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Economy of France vs Guatemala compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $113B for Guatemala, ranking 7/197 and 68/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $29.8B (26.3% of GDP) in Guatemala.

France vs Guatemala GDP by year

France
Guatemala
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Guatemala
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $113,199,581,158
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $104,368,755,055
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $95,641,446,501
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $86,455,522,273
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $77,719,468,248
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $77,172,331,693
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $73,328,356,008
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $71,653,780,740
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $66,053,408,206
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $62,186,066,548
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $57,852,159,008
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $52,996,420,177
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $49,593,929,487
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $46,876,006,272
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $40,676,578,423
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $37,126,148,265
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $38,503,720,224
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $33,567,850,824
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $29,744,246,827
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $26,783,389,294
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $23,577,298,095
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $21,576,351,799
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $20,444,205,991
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $18,405,220,247
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $19,288,929,030
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $18,318,412,251
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $19,395,491,993
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $17,790,026,222
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $15,674,835,615
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $14,655,404,433
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $12,983,233,311
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $11,400,017,301
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $10,440,781,588
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $9,406,135,143
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $7,650,196,845
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $8,410,724,361
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $7,841,602,824
1987 $926,320,855,615 $7,084,399,840
1986 $764,946,585,851 $7,231,963,516
1985 $547,220,981,165 $9,721,652,087
1984 $525,033,325,828 $9,470,000,100
1983 $553,356,312,936 $9,050,000,400
1982 $578,152,310,610 $8,716,999,700
1981 $609,184,791,792 $8,607,500,300
1980 $694,529,183,483 $7,878,700,000
1979 $608,218,624,730 $6,902,600,200
1978 $501,724,418,605 $6,070,600,200
1977 $406,401,711,688 $5,480,500,200
1976 $368,363,152,144 $4,365,300,200
1975 $357,324,307,786 $3,645,900,000
1974 $282,739,225,314 $3,161,499,900
1973 $261,970,536,240 $2,569,200,100
1972 $201,738,881,664 $2,101,300,000
1971 $164,694,210,962 $1,984,800,000
1970 $147,312,861,698 $1,904,000,000
1969 $140,660,914,841 $1,715,399,900
1968 $128,710,572,572 $1,610,500,000
1967 $118,088,635,381 $1,453,500,000
1966 $109,306,730,313 $1,390,700,000
1965 $100,927,668,584 $1,331,399,900
1964 $93,424,179,943 $1,299,099,900
1963 $84,227,606,650 $1,262,800,000
1962 $75,196,980,365 $1,143,600,000
1961 $67,158,050,215 $1,076,699,900
1960 $61,959,085,885 $1,043,599,900

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Guatemala by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guatemala
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Guatemala
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $6,150 $14,369
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $5,758 $13,745
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $5,359 $13,014
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $4,913 $11,825
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $4,478 $10,947
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $4,512 $10,756
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $4,353 $9,947
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $4,325 $9,560
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $4,060 $9,201
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $3,894 $8,934
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $3,689 $8,237
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $3,444 $7,700
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $3,287 $7,258
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $3,169 $6,784
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $2,805 $6,510
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $2,612 $6,377
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $2,763 $6,435
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $2,459 $6,238
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $2,225 $5,833
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $2,046 $5,486
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $1,841 $5,263
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $1,723 $5,081
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $1,669 $4,969
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $1,538 $4,822
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $1,649 $4,715
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $1,604 $4,557
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $1,741 $4,437
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $1,638 $4,287
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,481 $4,143
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $1,421 $4,055
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $1,293 $3,886
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $1,166 $3,756
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $1,096 $3,626
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $1,014 $3,473
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $848 $3,330
1989 $17,547 - $958 -
1988 $17,550 - $919 -
1987 $16,176 - $854 -
1986 $13,430 - $896 -
1985 $9,657 - $1,238 -
1984 $9,312 - $1,241 -
1983 $9,862 - $1,220 -
1982 $10,360 - $1,204 -
1981 $10,956 - $1,216 -
1980 $12,565 - $1,142 -
1979 $11,063 - $1,026 -
1978 $9,167 - $925 -
1977 $7,459 - $856 -
1976 $6,792 - $697 -
1975 $6,617 - $595 -
1974 $5,261 - $529 -
1973 $4,907 - $441 -
1972 $3,809 - $370 -
1971 $3,137 - $358 -
1970 $2,833 - $353 -
1969 $2,729 - $326 -
1968 $2,518 - $315 -
1967 $2,328 - $291.9 -
1966 $2,173 - $287.3 -
1965 $2,024 - $283 -
1964 $1,891 - $284.2 -
1963 $1,723 - $284.4 -
1962 $1,554 - $265.2 -
1961 $1,402 - $257.2 -
1960 $1,307 - $256.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $6,150 in Guatemala, ranking 112/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Guatemala ranks 116th at $14,369.

Economic indicators

France Guatemala
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$113B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
68/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
3.65%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$6,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
112/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$14,369
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
116/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$29.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
26.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$1,619
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
124/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$4,917
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
34.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
1.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
13.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
2.87%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
1.9%
2024
Population
68788006
19049936

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Guatemala
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Guatemala
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 13.4% 26.3%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 13.7% 27.2%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 14.3% 29%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 13.5% 30.6%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 15.6% 31.5%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 13.4% 26.4%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 13.2% 26.4%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 12.8% 25.1%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 12.6% 24.9%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 12.6% 24.8%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 13.6% 24.7%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 14% 25%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 14.2% 24.6%
2011 57% 88.7% 14.5% 23.8%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 14.5% 24%
2009 58% 84.1% 14.1% 22.8%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 13.3% 19.6%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 13.9% 20.8%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 14.2% 20.9%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 13.2% 20%
2004 54% 66.9% 12.9% 20.6%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 14.4% 19.8%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 13.1% 17.4%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 13.8% 19.1%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 13.6% 18%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 14.6% 22%
1998 54% 62.1% 13.2% 19%
1997 55.6% 62% 11.2% 18.5%
1996 56% 60.6% 9.85% 19.2%
1995 56% 57.8% 9.77% 21%
1994 55.9% 51.6% - -
1993 56.5% 48.2% - -
1992 54% 41.7% - -
1991 52.7% 37.8% - -
1990 51.6% 36.8% - -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Guatemala spent $15.1B, or 13.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 26.3% in Guatemala, ranking 14/185 and 161/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Guatemala
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Guatemala
2024 -5.77% -0.96%
2023 -5.44% -1.25%
2022 -4.74% -1.7%
2021 -6.58% -1.16%
2020 -8.93% -4.91%
2019 -2.39% -2.24%
2018 -2.32% -1.88%
2017 -3.36% -1.38%
2016 -3.76% -1.11%
2015 -3.89% -1.47%
2014 -4.57% -1.92%
2013 -4.94% -2.16%
2012 -5.17% -2.42%
2011 -5.3% -2.8%
2010 -7.16% -3.28%
2009 -7.38% -3.12%
2008 -3.5% -1.57%
2007 -2.99% -1.4%
2006 -2.66% -1.88%
2005 -3.5% -1.67%
2004 -3.55% -1.05%
2003 -4.09% -2.47%
2002 -3.18% -1.03%
2001 -1.42% -2%
2000 -1.32% -1.88%
1999 -1.55% -2.96%
1998 -2.39% -2.29%
1997 -3.71% -0.79%
1996 -3.89% 0.04%
1995 -5.11% -0.53%
1994 -5.46% -
1993 -6.4% -
1992 -4.64% -
1991 -2.89% -
1990 -2.45% -
1989 -1.9% -
1988 -2.7% -
1987 -2.13% -
1986 -3.3% -
1985 -3.08% -
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Guatemala's deficit of $1.09B, or 0.96% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Guatemala ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 4.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.84% of GDP for Guatemala.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Guatemala
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Guatemala
2024 2% 2.87%
2023 4.88% 6.21%
2022 5.22% 6.89%
2021 1.64% 4.26%
2020 0.48% 3.21%
2019 1.11% 3.7%
2018 1.85% 3.75%
2017 1.03% 4.42%
2016 0.18% 4.45%
2015 0.04% 2.39%
2014 0.51% 3.42%
2013 0.86% 4.34%
2012 1.95% 3.78%
2011 2.11% 6.21%
2010 1.53% 3.86%
2009 0.09% 1.86%
2008 2.81% 11.4%
2007 1.49% 6.82%
2006 1.68% 6.56%
2005 1.75% 9.11%
2004 2.14% 7.58%
2003 2.1% 5.6%
2002 1.92% 8.13%
2001 1.63% 7.29%
2000 1.68% 5.98%
1999 0.54% 5.21%
1998 0.65% 6.61%
1997 1.2% 9.23%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 5.54% in Guatemala. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 2.87% in Guatemala.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $28.5M
Chemicals & pharma $22.6M
Raw materials & minerals $8.66M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.13M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.92M
Raw agricultural goods $6.58M
Miscellaneous $4.33M
Wood & paper products $547K
Animal & marine products $529K
Metals $309K
Guatemala
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $22.6M
Chemicals & pharma $3.37M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.5M
Animal & marine products $1.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.06M
Wood & paper products $381K
Machinery & equipment $20K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Raw materials & minerals $11K
Metals $6K

Balance of trade

France Guatemala
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
$3.27B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
38/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
+2.89%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$29.1B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$6.45B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$4.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
31.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
15.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Guatemala
Economic freedom 64.6 63.5
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 79/197
Property rights 91.2 39.1
Government integrity 73.4 25.2
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 26.1
Tax burden 54.6 91.3
Government spending 0.9 94.3
Fiscal health 34.8 95.9
Business freedom 78.4 65.7
Labor freedom 59.1 52.5
Monetary freedom 73.2 77.3
Trade freedom 79.4 74.6
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Guatemala
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Guatemala
2026 64.6 63.5
2025 64.4 63.4
2024 62.5 62.4
2023 63.6 62.7
2022 65.9 63.2
2021 65.7 64
2020 66 64
2019 63.8 62.6
2018 63.9 63.4
2017 63.3 63
2016 62.3 61.8
2015 62.5 60.4
2014 63.5 61.2
2013 64.1 60
2012 63.2 60.9
2011 64.6 61.9
2010 64.2 61
2009 63.3 59.4
2008 64.7 59.8
2007 62.1 60.5
2006 61.1 59.1
2005 60.5 59.5
2004 60.9 59.6
2003 59.2 62.3
2002 58 62.3
2001 58 65.1
2000 57.4 64.3
1999 59.1 66.2
1998 58.9 65.8
1997 59.1 65.7
1996 63.7 63.7
1995 64.4 62

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 63.5 for Guatemala, ranking 79/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Guatemala
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
61.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
9.78%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$106B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$14,170
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$24.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
57/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$983M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.85B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$865M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.75%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
56%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
16.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/guatemala | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.