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Economy of Barbados vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Barbados has a GDP of $8.02B compared to $3.37T for France, ranking 157/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Barbados has $7.55B in government debt (94.2% of GDP), compared to $3.9T (116% of GDP) in France.

Barbados vs France GDP by year

Barbados
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Barbados France
2025 $8,016,550,000 $3,366,315,927,447
2024 $7,597,571,450 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $7,223,248,150 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $6,886,644,900 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $5,948,900,600 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $5,403,246,950 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $6,166,710,800 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $6,001,101,550 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $5,847,381,600 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $5,679,029,450 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $5,699,619,150 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $5,684,901,000 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $5,660,059,700 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $5,486,500,500 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $5,563,162,050 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $5,428,683,250 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $4,466,809,600 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $4,790,410,400 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $4,675,767,950 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $4,217,323,400 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $3,819,500,000 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $3,444,500,000 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $3,209,500,000 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $3,106,500,000 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $3,054,500,000 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $3,059,500,000 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $2,951,822,205 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $2,817,083,478 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $2,498,384,130 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $2,363,645,403 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $2,216,974,096 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $2,151,344,901 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $2,063,342,117 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $1,957,000,000 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $2,020,583,702 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $2,012,131,457 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $2,006,165,167 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $1,812,757,918 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $1,704,370,308 $926,320,855,615
1986 $1,547,755,183 $764,946,585,851
1985 $1,409,536,121 $547,220,981,165
1984 $1,346,890,071 $525,033,325,828
1983 $1,236,016,507 $553,356,312,936
1982 $1,163,923,830 $578,152,310,610
1981 $1,114,204,743 $609,184,791,792
1980 $1,012,280,615 $694,529,183,483
1979 $670,362,452 $608,218,624,730
1978 $552,883,707 $501,724,418,605
1977 $495,097,668 $406,401,711,688
1976 $435,911,269 $368,363,152,144
1975 $402,178,605 $357,324,307,786
1974 $311,804,630 $282,739,225,314
1973 $260,767,828 $261,970,536,240
1972 $213,725,217 $201,738,881,664
1971 $186,826,503 $164,694,210,962
1970 $166,210,203 $147,312,861,698
1969 $141,393,142 $140,660,914,841
1968 $125,733,669 $128,710,572,572
1967 $125,554,009 $118,088,635,381
1966 $113,195,123 $109,306,730,313
1965 $105,021,997 $100,927,668,584
1964 $99,252,731 $93,424,179,943
1963 $99,893,761 $84,227,606,650
1962 $88,782,583 $75,196,980,365
1961 $85,363,759 $67,158,050,215
1960 $80,021,847 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Barbados vs France by year

Barbados
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Barbados France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $28,365 - $48,986 -
2024 $26,897 $24,823 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $25,584 $23,660 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $24,393 $22,193 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $21,084 $17,683 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $19,181 $16,555 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $21,929 $19,971 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $21,378 $19,777 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $20,871 $18,437 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $20,311 $19,176 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $20,429 $19,186 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $20,424 $18,595 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $20,384 $19,032 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $19,811 $19,605 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $20,146 $20,316 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $19,723 $20,033 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $16,295 $20,324 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $17,566 $21,376 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $17,235 $20,949 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $15,620 $20,076 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $14,214 $18,450 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $12,886 $17,299 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $12,076 $16,707 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $11,760 $16,133 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $11,640 $15,866 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $11,675 $15,914 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $11,244 $14,873 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $10,734 $14,621 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $9,522 $13,941 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $9,012 $13,090 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $8,460 $12,375 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $8,223 $11,900 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $7,905 $11,448 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $7,519 $11,127 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $7,790 $11,576 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $7,781 $11,687 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $7,773 - $17,547 -
1988 $7,033 - $17,550 -
1987 $6,625 - $16,176 -
1986 $6,031 - $13,430 -
1985 $5,510 - $9,657 -
1984 $5,284 - $9,312 -
1983 $4,866 - $9,862 -
1982 $4,599 - $10,360 -
1981 $4,417 - $10,956 -
1980 $4,025 - $12,565 -
1979 $2,668 - $11,063 -
1978 $2,198 - $9,167 -
1977 $1,968 - $7,459 -
1976 $1,734 - $6,792 -
1975 $1,601 - $6,617 -
1974 $1,243 - $5,261 -
1973 $1,042 - $4,907 -
1972 $856 - $3,809 -
1971 $750 - $3,137 -
1970 $666 - $2,833 -
1969 $567 - $2,729 -
1968 $506 - $2,518 -
1967 $508 - $2,328 -
1966 $462 - $2,173 -
1965 $433 - $2,024 -
1964 $414 - $1,891 -
1963 $421 - $1,723 -
1962 $377 - $1,554 -
1961 $366 - $1,402 -
1960 $347 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

Barbados' GDP per capita is $28,365, ranking 48/197, compared to $48,986 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Barbados ranks 84th at $24,823, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Barbados France
Gross domestic product
$8.02B
2025
$3.37T
2025
GDP rank
157/197
2025
7/197
2025
GDP growth
2.7%
2024-2025
0.84%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$28,365
2025
$48,986
2025
GDP per capita rank
48/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,823
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
84/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$7.55B
2025
$3.9T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
94.2%
2025
116%
2025
Government debt per person
$26,731
2025
$56,819
2025
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2025
8/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$19,127
2026
$35,062
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.78B
2020
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,388,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
51
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2016
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.5%
2016
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27%
2025
57.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.85%
2024-2025
0.94%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2%
2020
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.03%
2024
7.7%
2025
Population
282789
68871753

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Barbados
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Barbados France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 27% 94.2% 57.5% 116%
2024 28.1% 98.9% 57.3% 113.2%
2023 26.5% 104.1% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 26.9% 104% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 27.1% 108.6% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 30.6% 129.6% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 22.2% 101.6% 55.3% 98.2%
2018 25% 107.2% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 28% 134.6% 57.7% 98.8%
2016 28.6% 127.1% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 29.2% 122.5% 57.6% 97%
2014 27.4% 115.1% 58.4% 96.2%
2013 29.1% 111.7% 58.6% 94.6%
2012 28.9% 103.5% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 26.5% 94.4% 57% 88.7%
2010 28% 90.3% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 27.8% 83.5% 58% 84.1%
2008 27.1% 69.8% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 26.1% 64.9% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 25% 64.1% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 26.4% 62.7% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 26.2% 61% 54% 66.9%
2003 27.7% 61.8% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 29.1% 62% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 20.7% 59% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 19.7% 53.6% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 18.5% 47% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 17.8% 47.2% 54% 62.1%
1997 19.6% 52% 55.6% 62%
1996 19.1% 52.3% 56% 60.6%
1995 17.3% 52% 56% 57.8%
1994 15.9% 51.4% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 - - 56.5% 48.2%
1992 - - 54% 41.7%
1991 - - 52.7% 37.8%
1990 - - 51.6% 36.8%
1989 - - 48.9% 34%
1988 - - 50.1% 33.3%
1987 - - 50.7% 33.4%
1986 - - 51.3% 31.1%
1985 - - 51.9% 30.6%
1984 - - 51.2% 29%
1983 - - 50.2% 26.6%
1982 - - 49.9% 25.3%
1981 - - 48.5% 22%
1980 - - 46% 20.7%
1979 - - 44.9% 21.1%
1978 - - 44.7% 21.2%
1977 - - 21.4% 15%
1976 - - 21.7% 15.1%
1975 - - 22% 16.1%
1974 - - 19.9% 15.4%
1973 - - 19.7% 15.8%
1972 - - 19.8% 17.7%
1971 - - 20% 20.1%
1970 - - 20.5% 21%
1969 - - 21.5% 14.4%
1968 - - 22.7% 15.8%
1967 - - 21.4% 16.1%
1966 - - 21.4% 15.3%
1965 - - 21.1% 17.6%
1964 - - 21% 19.6%
1963 - - 22.6% 22.2%
1962 - - 21.7% 23.6%
1961 - - 21.9% 26.3%
1960 - - 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government spending was $2.16B, accounting for 27% of its GDP, while France spent $1.93T, or 57.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 94.2% in Barbados and 116% in France, ranking 28/185 and 13/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Barbados

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Barbados France
2025 -0.31% -5.11%
2024 -0.84% -5.79%
2023 -1.57% -5.44%
2022 -1.74% -4.74%
2021 -3.88% -6.58%
2020 -4.19% -8.93%
2019 2.86% -2.39%
2018 -0.32% -2.32%
2017 -3.64% -3.36%
2016 -4.55% -3.76%
2015 -7.58% -3.89%
2014 -6.2% -4.57%
2013 -8.46% -4.94%
2012 -6.69% -5.17%
2011 -3.47% -5.3%
2010 -7.1% -7.16%
2009 -6.19% -7.38%
2008 -3.94% -3.5%
2007 -4.08% -2.99%
2006 -3.13% -2.66%
2005 -2.78% -3.5%
2004 -2.73% -3.55%
2003 -2.86% -4.09%
2002 -4.96% -3.18%
2001 3.83% -1.42%
2000 4.68% -1.32%
1999 5.06% -1.55%
1998 5.63% -2.39%
1997 5.15% -3.71%
1996 3.5% -3.89%
1995 5.79% -5.11%
1994 6.28% -5.46%
1993 - -6.4%
1992 - -4.64%
1991 - -2.89%
1990 - -2.45%
1989 - -1.9%
1988 - -2.7%
1987 - -2.13%
1986 - -3.3%
1985 - -3.08%
1984 - -2.8%
1983 - -2.58%
1982 - -2.91%
1981 - -2.39%
1980 - -0.27%
1979 - -0.36%
1978 - -1.73%
1977 - 0.9%
1976 - 1.01%
1975 - -0.28%
1974 - 3.05%
1973 - 1.97%
1972 - 1.94%
1971 - -0.13%
1970 - 0.02%
1969 - -0.49%
1968 - -2.54%
1967 - -0.8%
1966 - -0.57%
1965 - -0.07%
1964 - -0.25%
1963 - -2.24%
1962 - -1.53%
1961 - -1.36%
1960 - -1.95%
1959 - 0.56%
1958 - 0.08%
1957 - -1.99%
1956 - -2.62%
1955 - -1.04%
1954 - -0.78%
1953 - -4.79%
1952 - -6.82%
1951 - -4.42%
1950 - -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

In 2025, Barbados' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8M, equivalent to 0.31% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $172B, or 5.11% of GDP.

Over the past 32 years, Barbados recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Barbados posted an annual deficit equal to 1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.22% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Barbados

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Barbados France
2025 0.85% 0.94%
2024 1.45% 2%
2023 3.19% 4.88%
2022 - 5.22%
2021 - 1.64%
2020 - 0.48%
2019 1.68% 1.11%
2018 3.11% 1.85%
2017 4.66% 1.03%
2016 1.28% 0.18%
2015 -1.11% 0.04%
2014 1.77% 0.51%
2013 1.81% 0.86%
2012 4.53% 1.95%
2011 9.43% 2.11%
2010 5.82% 1.53%
2009 3.64% 0.09%
2008 8.11% 2.81%
2007 4.03% 1.49%
2006 7.31% 1.68%
2005 6.08% 1.75%
2004 1.39% 2.14%
2003 1.62% 2.1%
2002 0.13% 1.92%
2001 2.58% 1.63%
2000 2.44% 1.68%
1999 1.56% 0.54%
1998 -1.27% 0.65%
1997 7.71% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Barbados has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.22%, compared with 1.59% in France. In 2025, inflation was 0.85% in Barbados and 0.94% in France.

Top exports between countries

Barbados
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.9M
Machinery & equipment $1.13M
Chemicals & pharma $268K
Raw materials & minerals $136K
Wood & paper products $101K
Miscellaneous $40K
Textiles & consumer goods $40K
Precious metals & jewellery $16K
Animal & marine products $11K
Metals $2K
France
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.7M
Machinery & equipment $3.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.2M
Animal & marine products $1.04M
Chemicals & pharma $821K
Raw materials & minerals $643K
Metals $567K
Wood & paper products $405K
Raw agricultural goods $335K
Precious metals & jewellery $49K

Balance of trade

Barbados France
Current account balance
-$296M
2017
-$9.24B
2025
Current account balance ranking
96/190
2017
173/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.07%
2017
-0.27%
2025
Goods imports
$1.53B
2017
$770B
2025
Goods exports
$705M
2017
$704B
2025
Service imports
$687M
2017
$370B
2025
Service exports
$1.52B
2017
$429B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
33.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.5%
2026
33.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Barbados France
Economic freedom 70.4 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 34/197 72/197
Property rights 76.4 91.2
Government integrity 71.3 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 87.3 84.7
Tax burden 83.2 54.6
Government spending 74.5 0.9
Fiscal health 76.5 34.8
Business freedom 72.3 78.4
Labor freedom 54.3 59.1
Monetary freedom 80.8 73.2
Trade freedom 48.2 79.4
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Barbados
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Barbados France
2026 70.4 64.6
2025 68.9 64.4
2024 66.8 62.5
2023 69.8 63.6
2022 71.3 65.9
2021 65 65.7
2020 61.4 66
2019 64.7 63.8
2018 57 63.9
2017 54.5 63.3
2016 68.3 62.3
2015 67.9 62.5
2014 68.3 63.5
2013 69.3 64.1
2012 69 63.2
2011 68.5 64.6
2010 68.3 64.2
2009 71.5 63.3
2008 71.3 64.7
2007 70 62.1
2006 71.9 61.1
2005 70.1 60.5
2004 69.4 60.9
2003 71.3 59.2
2002 73.6 58
2001 71.5 58
2000 69.5 57.4
1999 66.7 59.1
1998 67.9 58.9
1997 64.5 59.1
1996 62.3 63.7
1995 - 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Barbados is 70.4, ranking 34/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Barbados France
Services, % of GDP
75.8%
2024
70.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
16.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.55%
2024
1.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$7.65B
2025
$3.34T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$24,840
2025
$65,110
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.65B
2024
$428B
2025
Total reserves ranking
131/177
2024
12/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$208M
2017
$7.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$303M
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2016
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.