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Economy of Austria vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $3.37T for France, ranking 29/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $3.9T (116% of GDP) in France.

Austria vs France GDP by year

Austria
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria France
2025 $579,470,021,095 $3,366,315,927,447
2024 $534,790,720,467 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $516,670,509,629 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $473,221,298,968 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $480,466,363,177 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $434,397,601,558 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $442,983,642,372 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $452,582,294,973 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $414,926,138,133 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $393,687,359,770 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $379,546,097,301 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $438,556,021,078 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $426,580,502,769 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $406,750,487,604 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $428,954,737,064 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $389,827,789,218 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $399,290,118,782 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $429,234,399,096 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $386,760,177,589 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $333,905,979,332 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $313,952,317,331 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $299,210,411,455 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $260,779,834,340 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $212,837,224,023 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $196,477,206,829 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $196,181,599,831 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $216,421,809,126 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $217,068,085,816 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $211,724,812,267 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $235,952,581,232 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $240,094,169,510 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $202,738,023,130 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $189,634,029,339 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $194,314,032,056 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $173,113,449,617 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $165,811,372,383 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $132,584,448,258 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $132,817,124,707 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $123,682,091,859 $926,320,855,615
1986 $98,648,254,169 $764,946,585,851
1985 $69,114,996,010 $547,220,981,165
1984 $67,719,055,773 $525,033,325,828
1983 $71,838,528,420 $553,356,312,936
1982 $70,996,111,963 $578,152,310,610
1981 $70,755,997,062 $609,184,791,792
1980 $81,737,498,405 $694,529,183,483
1979 $73,647,694,287 $608,218,624,730
1978 $61,809,208,756 $501,724,418,605
1977 $51,343,861,460 $406,401,711,688
1976 $42,791,707,448 $368,363,152,144
1975 $39,902,300,703 $357,324,307,786
1974 $35,051,468,640 $282,739,225,314
1973 $29,399,860,145 $261,970,536,240
1972 $21,973,207,929 $201,738,881,664
1971 $17,788,536,733 $164,694,210,962
1970 $15,312,791,744 $147,312,861,698
1969 $13,647,475,854 $140,660,914,841
1968 $12,499,863,917 $128,710,572,572
1967 $11,634,569,522 $118,088,635,381
1966 $10,939,526,219 $109,306,730,313
1965 $10,041,659,445 $100,927,668,584
1964 $9,213,648,656 $93,424,179,943
1963 $8,414,050,621 $84,227,606,650
1962 $7,793,042,529 $75,196,980,365
1961 $7,346,566,038 $67,158,050,215
1960 $6,624,086,313 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs France by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $48,986 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $17,401 - $17,547 -
1988 $17,510 - $17,550 -
1987 $16,329 - $16,176 -
1986 $13,032 - $13,430 -
1985 $9,136 - $9,657 -
1984 $8,956 - $9,312 -
1983 $9,500 - $9,862 -
1982 $9,373 - $10,360 -
1981 $9,348 - $10,956 -
1980 $10,827 - $12,565 -
1979 $9,755 - $11,063 -
1978 $8,173 - $9,167 -
1977 $6,784 - $7,459 -
1976 $5,656 - $6,792 -
1975 $5,265 - $6,617 -
1974 $4,613 - $5,261 -
1973 $3,875 - $4,907 -
1972 $2,913 - $3,809 -
1971 $2,372 - $3,137 -
1970 $2,051 - $2,833 -
1969 $1,834 - $2,729 -
1968 $1,686 - $2,518 -
1967 $1,577 - $2,328 -
1966 $1,494 - $2,173 -
1965 $1,381 - $2,024 -
1964 $1,275 - $1,891 -
1963 $1,173 - $1,723 -
1962 $1,093 - $1,554 -
1961 $1,037 - $1,402 -
1960 $940 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $48,986 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Austria France
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$3.37T
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
7/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
0.84%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$48,986
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$3.9T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
116%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$56,819
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
8/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$35,062
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,388,000
2026
Number of billionaires
9
2026
51
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
57.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
0.94%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
7.7%
2025
Population
9201502
68871753

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 57.5% 116%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 57.3% 113.2%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 53% 78.1% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 56% 82.4% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 49.1% 71% 55.3% 98.2%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 57.7% 98.8%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 57.6% 97%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 58.4% 96.2%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 58.6% 94.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 57% 88.7%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 58% 84.1%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 54% 66.9%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 54% 62.1%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 55.6% 62%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 56% 60.6%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 56% 57.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 54.3% 61% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 54% 41.7%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 48.9% 34%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 54.3% 52% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 52.6% 46% 51.2% 29%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 52% 39.7% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 48.5% 22%
1980 50% 35.6% 46% 20.7%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 21.4% 15%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 22% 16.1%
1974 42% 16.8% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 40% 17.4% 20% 20.1%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 20.5% 21%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 21.5% 14.4%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 22.7% 15.8%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 21.4% 16.1%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 21.4% 15.3%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 21.1% 17.6%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 21% 19.6%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 22.6% 22.2%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 21.7% 23.6%
1961 35.7% 16% 21.9% 26.3%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while France spent $1.93T, or 57.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 116% in France, ranking 42/185 and 13/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria France
2025 -4.52% -5.11%
2024 -4.68% -5.79%
2023 -2.59% -5.44%
2022 -3.41% -4.74%
2021 -5.69% -6.58%
2020 -8.2% -8.93%
2019 0.54% -2.39%
2018 0.2% -2.32%
2017 -0.78% -3.36%
2016 -1.45% -3.76%
2015 -0.48% -3.89%
2014 -1.92% -4.57%
2013 -1.99% -4.94%
2012 -2.18% -5.17%
2011 -2.48% -5.3%
2010 -4.46% -7.16%
2009 -5.38% -7.38%
2008 -1.57% -3.5%
2007 -1.56% -2.99%
2006 -2.61% -2.66%
2005 -2.59% -3.5%
2004 -4.94% -3.55%
2003 -1.84% -4.09%
2002 -1.43% -3.18%
2001 -0.71% -1.42%
2000 -2.07% -1.32%
1999 -2.63% -1.55%
1998 -2.68% -2.39%
1997 -2.38% -3.71%
1996 -4.38% -3.89%
1995 -6.17% -5.11%
1994 -5.04% -5.46%
1993 -4.57% -6.4%
1992 -2.15% -4.64%
1991 -2.96% -2.89%
1990 -2.58% -2.45%
1989 -3.07% -1.9%
1988 -3.43% -2.7%
1987 -4.33% -2.13%
1986 -3.84% -3.3%
1985 -2.71% -3.08%
1984 -2.67% -2.8%
1983 -4.22% -2.58%
1982 -3.29% -2.91%
1981 -1.79% -2.39%
1980 -1.62% -0.27%
1979 -2.3% -0.36%
1978 -2.67% -1.73%
1977 -2.11% 0.9%
1976 -3.61% 1.01%
1975 -2.41% -0.28%
1974 1.23% 3.05%
1973 1.24% 1.97%
1972 1.97% 1.94%
1971 1.46% -0.13%
1970 1.16% 0.02%
1969 -0.08% -0.49%
1968 -0.83% -2.54%
1967 -0.56% -0.8%
1966 1.73% -0.57%
1965 1.38% -0.07%
1964 0.48% -0.25%
1963 -0.5% -2.24%
1962 1.12% -1.53%
1961 1.68% -1.36%
1960 -0.49% -1.95%
1959 -2.16% 0.56%
1958 -3.52% 0.08%
1957 -0.7% -1.99%
1956 -0.78% -2.62%
1955 -0.5% -1.04%
1954 -0.35% -0.78%
1953 -0.24% -4.79%
1952 -0.73% -6.82%
1951 -1.57% -4.42%
1950 -7.72% -5.56%
1949 -9.23% -7.31%
1948 -9.3% -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -6.89%
1936 -3.91% -4.76%
1935 -5.46% -4.22%
1934 -5.28% -4.31%
1933 -3.55% -4.96%
1932 -9.16% -1.86%
1931 -11.5% -2.06%
1930 -9.68% -1.65%
1929 -6.83% 1.48%
1928 -7.63% 1.13%
1927 -7.3% -0.04%
1926 -6.18% -0.02%
1925 -4.96% -0.87%
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 -0.69% 0.23%
1911 0.03% 0.31%
1910 -0.42% -0.12%
1909 -5.51% -0.11%
1908 -1.24% -0.15%
1907 -2.73% 0.23%
1906 -0.05% -0.04%
1905 -0.71% 0.18%
1904 -1.12% 0.3%
1903 -0.97% 0.21%
1902 -0.75% -0.37%
1901 -0.56% -0.39%
1900 -0.05% 0.21%
1899 -0.08% 0.21%
1898 -0.17% 0.29%
1897 0.1% 0.01%
1896 0.03% -0.03%
1895 0.36% -0.07%
1894 -1.16% -0.08%
1893 -1.31% -0.3%
1892 -0.86% -0.03%
1891 -4.01% 0.36%
1890 -0.26% 0.31%
1889 -1.61% 0.09%
1888 -0.97% 0.18%
1887 -1.09% -0.07%
1886 -0.43% -0.5%
1885 -0.57% -0.59%
1884 -6.43% -0.35%
1883 -0.69% -0.23%
1882 -1.06% -0.15%
1881 -3.91% 0.64%
1880 -1.4% 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $172B, or 5.11% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.74% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria France
2025 3.53% 0.94%
2024 2.94% 2%
2023 7.81% 4.88%
2022 8.55% 5.22%
2021 2.77% 1.64%
2020 1.38% 0.48%
2019 1.53% 1.11%
2018 2% 1.85%
2017 2.08% 1.03%
2016 0.89% 0.18%
2015 0.9% 0.04%
2014 1.61% 0.51%
2013 2% 0.86%
2012 2.49% 1.95%
2011 3.29% 2.11%
2010 1.81% 1.53%
2009 0.51% 0.09%
2008 3.22% 2.81%
2007 2.17% 1.49%
2006 1.44% 1.68%
2005 2.3% 1.75%
2004 2.06% 2.14%
2003 1.36% 2.1%
2002 1.81% 1.92%
2001 2.65% 1.63%
2000 2.34% 1.68%
1999 0.57% 0.54%
1998 0.92% 0.65%
1997 1.31% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 1.59% in France. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 0.94% in France.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.74B
Chemicals & pharma $1.68B
Metals $1.36B
Transport & tourism services $1.05B
Business & finance services $537M
Textiles & consumer goods $536M
Wood & paper products $508M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $442M
IT & IP services $308M
Raw materials & minerals $183M
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.84B
Chemicals & pharma $1.47B
Business & finance services $790M
Transport & tourism services $651M
Textiles & consumer goods $600M
Metals $526M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $394M
IT & IP services $202M
Raw materials & minerals $198M
Precious metals & jewellery $163M

Balance of trade

Austria France
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$9.24B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
173/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-0.27%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$770B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$704B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$370B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$429B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
33.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
33.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria France
Economic freedom 69.8 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 72/197
Property rights 95.7 91.2
Government integrity 75 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 84.7
Tax burden 45.7 54.6
Government spending 12.8 0.9
Fiscal health 67.1 34.8
Business freedom 78.7 78.4
Labor freedom 81.6 59.1
Monetary freedom 76.4 73.2
Trade freedom 79.4 79.4
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria France
2026 69.8 64.6
2025 69.7 64.4
2024 68.4 62.5
2023 71.1 63.6
2022 73.8 65.9
2021 73.9 65.7
2020 73.3 66
2019 72 63.8
2018 71.8 63.9
2017 72.3 63.3
2016 71.7 62.3
2015 71.2 62.5
2014 72.4 63.5
2013 71.8 64.1
2012 70.3 63.2
2011 71.9 64.6
2010 71.6 64.2
2009 71.2 63.3
2008 71.4 64.7
2007 71.6 62.1
2006 71.1 61.1
2005 68.8 60.5
2004 67.6 60.9
2003 67.6 59.2
2002 67.4 58
2001 68.1 58
2000 68.4 57.4
1999 64 59.1
1998 65.4 58.9
1997 65.2 59.1
1996 68.9 63.7
1995 70 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria France
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
70.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
16.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
1.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$3.34T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$65,110
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$428B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
12/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
$7.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$41.7B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/france | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.