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Economy of Brazil vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $3.16T for France, ranking 10/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $3.58T (113.1% of GDP) in France.

Brazil vs France GDP by year

Brazil
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil France
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $891,633,826,625 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $669,289,321,945 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $558,233,724,165 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $509,795,270,685 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $559,983,704,094 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $655,448,188,259 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $599,642,075,004 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $863,711,007,325 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $883,206,452,795 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $850,426,433,004 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $769,333,330,412 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $525,369,851,354 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $368,295,778,245 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $328,187,960,872 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $342,609,231,343 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $390,725,626,003 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $412,990,820,287 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $307,881,930,752 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $283,056,836,894 $926,320,855,615
1986 $256,480,852,471 $764,946,585,851
1985 $210,879,844,639 $547,220,981,165
1984 $188,339,974,087 $525,033,325,828
1983 $189,656,506,321 $553,356,312,936
1982 $271,314,113,768 $578,152,310,610
1981 $258,015,174,749 $609,184,791,792
1980 $237,393,489,893 $694,529,183,483
1979 $221,338,204,480 $608,218,624,730
1978 $200,278,646,124 $501,724,418,605
1977 $176,344,101,402 $406,401,711,688
1976 $153,168,949,208 $368,363,152,144
1975 $129,203,555,239 $357,324,307,786
1974 $109,794,519,728 $282,739,225,314
1973 $83,592,275,863 $261,970,536,240
1972 $58,434,858,375 $201,738,881,664
1971 $48,869,830,902 $164,694,210,962
1970 $42,327,664,794 $147,312,861,698
1969 $37,171,640,819 $140,660,914,841
1968 $33,930,457,425 $128,710,572,572
1967 $31,086,389,195 $118,088,635,381
1966 $28,283,323,733 $109,306,730,313
1965 $22,465,522,884 $100,927,668,584
1964 $20,963,733,695 $93,424,179,943
1963 $23,287,712,878 $84,227,606,650
1962 $19,231,747,852 $75,196,980,365
1961 $17,275,940,449 $67,158,050,215
1960 $17,030,465,539 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs France by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $2,819 - $17,547 -
1988 $2,141 - $17,550 -
1987 $2,006 - $16,176 -
1986 $1,854 - $13,430 -
1985 $1,556 - $9,657 -
1984 $1,420 - $9,312 -
1983 $1,461 - $9,862 -
1982 $2,138 - $10,360 -
1981 $2,080 - $10,956 -
1980 $1,959 - $12,565 -
1979 $1,870 - $11,063 -
1978 $1,733 - $9,167 -
1977 $1,562 - $7,459 -
1976 $1,390 - $6,792 -
1975 $1,201 - $6,617 -
1974 $1,045 - $5,261 -
1973 $815 - $4,907 -
1972 $583 - $3,809 -
1971 $500 - $3,137 -
1970 $444 - $2,833 -
1969 $399 - $2,729 -
1968 $374 - $2,518 -
1967 $351 - $2,328 -
1966 $328 - $2,173 -
1965 $268 - $2,024 -
1964 $257.3 - $1,891 -
1963 $294.2 - $1,723 -
1962 $250.2 - $1,554 -
1961 $231.6 - $1,402 -
1960 $235.3 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $46,103 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Brazil France
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$3.16T
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
1.19%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$46,103
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$3.58T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
113.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$52,165
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
8/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$35,669
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
2,897,000
2025
Number of billionaires
56
2025
52
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
57.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
7.44%
2024
Population
213824938
68788006

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 57.2% 113.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 46.2% 96% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 43% 87.1% 55.3% 98.1%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 57.7% 98.7%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 57.6% 96.9%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 58.4% 96.1%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 58.6% 94.5%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 57% 88.7%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 58% 84.1%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 40.4% 63% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 41.9% 67% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 39.7% 68% 54% 66.9%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 54% 62.1%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 55.6% 62%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 56% 60.6%
1995 - 28% 56% 57.8%
1994 - 30% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 - 32.6% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 - 37.1% 54% 41.7%
1991 - 38.1% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 - 40.6% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 - 40.2% 48.9% 34%
1988 - 46.9% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 - 50.3% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 10% 55.8% 51.2% 29%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 48.5% 22%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 46% 20.7%
1979 9% 36.6% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 10.2% 37% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 10.4% 31% 21.4% 15%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 22% 16.1%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 11% 22.4% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 20% 20.1%
1970 11.4% 17% 20.5% 21%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 21.5% 14.4%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 22.7% 15.8%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 21.4% 16.1%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 21.4% 15.3%
1965 14% 17.6% 21.1% 17.6%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 21% 19.6%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 22.6% 22.2%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 21.7% 23.6%
1961 12% 25.7% 21.9% 26.3%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while France spent $1.81T, or 57.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 113.1% in France, ranking 38/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil France
2024 -6.19% -5.77%
2023 -7.71% -5.44%
2022 -3.96% -4.74%
2021 -2.63% -6.58%
2020 -11.6% -8.93%
2019 -4.86% -2.39%
2018 -6.99% -2.32%
2017 -7.97% -3.36%
2016 -7.99% -3.76%
2015 -9.28% -3.89%
2014 -6.27% -4.57%
2013 -3.42% -4.94%
2012 -2.35% -5.17%
2011 -2.74% -5.3%
2010 -3.55% -7.16%
2009 -4.23% -7.38%
2008 -2.39% -3.5%
2007 -2.66% -2.99%
2006 -4.87% -2.66%
2005 -3.36% -3.5%
2004 -2.95% -3.55%
2003 -5.4% -4.09%
2002 -4.15% -3.18%
2001 -3.47% -1.42%
2000 -3.32% -1.32%
1999 -5.17% -1.55%
1998 -7.22% -2.39%
1997 -5.6% -3.71%
1996 -5.35% -3.89%
1995 - -5.11%
1994 - -5.46%
1993 - -6.4%
1992 - -4.64%
1991 - -2.89%
1990 - -2.45%
1989 - -1.9%
1988 - -2.7%
1987 - -2.13%
1986 -1.6% -3.3%
1985 -1.3% -3.08%
1984 -0.4% -2.8%
1983 0.1% -2.58%
1982 1.4% -2.91%
1981 1% -2.39%
1980 2.5% -0.27%
1979 0.4% -0.36%
1978 -0.1% -1.73%
1977 0.1% 0.9%
1976 0.1% 1.01%
1975 0% -0.28%
1974 0.6% 3.05%
1973 0.1% 1.97%
1972 -0.1% 1.94%
1971 -0.3% -0.13%
1970 -0.4% 0.02%
1969 -0.6% -0.49%
1968 -1.6% -2.54%
1967 -2.1% -0.8%
1966 -1.3% -0.57%
1965 -2% -0.07%
1964 -8.79% -0.25%
1963 -5.78% -2.24%
1962 -6.82% -1.53%
1961 -2.93% -1.36%
1960 -3.85% -1.95%
1959 -0.18% 0.56%
1958 -0.76% 0.08%
1957 -0.29% -1.99%
1956 -0.14% -2.62%
1955 -0.62% -1.04%
1954 -0.49% -0.78%
1953 -1.26% -4.79%
1952 0.64% -6.82%
1951 0.87% -4.42%
1950 -1.58% -5.56%
1949 -1.22% -7.31%
1948 0.002% -9.11%
1947 0.25% -7.6%
1946 -1.78% -8.1%
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -6.89%
1936 -0.27% -4.76%
1935 -0.5% -4.22%
1934 -2.28% -4.31%
1933 -1.56% -4.96%
1932 -6.47% -1.86%
1931 -1.56% -2.06%
1930 -3.58% -1.65%
1929 -0.09% 1.48%
1928 0.57% 1.13%
1927 0.12% -0.04%
1926 -0.76% -0.02%
1925 -0.07% -0.87%
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% 0.05%
1912 -3.05% 0.23%
1911 -2.15% 0.31%
1910 -2.06% -0.12%
1909 -1.62% -0.11%
1908 -1.89% -0.15%
1907 0.38% 0.23%
1906 0.28% -0.04%
1905 0.96% 0.18%
1904 -0.62% 0.3%
1903 1.79% 0.21%
1902 1.59% -0.37%
1901 -2.46% -0.39%
1900 -5.57% 0.21%
1899 -2.13% 0.21%
1898 -14% 0.29%
1897 -2.38% 0.01%
1896 -0.79% -0.03%
1895 -1.33% -0.07%
1894 -4.11% -0.08%
1893 -1.77% -0.3%
1892 -2.6% -0.03%
1891 0.51% 0.36%
1890 -3.02% 0.31%
1889 -3.79% 0.09%
1888 0.63% 0.18%
1887 -0.76% -0.07%
1886 -3.8% -0.5%
1885 -5.71% -0.59%
1884 -3.89% -0.35%
1883 -3.33% -0.23%
1882 -1.58% -0.15%
1881 -1.9% 0.64%
1880 -4.84% 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $182B, or 5.77% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.24% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.71% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil France
2024 4.4% 2%
2023 4.6% 4.88%
2022 9.3% 5.22%
2021 8.3% 1.64%
2020 3.2% 0.48%
2019 3.7% 1.11%
2018 3.7% 1.85%
2017 3.4% 1.03%
2016 8.7% 0.18%
2015 9% 0.04%
2014 6.3% 0.51%
2013 6.2% 0.86%
2012 5.4% 1.95%
2011 6.6% 2.11%
2010 5% 1.53%
2009 4.9% 0.09%
2008 5.7% 2.81%
2007 3.6% 1.49%
2006 4.2% 1.68%
2005 6.9% 1.75%
2004 6.6% 2.14%
2003 14.7% 2.1%
2002 8.4% 1.92%
2001 6.8% 1.63%
2000 7% 1.68%
1999 4.9% 0.54%
1998 3.2% 0.65%
1997 6.9% 1.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 1.61% in France. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 2% in France.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $813M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $709M
Machinery & equipment $457M
Wood & paper products $329M
Metals $231M
Raw agricultural goods $209M
Chemicals & pharma $117M
Textiles & consumer goods $93M
Precious metals & jewellery $25.5M
Animal & marine products $15.3M
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.21B
Transport & tourism services $1.86B
Business & finance services $1.48B
Chemicals & pharma $1.46B
IT & IP services $482M
Metals $203M
Manufacturing & construction services $197M
Textiles & consumer goods $165M
Raw materials & minerals $123M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $117M

Balance of trade

Brazil France
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
$2.69B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
42/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
+0.09%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$733B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$668B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$341B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$403B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
34.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
33.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil France
Economic freedom 52.4 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 72/197
Property rights 49.2 91.2
Government integrity 37.2 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 84.7
Tax burden 70.6 54.6
Government spending 39.8 0.9
Fiscal health 28 34.8
Business freedom 65.7 78.4
Labor freedom 57 59.1
Monetary freedom 76 73.2
Trade freedom 69 79.4
Investment freedom 40 75
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil France
2026 52.4 64.6
2025 55.1 64.4
2024 53.2 62.5
2023 53.5 63.6
2022 53.3 65.9
2021 53.4 65.7
2020 53.7 66
2019 51.9 63.8
2018 51.4 63.9
2017 52.9 63.3
2016 56.5 62.3
2015 56.6 62.5
2014 56.9 63.5
2013 57.7 64.1
2012 57.9 63.2
2011 56.3 64.6
2010 55.6 64.2
2009 56.7 63.3
2008 56.2 64.7
2007 56.2 62.1
2006 60.9 61.1
2005 61.7 60.5
2004 62 60.9
2003 63.4 59.2
2002 61.5 58
2001 61.9 58
2000 61.1 57.4
1999 61.3 59.1
1998 52.3 58.9
1997 52.6 59.1
1996 48.1 63.7
1995 51.4 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil France
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
70.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
1.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$3.1T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$63,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$283B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
13/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/france | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.