.89%
2017 -3.36% -2.51%
2016 -3.76% -2.68%
2015 -3.89% -1.86%
2014 -4.57% -2.6%
2013 -4.94% -1.72%
2012 -5.17% -2.17%
2011 -5.3% -0.33%
2010 -7.16% -0.39%
2009 -7.38% -1.39%
2008 -3.5% -1.31%
2007 -2.99% -0.16%
2006 -2.66% -0.64%
2005 -3.5% -0.28%
2004 -3.55% -0.87%
2003 -4.09% -2.19%
2002 -3.18% -3.19%
2001 -1.42% -2.85%
2000 -1.32% -2.76%
1999 -1.55% -2.76%
1998 -2.39% -0.76%
1997 -3.71% -0.97%
1996 -3.89% -1.32%
1995 -5.11% -1.08%
1994 -5.46% -2.37%
1993 -6.4% -0.47%
1992 -4.64% 0.6%
1991 -2.89% 0.88%
1990 -2.45% 0.49%
1989 -1.9% -13.1%
1988 -2.7% -1.47%
1987 -2.13% -0.66%
1986 -3.3% -0.34%
1985 -3.08% -1.88%
1984 -2.8% -4.94%
1983 -2.58% -3.54%
1982 -2.91% -8.22%
1981 -2.39% -1.15%
1980 -0.27% 0.43%
1979 -0.36% 0.99%
1978 -1.73% -0.47%
1977 0.9% -0.69%
1976 1.01% -2.01%
1975 -0.28% -4.38%
1974 3.05% -3.74%
1973 1.97% -1.09%
1972 1.94% -2.25%
1971 -0.13% -5.86%
1970 0.02% -1.33%
1969 -0.49% -2.37%
1968 -2.54% -2.93%
1967 -0.8% -4.12%
1966 -0.57% -2.01%
1965 -0.07% -5.14%
1964 -0.25% -3.61%
1963 -2.24% -4.4%
1962 -1.53% -5.02%
1961 -1.36% -0.86%
1960 -1.95% 0.79%
1959 0.56% 0.64%
1958 0.08% -1.38%
1957 -1.99% -0.72%
1956 -2.62% 0.04%
1955 -1.04% -1.24%
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.6B, or 3.22% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.71% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.21% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Uruguay
2024 2% 4.85%
2023 4.88% 5.87%
2022 5.22% 9.1%
2021 1.64% 7.75%
2020 0.48% 9.76%
2019 1.11% 7.88%
2018 1.85% 7.61%
2017 1.03% 6.22%
2016 0.18% 9.64%
2015 0.04% 8.67%
2014 0.51% 8.88%
2013 0.86% 8.58%
2012 1.95% 8.1%
2011 2.11% 8.09%
2010 1.53% 6.7%
2009 0.09% 7.06%
2008 2.81% 7.88%
2007 1.49% 8.11%
2006 1.68% 6.4%
2005 1.75% 4.7%
2004 2.14% 9.16%
2003 2.1% 19.4%
2002 1.92% 14%
2001 1.63% 4.36%
2000 1.68% 4.76%
1999 0.54% 5.66%
1998 0.65% 10.8%
1997 1.2% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 8.56% in Uruguay. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 4.85% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $145M
Chemicals & pharma $119M
Manufacturing & construction services $81.3M
Transport & tourism services $63.3M
Business & finance services $30.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.9M
IT & IP services $13.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.95M
Raw materials & minerals $7.13M
Metals $3.95M
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $14.3M
Wood & paper products $6.54M
Raw agricultural goods $6.26M
Machinery & equipment $3.33M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.34M
Chemicals & pharma $2.21M
Textiles & consumer goods $435K
Raw materials & minerals $222K
Precious metals & jewellery $201K
Metals $21K

Balance of trade

France Uruguay
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
111/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-0.78%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$13B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$16.3B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$6.22B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$7.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
23.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
28.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Uruguay
Economic freedom 64.6 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 39/197
Property rights 91.2 87.4
Government integrity 73.4 79
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 80.9
Tax burden 54.6 73.3
Government spending 0.9 72
Fiscal health 34.8 76.6
Business freedom 78.4 83.8
Labor freedom 59.1 61.7
Monetary freedom 73.2 70.2
Trade freedom 79.4 73.2
Investment freedom 75 50
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Uruguay
2026 64.6 69.8
2025 64.4 70.2
2024 62.5 69.8
2023 63.6 70.2
2022 65.9 70
2021 65.7 69.3
2020 66 69.1
2019 63.8 68.6
2018 63.9 69.2
2017 63.3 69.7
2016 62.3 68.8
2015 62.5 68.6
2014 63.5 69.3
2013 64.1 69.7
2012 63.2 69.9
2011 64.6 70
2010 64.2 69.8
2009 63.3 69.1
2008 64.7 67.9
2007 62.1 68.4
2006 61.1 65.3
2005 60.5 66.9
2004 60.9 66.7
2003 59.2 69.8
2002 58 68.7
2001 58 70.7
2000 57.4 69.3
1999 59.1 68.5
1998 58.9 68.6
1997 59.1 67.5
1996 63.7 63.7
1995 64.4 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
65.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
6.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$73.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$34,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$17.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
66/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
15.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.