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Economy of France vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 7/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

France vs Morocco GDP by year

France
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Morocco
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $160,610,994,055
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $146,036,093,667
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $131,245,312,804
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $142,022,058,447
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $121,353,645,057
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $128,920,266,409
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $127,341,147,582
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $118,540,573,368
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $111,572,947,005
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $110,413,823,842
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $119,130,841,412
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $115,739,287,305
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $106,937,392,311
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $110,080,631,332
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $100,865,329,473
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $101,154,952,241
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $101,822,906,949
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $86,947,913,287
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $75,883,823,301
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $68,852,658,069
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $66,114,145,451
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $58,029,363,354
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $47,077,192,188
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $43,831,480,208
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $43,017,455,402
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $46,266,428,648
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $46,497,608,725
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $39,147,844,526
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $43,161,571,528
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $39,030,285,468
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $35,604,137,423
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $31,655,473,664
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $33,711,069,431
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $32,285,573,574
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $30,179,954,775
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $26,314,313,191
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $25,705,296,184
1987 $926,320,855,615 $21,765,195,948
1986 $764,946,585,851 $19,462,085,540
1985 $547,220,981,165 $14,991,283,216
1984 $525,033,325,828 $14,824,667,954
1983 $553,356,312,936 $16,251,408,128
1982 $578,152,310,610 $17,692,276,734
1981 $609,184,791,792 $17,788,185,479
1980 $694,529,183,483 $21,728,516,153
1979 $608,218,624,730 $15,911,994,817
1978 $501,724,418,605 $13,236,946,234
1977 $406,401,711,688 $11,049,783,872
1976 $368,363,152,144 $9,584,297,284
1975 $357,324,307,786 $8,984,853,005
1974 $282,739,225,314 $7,675,466,449
1973 $261,970,536,240 $6,242,145,880
1972 $201,738,881,664 $5,074,117,545
1971 $164,694,210,962 $4,356,669,034
1970 $147,312,861,698 $3,956,336,244
1969 $140,660,914,841 $3,651,622,669
1968 $128,710,572,572 $3,271,422,333
1967 $118,088,635,381 $3,046,345,314
1966 $109,306,730,313 $2,876,401,297
1965 $100,927,668,584 $2,948,331,090
1964 $93,424,179,943 $2,798,345,299
1963 $84,227,606,650 $2,657,252,578
1962 $75,196,980,365 $2,379,611,125
1961 $67,158,050,215 $2,025,693,540
1960 $61,959,085,885 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Morocco by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $17,547 - $1,099 -
1988 $17,550 - $1,094 -
1987 $16,176 - $944 -
1986 $13,430 - $861 -
1985 $9,657 - $678 -
1984 $9,312 - $687 -
1983 $9,862 - $772 -
1982 $10,360 - $862 -
1981 $10,956 - $890 -
1980 $12,565 - $1,117 -
1979 $11,063 - $839 -
1978 $9,167 - $716 -
1977 $7,459 - $613 -
1976 $6,792 - $545 -
1975 $6,617 - $524 -
1974 $5,261 - $459 -
1973 $4,907 - $382 -
1972 $3,809 - $319 -
1971 $3,137 - $280.6 -
1970 $2,833 - $261.5 -
1969 $2,729 - $247.8 -
1968 $2,518 - $228 -
1967 $2,328 - $218.1 -
1966 $2,173 - $211.5 -
1965 $2,024 - $222.7 -
1964 $1,891 - $216.9 -
1963 $1,723 - $211.3 -
1962 $1,554 - $194.2 -
1961 $1,402 - $169.8 -
1960 $1,307 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

France Morocco
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
68788006
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 33% 67.7%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 32% 68.7%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 31% 69.4%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 57% 88.7% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 58% 84.1% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 28.3% 42%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 26% 50.6%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 54% 66.9% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 54% 62.1% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 55.6% 62% 18.6% 68%
1996 56% 60.6% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 54% 41.7% 22.3% 67%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 14/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Morocco
2024 -5.77% -3.92%
2023 -5.44% -4.41%
2022 -4.74% -5.37%
2021 -6.58% -5.92%
2020 -8.93% -7.15%
2019 -2.39% -3.8%
2018 -2.32% -3.52%
2017 -3.36% -3.3%
2016 -3.76% -4.49%
2015 -3.89% -4.59%
2014 -4.57% -4.78%
2013 -4.94% -4.7%
2012 -5.17% -6.63%
2011 -5.3% -6.08%
2010 -7.16% -3.93%
2009 -7.38% -1.63%
2008 -3.5% 0.63%
2007 -2.99% -0.12%
2006 -2.66% -1.8%
2005 -3.5% -5.46%
2004 -3.55% -3.31%
2003 -4.09% -3.74%
2002 -3.18% -4.37%
2001 -1.42% -3.79%
2000 -1.32% -1.97%
1999 -1.55% 3.21%
1998 -2.39% 1.47%
1997 -3.71% 1.5%
1996 -3.89% 0.87%
1995 -5.11% -2.54%
1994 -5.46% -2.51%
1993 -6.4% -2%
1992 -4.64% -1.84%
1991 -2.89% -0.9%
1990 -2.45% -1.32%
1989 -1.9% -
1988 -2.7% -
1987 -2.13% -
1986 -3.3% -
1985 -3.08% -
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 4.18% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Morocco
2024 2% 0.99%
2023 4.88% 6.09%
2022 5.22% 6.66%
2021 1.64% 1.4%
2020 0.48% 0.71%
2019 1.11% 0.3%
2018 1.85% 1.8%
2017 1.03% 0.75%
2016 0.18% 1.64%
2015 0.04% 1.56%
2014 0.51% 0.44%
2013 0.86% 1.88%
2012 1.95% 1.29%
2011 2.11% 0.91%
2010 1.53% 0.99%
2009 0.09% 0.97%
2008 2.81% 3.71%
2007 1.49% 2.04%
2006 1.68% 3.28%
2005 1.75% 0.98%
2004 2.14% 1.49%
2003 2.1% 1.17%
2002 1.92% 2.8%
2001 1.63% 0.62%
2000 1.68% 1.89%
1999 0.54% 0.68%
1998 0.65% 2.75%
1997 1.2% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.9B
Transport & tourism services $951M
Chemicals & pharma $897M
Metals $666M
Business & finance services $654M
Raw agricultural goods $598M
Raw materials & minerals $540M
Textiles & consumer goods $485M
IT & IP services $343M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $250M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.39B
Raw agricultural goods $1.19B
Textiles & consumer goods $998M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $324M
Metals $292M
Raw materials & minerals $213M
Chemicals & pharma $192M
Animal & marine products $54.3M
Wood & paper products $37.8M
Miscellaneous $14.8M

Balance of trade

France Morocco
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Morocco
Economic freedom 64.6 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 91/197
Property rights 91.2 55.2
Government integrity 73.4 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 32.5
Tax burden 54.6 65.5
Government spending 0.9 67.5
Fiscal health 34.8 57.5
Business freedom 78.4 72.1
Labor freedom 59.1 46.2
Monetary freedom 73.2 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 75 80
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Morocco
2026 64.6 61.8
2025 64.4 60.3
2024 62.5 56.8
2023 63.6 58.4
2022 65.9 59.2
2021 65.7 63.3
2020 66 63.3
2019 63.8 62.9
2018 63.9 61.9
2017 63.3 61.5
2016 62.3 61.3
2015 62.5 60.1
2014 63.5 58.3
2013 64.1 59.6
2012 63.2 60.2
2011 64.6 59.6
2010 64.2 59.2
2009 63.3 57.7
2008 64.7 55.6
2007 62.1 56.4
2006 61.1 51.5
2005 60.5 52.2
2004 60.9 56.7
2003 59.2 57.8
2002 58 59
2001 58 63.9
2000 57.4 63.2
1999 59.1 63.8
1998 58.9 61.1
1997 59.1 64.7
1996 63.7 64.3
1995 64.4 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Morocco
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/morocco | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.