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Economy of France vs Senegal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $32.3B for Senegal, ranking 7/197 and 110/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (116.3% of GDP), compared to $36.7B (111.4% of GDP) in Senegal.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

France
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Senegal
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
France Senegal
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $61,756,878,990 $508,897,750,935 $1,003,692,370 $3,845,391,102
1961 $66,806,595,975 $533,344,343,072 $1,058,975,257 $3,960,500,895
1962 $74,888,595,286 $569,994,161,067 $1,085,475,791 $3,955,105,292
1963 $83,957,182,115 $605,326,016,607 $1,122,139,862 $4,028,847,383
1964 $93,079,224,076 $644,223,451,498 $1,188,930,645 $4,185,324,878
1965 $100,522,559,916 $675,197,188,364 $1,210,058,228 $4,241,081,336
1966 $108,928,356,519 $710,376,197,079 $1,246,908,186 $4,363,087,109
1967 $117,751,396,249 $745,158,757,032 $1,246,480,766 $4,309,866,484
1968 $128,427,504,709 $778,321,728,133 $1,309,384,862 $4,580,990,424
1969 $140,361,802,782 $833,684,910,477 $1,245,234,931 $4,280,745,764
1970 $146,926,998,937 $885,376,114,120 $1,297,407,655 $4,647,265,165
1971 $164,238,872,973 $932,571,962,138 $1,339,549,033 $4,640,738,107
1972 $201,621,751,625 $974,886,243,665 $1,620,857,104 $4,936,966,115
1973 $262,343,828,816 $1,039,326,074,354 $1,863,398,590 $4,661,323,443
1974 $283,102,178,123 $1,088,078,748,925 $2,099,325,229 $4,857,135,178
1975 $356,780,728,163 $1,075,844,942,666 $2,830,388,405 $5,223,152,496
1976 $368,488,292,816 $1,123,030,884,958 $2,869,777,884 $5,689,084,008
1977 $406,736,454,934 $1,163,152,896,909 $2,938,046,463 $5,536,451,272
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,208,457,476,980 $3,280,354,921 $5,317,543,794
1979 $608,218,624,730 $1,253,113,736,481 $4,084,877,823 $5,689,861,493
1980 $694,529,183,483 $1,274,121,102,725 $4,510,108,291 $5,916,759,626
1981 $609,184,791,792 $1,289,261,671,632 $4,095,892,781 $6,223,261,363
1982 $578,152,310,610 $1,320,752,051,529 $4,013,951,443 $6,721,768,519
1983 $553,356,312,936 $1,337,420,703,410 $3,569,356,125 $6,342,159,312
1984 $525,033,325,828 $1,358,946,108,005 $3,485,165,432 $6,591,776,710
1985 $547,220,981,165 $1,380,268,983,034 $3,818,944,918 $6,820,055,505
1986 $764,946,585,851 $1,413,251,000,996 $5,392,093,446 $7,033,317,655
1987 $926,320,855,615 $1,449,327,712,382 $6,487,353,103 $7,473,312,401
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $1,519,101,594,975 $6,418,419,389 $7,412,287,163
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $1,586,020,591,646 $6,366,039,373 $7,706,835,394
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $1,630,899,060,963 $7,390,967,360 $7,649,320,651
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $1,651,067,777,785 $7,255,210,470 $7,852,789,724
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $1,676,098,974,379 $7,769,817,840 $7,956,464,848
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $1,670,081,815,759 $7,367,986,241 $8,064,689,718
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $1,709,890,902,349 $5,034,588,196 $8,060,857,301
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $1,749,300,344,480 $6,326,342,633 $8,501,672,123
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $1,773,739,467,493 $6,559,712,166 $8,673,403,962
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $1,818,562,957,062 $6,041,478,726 $8,937,561,243
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $1,881,350,558,838 $6,505,607,909 $9,464,741,444
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $1,945,303,460,550 $6,592,834,933 $10,059,440,324
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $2,025,858,476,151 $6,013,185,004 $10,450,471,991
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $2,064,338,989,613 $6,507,824,829 $10,900,976,316
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,086,380,974,763 $7,006,402,320 $10,908,464,913
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $2,106,573,536,968 $8,768,721,563 $11,518,679,089
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $2,166,995,343,502 $10,076,816,667 $12,053,525,217
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $2,207,920,477,337 $11,009,033,438 $12,573,060,905
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $2,267,844,862,926 $11,697,918,243 $12,866,110,160
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $2,325,232,266,329 $13,994,218,413 $13,229,850,431
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $2,334,072,135,222 $16,853,989,628 $13,719,774,159
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $2,268,145,064,849 $16,145,867,495 $14,097,356,679
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $2,313,515,332,183 $16,121,315,909 $14,575,382,432
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $2,369,909,039,106 $17,814,283,639 $14,769,831,309
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $2,374,265,767,668 $17,660,870,412 $15,361,066,999
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $2,392,826,743,357 $18,918,667,725 $15,731,635,117
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $2,416,703,156,974 $19,797,253,440 $16,710,783,797
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $2,442,483,452,643 $17,774,766,696 $17,774,766,696
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $2,463,489,569,347 $19,040,312,333 $18,904,543,056
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $2,514,819,204,088 $20,996,562,944 $20,304,894,471
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $2,556,210,832,760 $23,116,701,556 $21,565,674,311
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $2,608,036,638,906 $23,403,995,992 $22,560,634,320
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $2,413,981,867,676 $24,530,513,038 $22,863,414,676
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $2,580,120,255,052 $27,520,784,130 $24,359,596,784
2022 $2,796,302,210,399 $2,646,451,030,890 $27,783,332,223 $25,297,546,479
2023 $3,051,831,611,385 $2,671,234,714,487 $30,696,331,296 $26,374,572,022
2024 $3,162,079,073,496 $2,702,385,011,318 $32,267,254,425 $28,192,309,478

Economic indicators

France Senegal
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$32.3B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
110/197
2024
GDP growth
3.61%
2023-2024
5.12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,150
2024
$1,744
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
160/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$61,322
2024
$5,110
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$36.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116.3%
2025
111.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$52,199
2024
$1,982
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
119/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$33,898
2025
$1,890
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,868,031
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
28.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.3%
2025
29%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
0.8%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
7.39%
2024
5.78%
2024
Population
68701054
19281054

GDP per capita in France vs Senegal

France's GDP per capita is $46,150, ranking 27/197, compared to $1,744 in Senegal, ranking 160/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 29th at $61,322, while Senegal ranks 157th at $5,110.

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Senegal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
France Senegal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,303 - $300 -
1961 $1,395 - $308 -
1962 $1,548 - $307 -
1963 $1,718 - $309 -
1964 $1,884 - $318 -
1965 $2,015 - $314 -
1966 $2,165 - $315 -
1967 $2,321 - $305 -
1968 $2,513 - $311 -
1969 $2,724 - $287.3 -
1970 $2,825 - $290.5 -
1971 $3,128 - $291.1 -
1972 $3,807 - $342 -
1973 $4,914 - $381 -
1974 $5,267 - $417 -
1975 $6,607 - $547 -
1976 $6,795 - $541 -
1977 $7,465 - $540 -
1978 $9,167 - $589 -
1979 $11,063 - $716 -
1980 $12,565 - $772 -
1981 $10,956 - $683 -
1982 $10,360 - $652 -
1983 $9,862 - $564 -
1984 $9,312 - $536 -
1985 $9,657 - $571 -
1986 $13,430 - $784 -
1987 $16,176 - $916 -
1988 $17,550 - $880 -
1989 $17,547 - $849 -
1990 $21,586 $17,472 $957 $1,513
1991 $21,501 $18,178 $913 $1,561
1992 $23,615 $18,790 $951 $1,573
1993 $22,239 $19,071 $878 $1,588
1994 $23,360 $19,874 $584 $1,578
1995 $26,792 $20,688 $715 $1,656
1996 $26,758 $21,261 $723 $1,679
1997 $24,169 $22,185 $651 $1,719
1998 $24,869 $23,261 $685 $1,798
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $678 $1,893
2000 $22,341 $26,002 $603 $1,963
2001 $22,332 $27,350 $637 $2,044
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $669 $2,027
2003 $29,480 $28,028 $818 $2,131
2004 $33,645 $28,925 $918 $2,236
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $980 $2,350
2006 $36,432 $32,430 $1,017 $2,422
2007 $41,486 $34,067 $1,189 $2,499
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $1,399 $2,581
2009 $41,728 $34,667 $1,309 $2,606
2010 $40,695 $35,912 $1,276 $2,663
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $1,375 $2,685
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $1,327 $2,764
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $1,380 $2,769
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $1,399 $2,854
2015 $36,702 $40,916 $1,218 $2,994
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $1,266 $3,101
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $1,357 $3,234
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $1,453 $3,380
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $1,431 $3,648
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $1,461 $3,753
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $1,598 $4,174
2022 $41,083 $56,181 $1,574 $4,530
2023 $44,691 $58,318 $1,698 $4,778
2024 $46,150 $61,322 $1,744 $5,110

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.3% of its GDP, while Senegal's spent $10B, or 29% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116.3% in France and 111.4% in Senegal, ranking 12/185 and 14/185, respectively.

France
Government spending

Government debt
Senegal
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
France Senegal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1990 51.6% 36.8% - -
1991 52.7% 37.8% - -
1992 54% 41.7% - -
1993 56.5% 48.2% - -
1994 55.9% 51.6% 15.9% 77.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 14.4% 65.3%
1996 56% 60.6% 15.4% 0.07%
1997 55.6% 62% 14.1% 67.8%
1998 54% 62.1% 13.5% 18.8%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 14.6% 15%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 14% 57.5%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 15.7% 53.2%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 15.5% 52%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 17.1% 42.9%
2004 54% 66.9% 18.1% 38%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 18.7% 36.1%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 21.3% 17.5%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 22.2% 19%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 20.9% 19.1%
2009 58% 84.1% 21.1% 29.9%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 21.7% 34.6%
2011 57% 88.7% 23.3% 32.9%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 23% 34.5%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 22.1% 36.9%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 23.1% 42.4%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 22.9% 44.5%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 24% 47.5%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 22.5% 61.1%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 22.6% 61.5%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 30.2% 72.1%
2020 61.7% 114.8% 29.4% 81.6%
2021 59.5% 112.7% 31% 89.4%
2022 58.4% 111.3% 32.5% 94.6%
2023 56.9% 109.7% 33.3% 107.4%
2024 57.2% 113.1% 31.1% 113.7%
2025 57.3% 116.3% 29% 111.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$183B, equivalent to -5.79% of GDP. This compares to Senegal's deficit of -$3.79B, or -11.7% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Senegal ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to -4.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.43% of GDP for Senegal.

Deficit/surplus
France

Senegal
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Senegal
1880 0.65% -
1881 0.64% -
1882 -0.15% -
1883 -0.23% -
1884 -0.35% -
1885 -0.59% -
1886 -0.5% -
1887 -0.07% -
1888 0.18% -
1889 0.09% -
1890 0.31% -
1891 0.36% -
1892 -0.03% -
1893 -0.3% -
1894 -0.08% -
1895 -0.07% -
1896 -0.03% -
1897 0.01% -
1898 0.29% -
1899 0.21% -
1900 0.21% -
1901 -0.39% -
1902 -0.37% -
1903 0.21% -
1904 0.3% -
1905 0.18% -
1906 -0.04% -
1907 0.23% -
1908 -0.15% -
1909 -0.11% -
1910 -0.12% -
1911 0.31% -
1912 0.23% -
1913 0.05% -
1914 0.05% -
1915 0.05% -
1916 0.05% -
1917 0.05% -
1918 0.05% -
1919 -2.65% -
1920 6.6% -
1921 4.63% -
1922 2.42% -
1923 1.85% -
1924 2.11% -
1925 -0.87% -
1926 -0.02% -
1927 -0.04% -
1928 1.13% -
1929 1.48% -
1930 -1.65% -
1931 -2.06% -
1932 -1.86% -
1933 -4.96% -
1934 -4.31% -
1935 -4.22% -
1936 -4.76% -
1937 -6.89% -
1938 -6.89% -
1939 -6.89% -
1940 -6.89% -
1941 -6.89% -
1942 -6.89% -
1943 -6.89% -
1944 -6.89% -
1945 -6.89% -
1946 -8.1% -
1947 -7.6% -
1948 -9.11% -
1949 -7.31% -
1950 -5.56% -
1951 -4.42% -
1952 -6.82% -
1953 -4.79% -
1954 -0.78% -
1955 -1.04% -
1956 -2.62% -
1957 -1.99% -
1958 0.08% -
1959 0.56% -
1960 -1.95% -
1961 -1.36% -
1962 -1.53% -
1963 -2.24% -
1964 -0.25% -
1965 -0.07% -
1966 -0.57% -
1967 -0.8% -
1968 -2.54% -
1969 -0.49% -
1970 0.02% -
1971 -0.13% -
1972 1.94% -
1973 1.97% -
1974 3.05% -
1975 -0.28% -
1976 1.01% -
1977 0.9% -
1978 -1.73% -
1979 -0.36% -
1980 -0.27% -
1981 -2.39% -
1982 -2.91% -
1983 -2.58% -
1984 -2.8% -
1985 -3.08% -
1986 -3.3% -
1987 -2.13% -
1988 -2.7% -
1989 -1.9% -
1990 -2.45% -
1991 -2.89% -
1992 -4.64% -
1993 -6.4% -
1994 -5.46% 5.9%
1995 -5.11% 2.41%
1996 -3.89% 0.92%
1997 -3.71% 0.98%
1998 -2.39% 0.93%
1999 -1.55% -0.62%
2000 -1.32% 0.78%
2001 -1.42% -1.44%
2002 -3.18% 0.19%
2003 -4.09% -0.52%
2004 -3.55% 0.18%
2005 -3.5% -0.26%
2006 -2.66% -3.67%
2007 -2.99% -2.8%
2008 -3.5% -3.53%
2009 -7.38% -3.66%
2010 -7.16% -3.94%
2011 -5.3% -4.92%
2012 -5.17% -4.18%
2013 -4.94% -4.34%
2014 -4.57% -3.9%
2015 -3.89% -3.66%
2016 -3.76% -3.27%
2017 -3.36% -2.97%
2018 -2.32% -3.66%
2019 -2.39% -9.88%
2020 -8.93% -9.28%
2021 -6.58% -11.5%
2022 -4.74% -12.6%
2023 -5.45% -12.3%
2024 -5.79% -11.7%
2025 -5.46% -7.25%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.62%, compared with 2.04% in Senegal. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 0.8% in Senegal.

Inflation
France

Senegal
Year Inflation
France Senegal France Senegal
1996 1.98% 2.75%
1997 1.2% 1.75%
1998 0.65% 1.16%
1999 0.54% 0.83%
2000 1.68% 0.73%
2001 1.63% 2.97%
2002 1.92% 2.34%
2003 2.1% -0.05%
2004 2.14% 0.51%
2005 1.75% 1.71%
2006 1.68% 2.11%
2007 1.49% 5.85%
2008 2.81% 7.35%
2009 0.09% -2.25%
2010 1.53% 1.23%
2011 2.11% 3.4%
2012 1.95% 1.42%
2013 0.86% 0.71%
2014 0.51% -1.09%
2015 0.04% 0.14%
2016 0.18% 0.84%
2017 1.03% 1.32%
2018 1.85% 0.46%
2019 1.11% 1.76%
2020 0.48% 2.54%
2021 1.64% 2.18%
2022 5.22% 9.7%
2023 4.88% 5.94%
2024 2% 0.8%

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $374M
Chemicals & pharma $218M
Raw materials & minerals $189M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $125M
Raw agricultural goods $108M
Textiles & consumer goods $55.9M
Metals $54.5M
Animal & marine products $53M
Wood & paper products $15M
Miscellaneous $13.3M
Senegal
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $25.9M
Machinery & equipment $18.3M
Raw agricultural goods $14M
Raw materials & minerals $6.78M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.14M
Chemicals & pharma $4.93M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.84M
Precious metals & jewellery $890K
Wood & paper products $653K
Metals $542K

Balance of trade

France Senegal
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$6.07B
2023
Current account balance ranking
39/189
2024
172/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-19.8%
2023
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$10.8B
2023
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$5.52B
2023
Service imports
$341B
2024
$4.08B
2023
Service exports
$403B
2024
$1.48B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34%
2024
43.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.2%
2024
28.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Senegal
Economic freedom 64.4 56.4
Economic freedom ranking 69/197 119/197
Property rights 92.9 57.2
Government integrity 74.3 45.2
Judicial effectiveness 84.2 50.3
Tax burden 54.3 69.4
Government spending 0 79.7
Fiscal health 30 30.5
Business freedom 81.9 54.3
Labor freedom 60.2 54.3
Monetary freedom 70.3 68.8
Trade freedom 79.6 67.2
Investment freedom 75 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.4, ranking 69/197, compared to 56.4 for Senegal, ranking 119/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

France
Senegal
Year Economic freedom index
France Senegal
1995 64.4 -
1996 63.7 58.2
1997 59.1 58.1
1998 58.9 59.7
1999 59.1 60.6
2000 57.4 58.9
2001 58 58.7
2002 58 58.6
2003 59.2 58.1
2004 60.9 58.9
2005 60.5 57.9
2006 61.1 56.2
2007 62.1 58.1
2008 64.7 58.3
2009 63.3 56.3
2010 64.2 54.6
2011 64.6 55.7
2012 63.2 55.4
2013 64.1 55.5
2014 63.5 55.4
2015 62.5 57.8
2016 62.3 58.1
2017 63.3 55.9
2018 63.9 55.7
2019 63.8 56.3
2020 66 58
2021 65.7 58
2022 65.9 60
2023 63.6 57.7
2024 62.5 55.4
2025 64.4 56.4

More economic indicators

France Senegal
Services, % of GDP
70.4%
2024
49.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
25.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.43%
2024
15.5%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$31B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$62,620
2024
$4,960
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$4.72B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$2.02B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$48.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
9.05%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2024
32.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs France vs Senegal
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.