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Economy of Eswatini vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Eswatini has a GDP of $5.16B compared to $3.37T for France, ranking 163/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Eswatini has $2.31B in government debt (44.9% of GDP), compared to $3.9T (116% of GDP) in France.

Eswatini vs France GDP by year

Eswatini
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Eswatini France
2025 $5,160,679,613 $3,366,315,927,447
2024 $4,858,885,841 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $4,621,191,262 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $4,746,660,274 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $4,807,069,277 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $4,134,677,810 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $4,617,018,959 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $4,643,751,059 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $4,462,640,651 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $3,722,306,117 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $3,908,217,914 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $4,285,065,665 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $4,463,396,204 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $4,747,813,067 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $4,722,912,047 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $4,360,714,359 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $3,525,213,502 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $3,235,921,171 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $3,391,122,887 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $3,215,307,901 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $3,097,946,371 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $2,710,331,785 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $2,149,632,433 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $1,393,945,031 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $1,502,870,486 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $1,697,161,558 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $1,547,888,496 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $1,576,908,856 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $1,716,714,070 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $1,602,741,834 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $1,698,989,464 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $1,419,294,254 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $1,357,189,552 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $1,284,759,928 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $1,156,135,718 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $1,114,694,041 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $696,921,542 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $692,026,455 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $584,126,092 $926,320,855,615
1986 $449,140,318 $764,946,585,851
1985 $360,079,419 $547,220,981,165
1984 $494,483,409 $525,033,325,828
1983 $555,336,146 $553,356,312,936
1982 $537,568,059 $578,152,310,610
1981 $570,774,825 $609,184,791,792
1980 $541,976,853 $694,529,183,483
1979 $412,093,134 $608,218,624,730
1978 $340,630,085 $501,724,418,605
1977 $304,060,076 $406,401,711,688
1976 $272,550,068 $368,363,152,144
1975 $288,299,789 $357,324,307,786
1974 $264,320,941 $282,739,225,314
1973 $221,915,128 $261,970,536,240
1972 $146,736,479 $201,738,881,664
1971 $136,462,081 $164,694,210,962
1970 $112,139,955 $147,312,861,698
1969 $105,419,958 $140,660,914,841
1968 $79,799,968 $128,710,572,572
1967 $74,759,970 $118,088,635,381
1966 $76,859,969 $109,306,730,313
1965 $70,279,972 $100,927,668,584
1964 $64,980,554 $93,424,179,943
1963 $54,129,438 $84,227,606,650
1962 $45,927,962 $75,196,980,365
1961 $43,026,043 $67,158,050,215
1960 $35,076,846 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Eswatini vs France by year

Eswatini
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Eswatini France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $4,108 - $48,986 -
2024 $3,910 $11,799 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $3,756 $11,300 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $3,894 $10,635 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $3,984 $9,990 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $3,467 $9,329 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $3,913 $9,248 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $3,973 $8,535 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $3,853 $8,584 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $3,238 $8,484 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $3,420 $8,391 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $3,771 $8,366 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $3,950 $8,231 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $4,225 $7,760 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $4,225 $7,571 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $3,923 $7,324 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $3,190 $7,011 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $2,947 $6,914 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $3,109 $6,732 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $2,965 $6,319 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $2,871 $5,773 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $2,526 $5,310 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $2,015 $5,020 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $1,316 $4,742 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $1,430 $4,521 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $1,630 $4,401 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $1,502 $4,272 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $1,547 $4,137 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $1,705 $4,038 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $1,619 $3,916 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $1,751 $3,777 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $1,461 $3,526 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $1,397 $3,371 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $1,362 $3,289 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $1,273 $3,236 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $1,278 $3,202 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $832 - $17,547 -
1988 $865 - $17,550 -
1987 $765 - $16,176 -
1986 $611 - $13,430 -
1985 $510 - $9,657 -
1984 $726 - $9,312 -
1983 $843 - $9,862 -
1982 $843 - $10,360 -
1981 $925 - $10,956 -
1980 $908 - $12,565 -
1979 $714 - $11,063 -
1978 $610 - $9,167 -
1977 $563 - $7,459 -
1976 $521 - $6,792 -
1975 $568 - $6,617 -
1974 $536 - $5,261 -
1973 $463 - $4,907 -
1972 $315 - $3,809 -
1971 $301 - $3,137 -
1970 $254.2 - $2,833 -
1969 $245.2 - $2,729 -
1968 $190.4 - $2,518 -
1967 $182.8 - $2,328 -
1966 $192.7 - $2,173 -
1965 $181 - $2,024 -
1964 $171.6 - $1,891 -
1963 $146.4 - $1,723 -
1962 $127.1 - $1,554 -
1961 $121.8 - $1,402 -
1960 $101.6 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

Eswatini's GDP per capita is $4,108, ranking 131/197, compared to $48,986 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Eswatini ranks 126th at $11,799, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Eswatini France
Gross domestic product
$5.16B
2025
$3.37T
2025
GDP rank
163/197
2025
7/197
2025
GDP growth
4.19%
2024-2025
0.84%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$4,108
2025
$48,986
2025
GDP per capita rank
131/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,799
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
126/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$2.31B
2025
$3.9T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.9%
2025
116%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,843
2025
$56,819
2025
Government debt per person rank
121/185
2025
8/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,770
2026
$35,062
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$234M
2007
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,388,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
51
2026
Income share by richest 10%
42.7%
2016
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.4%
2016
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
35.7%
2025
57.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.6%
2018-2019
0.94%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
6.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
34.3%
2023
7.7%
2025
Population
1276995
68871753

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Eswatini
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Eswatini France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 35.7% 44.9% 57.5% 116%
2024 33.6% 40.1% 57.3% 113.2%
2023 31.5% 39.4% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 28.9% 39.5% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 29.3% 37.3% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 32.2% 37.7% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 32.8% 30.5% 55.3% 98.2%
2018 31.6% 26.5% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 33.6% 21.7% 57.7% 98.8%
2016 34% 20.1% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 34.5% 16% 57.6% 97%
2014 32.7% 14.1% 58.4% 96.2%
2013 28.8% 15.2% 58.6% 94.6%
2012 27.1% 14.8% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 25.1% 14.6% 57% 88.7%
2010 31.1% 14.2% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 33.9% 10.6% 58% 84.1%
2008 33.4% 14.6% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 30.4% 16.1% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 27.6% 14.7% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 29% 13.6% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 31% 15% 54% 66.9%
2003 25.9% 17.7% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 26.5% 17.2% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 25.6% 21.7% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 24.7% 18.2% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 25.8% 16.7% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 22% 15.6% 54% 62.1%
1997 20.7% 12.7% 55.6% 62%
1996 22.5% 11.5% 56% 60.6%
1995 19.9% 12.5% 56% 57.8%
1994 23.4% 13.1% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 23% 15% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 24.7% 16.6% 54% 41.7%
1991 19.6% 20.1% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 18.2% 20.4% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 15.8% 26.8% 48.9% 34%
1988 15.6% 27.5% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 17% 36.1% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 19.8% 44% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 22.3% 45.5% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 22.2% 29.7% 51.2% 29%
1983 23.2% 28.7% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 24% 29.2% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 23.8% 24.3% 48.5% 22%
1980 19.6% 27.2% 46% 20.7%
1979 - - 44.9% 21.1%
1978 - - 44.7% 21.2%
1977 - - 21.4% 15%
1976 - - 21.7% 15.1%
1975 - - 22% 16.1%
1974 - - 19.9% 15.4%
1973 - - 19.7% 15.8%
1972 - - 19.8% 17.7%
1971 - - 20% 20.1%
1970 - - 20.5% 21%
1969 - - 21.5% 14.4%
1968 - - 22.7% 15.8%
1967 - - 21.4% 16.1%
1966 - - 21.4% 15.3%
1965 - - 21.1% 17.6%
1964 - - 21% 19.6%
1963 - - 22.6% 22.2%
1962 - - 21.7% 23.6%
1961 - - 21.9% 26.3%
1960 - - 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

In 2025, Eswatini's government spending was $1.84B, accounting for 35.7% of its GDP, while France spent $1.93T, or 57.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 44.9% in Eswatini and 116% in France, ranking 118/185 and 13/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Eswatini

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Eswatini France
2025 -6.14% -5.11%
2024 -1.06% -5.79%
2023 -0.66% -5.44%
2022 -5.27% -4.74%
2021 -4.55% -6.58%
2020 -4.21% -8.93%
2019 -6.23% -2.39%
2018 -6.59% -2.32%
2017 -5.64% -3.36%
2016 -8.36% -3.76%
2015 -5.89% -3.89%
2014 -1.16% -4.57%
2013 0.57% -4.94%
2012 3.39% -5.17%
2011 -3.88% -5.3%
2010 -9.34% -7.16%
2009 -3% -7.38%
2008 1.58% -3.5%
2007 2.37% -2.99%
2006 8.67% -2.66%
2005 -1.66% -3.5%
2004 -3.97% -3.55%
2003 -2.11% -4.09%
2002 -3.69% -3.18%
2001 -2.24% -1.42%
2000 -1.19% -1.32%
1999 -1.23% -1.55%
1998 1.05% -2.39%
1997 2.06% -3.71%
1996 -0.97% -3.89%
1995 0.87% -5.11%
1994 -3.43% -5.46%
1993 -3.15% -6.4%
1992 -2.76% -4.64%
1991 3.28% -2.89%
1990 5.47% -2.45%
1989 5.82% -1.9%
1988 3.23% -2.7%
1987 2.03% -2.13%
1986 -2.41% -3.3%
1985 -1.33% -3.08%
1984 1.25% -2.8%
1983 -0.6% -2.58%
1982 0.11% -2.91%
1981 -4.29% -2.39%
1980 6.55% -0.27%
1979 - -0.36%
1978 - -1.73%
1977 - 0.9%
1976 - 1.01%
1975 - -0.28%
1974 - 3.05%
1973 - 1.97%
1972 - 1.94%
1971 - -0.13%
1970 - 0.02%
1969 - -0.49%
1968 - -2.54%
1967 - -0.8%
1966 - -0.57%
1965 - -0.07%
1964 - -0.25%
1963 - -2.24%
1962 - -1.53%
1961 - -1.36%
1960 - -1.95%
1959 - 0.56%
1958 - 0.08%
1957 - -1.99%
1956 - -2.62%
1955 - -1.04%
1954 - -0.78%
1953 - -4.79%
1952 - -6.82%
1951 - -4.42%
1950 - -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

In 2025, Eswatini's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $317M, equivalent to 6.14% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $172B, or 5.11% of GDP.

Over the past 46 years, Eswatini recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 46 years. On average, Eswatini posted an annual deficit equal to 1.28% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.82% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Eswatini

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Eswatini France
2025 - 0.94%
2024 - 2%
2023 - 4.88%
2022 - 5.22%
2021 - 1.64%
2020 - 0.48%
2019 2.6% 1.11%
2018 4.82% 1.85%
2017 6.22% 1.03%
2016 7.85% 0.18%
2015 4.95% 0.04%
2014 5.68% 0.51%
2013 5.62% 0.86%
2012 8.94% 1.95%
2011 6.11% 2.11%
2010 4.51% 1.53%
2009 7.45% 0.09%
2008 12.7% 2.81%
2007 8.08% 1.49%
2006 5.3% 1.68%
2005 4.77% 1.75%
2004 3.45% 2.14%
2003 7.29% 2.1%
2002 12% 1.92%
2001 5.94% 1.63%
2000 12.2% 1.68%
1999 6.09% 0.54%
1998 8.11% 0.65%
1997 7.13% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Eswatini has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.86%, compared with 1.34% in France. In 2019, inflation was 2.6% in Eswatini and 0.94% in France.

Top exports between countries

Eswatini
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $8M
Machinery & equipment $2.06M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.64M
Raw agricultural goods $65K
Textiles & consumer goods $17K
Wood & paper products $7K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
Miscellaneous $1K
France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.4M
Raw agricultural goods $1.56M
Machinery & equipment $1.35M
Raw materials & minerals $150K
Miscellaneous $137K
Animal & marine products $77K
Textiles & consumer goods $66K
Precious metals & jewellery $40K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $38K
Metals $6K

Balance of trade

Eswatini France
Current account balance
$78.3M
2024
-$9.24B
2025
Current account balance ranking
65/190
2024
173/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.61%
2024
-0.27%
2025
Goods imports
$2.07B
2024
$770B
2025
Goods exports
$2.33B
2024
$704B
2025
Service imports
$542M
2024
$370B
2025
Service exports
$234M
2024
$429B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
33.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.8%
2024
33.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Eswatini France
Economic freedom 57.5 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 116/197 72/197
Property rights 42.5 91.2
Government integrity 29.7 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 35.5 84.7
Tax burden 78.6 54.6
Government spending 71 0.9
Fiscal health 87.5 34.8
Business freedom 49.9 78.4
Labor freedom 55.2 59.1
Monetary freedom 76.8 73.2
Trade freedom 73.6 79.4
Investment freedom 50 75
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Eswatini
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Eswatini France
2026 57.5 64.6
2025 56.4 64.4
2024 55.6 62.5
2023 54.9 63.6
2022 51.4 65.9
2021 55.1 65.7
2020 55.3 66
2019 54.7 63.8
2018 55.9 63.9
2017 61.1 63.3
2016 59.7 62.3
2015 59.9 62.5
2014 61.2 63.5
2013 57.2 64.1
2012 57.2 63.2
2011 59.1 64.6
2010 57.4 64.2
2009 59.1 63.3
2008 58.4 64.7
2007 60.1 62.1
2006 61.4 61.1
2005 59.4 60.5
2004 58.6 60.9
2003 59.6 59.2
2002 60.9 58
2001 63.6 58
2000 62.6 57.4
1999 62.1 59.1
1998 62 58.9
1997 59.4 59.1
1996 58.6 63.7
1995 63.3 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Eswatini is 57.5, ranking 116/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Eswatini France
Services, % of GDP
52.4%
2025
70.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
33.6%
2025
16.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.41%
2025
1.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.69B
2025
$3.34T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,390
2025
$65,110
2025
Total reserves including gold
$537M
2024
$428B
2025
Total reserves ranking
157/177
2024
12/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.8M
2024
$7.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$75.5M
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$63.8M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.88%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.9%
2016
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15%
2024
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/eswatini/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.