The latest officially reported population of France was 68,720,337 in 2025 vs 5,610,870 people in Norway in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current France's population is 68,871,753 people compared to 5,660,666 in Norway.
Population statistics:
- France's population is 12.2 times bigger than Norway's.
- France is ranked the 23rd most populous country in the world, while Norway is the 119th.
- The countries together account for 0.9% of the world: 0.83% for France vs 0.07% for Norway.
- For the last 10 years, France has had an average growth rate of +0.32% per year vs +0.81% in Norway.
- Since 2006, the population of France has increased from 63.6M people to 68.9M (8.25% growth), while Norway has grown from 4.66M to 5.66M (21.5% growth).
France vs Norway: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
France
|
Norway
|
|
| 2100 | 70,675,442 | 5,426,970 |
| 2099 | 70,692,029 | 5,439,664 |
| 2098 | 70,701,942 | 5,451,717 |
| 2097 | 70,707,028 | 5,463,190 |
| 2096 | 70,713,643 | 5,474,994 |
| 2095 | 70,707,277 | 5,487,368 |
| 2094 | 70,691,394 | 5,499,514 |
| 2093 | 70,665,663 | 5,512,056 |
| 2092 | 70,643,058 | 5,524,021 |
| 2091 | 70,615,655 | 5,535,989 |
| 2090 | 70,582,877 | 5,548,825 |
| 2089 | 70,549,228 | 5,561,462 |
| 2088 | 70,510,136 | 5,574,757 |
| 2087 | 70,470,494 | 5,588,831 |
| 2086 | 70,427,922 | 5,602,569 |
| 2085 | 70,390,427 | 5,616,010 |
| 2084 | 70,348,036 | 5,629,675 |
| 2083 | 70,296,271 | 5,642,568 |
| 2082 | 70,255,426 | 5,654,975 |
| 2081 | 70,210,373 | 5,666,885 |
| 2080 | 70,169,003 | 5,678,624 |
| 2079 | 70,127,568 | 5,689,711 |
| 2078 | 70,087,269 | 5,700,349 |
| 2077 | 70,045,257 | 5,710,483 |
| 2076 | 70,001,871 | 5,720,209 |
| 2075 | 69,959,255 | 5,729,904 |
| 2074 | 69,924,120 | 5,739,940 |
| 2073 | 69,892,712 | 5,749,872 |
| 2072 | 69,866,697 | 5,759,499 |
| 2071 | 69,838,818 | 5,768,298 |
| 2070 | 69,826,471 | 5,777,747 |
| 2069 | 69,816,539 | 5,786,471 |
| 2068 | 69,818,570 | 5,795,734 |
| 2067 | 69,826,386 | 5,805,627 |
| 2066 | 69,835,591 | 5,815,585 |
| 2065 | 69,856,319 | 5,825,356 |
| 2064 | 69,880,666 | 5,835,081 |
| 2063 | 69,910,009 | 5,844,519 |
| 2062 | 69,948,667 | 5,853,646 |
| 2061 | 69,988,307 | 5,861,677 |
| 2060 | 70,030,670 | 5,869,390 |
| 2059 | 70,076,337 | 5,875,920 |
| 2058 | 70,119,195 | 5,881,790 |
| 2057 | 70,164,701 | 5,888,181 |
| 2056 | 70,208,938 | 5,894,125 |
| 2055 | 70,258,544 | 5,899,106 |
| 2054 | 70,298,466 | 5,903,121 |
| 2053 | 70,332,664 | 5,906,126 |
| 2052 | 70,357,980 | 5,907,281 |
| 2051 | 70,383,190 | 5,907,735 |
| 2050 | 70,398,057 | 5,907,355 |
| 2049 | 70,407,335 | 5,905,940 |
| 2048 | 70,406,135 | 5,903,025 |
| 2047 | 70,394,515 | 5,899,964 |
| 2046 | 70,376,409 | 5,896,254 |
| 2045 | 70,345,569 | 5,891,177 |
| 2044 | 70,306,509 | 5,886,031 |
| 2043 | 70,260,348 | 5,880,486 |
| 2042 | 70,199,353 | 5,873,632 |
| 2041 | 70,133,877 | 5,865,604 |
| 2040 | 70,067,958 | 5,857,447 |
| 2039 | 69,998,706 | 5,848,023 |
| 2038 | 69,920,456 | 5,837,628 |
| 2037 | 69,831,930 | 5,826,752 |
| 2036 | 69,743,406 | 5,815,042 |
| 2035 | 69,651,629 | 5,802,966 |
| 2034 | 69,558,099 | 5,790,086 |
| 2033 | 69,468,319 | 5,776,187 |
| 2032 | 69,377,856 | 5,761,261 |
| 2031 | 69,288,525 | 5,745,071 |
| 2030 | 69,197,981 | 5,728,104 |
| 2029 | 69,104,114 | 5,710,229 |
| 2028 | 69,012,886 | 5,691,155 |
| 2027 | 68,917,613 | 5,670,783 |
| 2026 | 68,823,318 | 5,649,981 |
| 2025 | 68,720,337 | 5,610,870 |
| 2024 | 68,551,653 | 5,572,279 |
| 2023 | 68,372,286 | 5,519,601 |
| 2022 | 68,184,457 | 5,457,127 |
| 2021 | 67,842,811 | 5,408,320 |
| 2020 | 67,601,110 | 5,379,475 |
| 2019 | 67,382,061 | 5,347,896 |
| 2018 | 67,158,348 | 5,311,916 |
| 2017 | 66,918,020 | 5,276,968 |
| 2016 | 66,724,104 | 5,234,519 |
| 2015 | 66,548,272 | 5,188,607 |
| 2014 | 66,312,067 | 5,137,232 |
| 2013 | 65,997,932 | 5,079,623 |
| 2012 | 65,657,659 | 5,018,573 |
| 2011 | 65,340,830 | 4,953,088 |
| 2010 | 65,026,211 | 4,889,252 |
| 2009 | 64,706,436 | 4,828,726 |
| 2008 | 64,375,116 | 4,768,212 |
| 2007 | 64,016,890 | 4,709,153 |
| 2006 | 63,622,342 | 4,660,677 |
| 2005 | 63,180,854 | 4,623,291 |
| 2004 | 62,707,588 | 4,591,910 |
| 2003 | 62,249,855 | 4,564,855 |
| 2002 | 61,812,142 | 4,538,159 |
| 2001 | 61,364,377 | 4,513,751 |
| 2000 | 60,918,661 | 4,490,967 |
| 1999 | 60,501,986 | 4,461,913 |
| 1998 | 60,190,684 | 4,431,464 |
| 1997 | 59,968,066 | 4,405,157 |
| 1996 | 59,754,504 | 4,381,336 |
| 1995 | 59,541,294 | 4,359,184 |
| 1994 | 59,324,863 | 4,336,613 |
| 1993 | 59,103,094 | 4,311,991 |
| 1992 | 58,846,584 | 4,286,401 |
| 1991 | 58,554,242 | 4,261,732 |
| 1990 | 58,261,012 | 4,241,473 |
| 1989 | 57,943,062 | 4,226,901 |
| 1988 | 57,598,186 | 4,209,488 |
| 1987 | 57,266,167 | 4,186,905 |
| 1986 | 56,956,002 | 4,167,354 |
| 1985 | 56,665,619 | 4,152,516 |
| 1984 | 56,383,085 | 4,140,099 |
| 1983 | 56,108,330 | 4,128,432 |
| 1982 | 55,806,789 | 4,114,787 |
| 1981 | 55,603,353 | 4,099,702 |
| 1980 | 55,274,184 | 4,085,620 |
| 1979 | 54,979,851 | 4,072,517 |
| 1978 | 54,734,030 | 4,058,671 |
| 1977 | 54,486,467 | 4,043,205 |
| 1976 | 54,232,383 | 4,026,152 |
| 1975 | 54,002,853 | 4,007,313 |
| 1974 | 53,746,571 | 3,985,258 |
| 1973 | 53,392,161 | 3,960,612 |
| 1972 | 52,962,356 | 3,933,004 |
| 1971 | 52,499,553 | 3,903,039 |
| 1970 | 52,007,169 | 3,875,763 |
| 1969 | 51,536,014 | 3,847,707 |
| 1968 | 51,112,980 | 3,816,486 |
| 1967 | 50,722,791 | 3,784,539 |
| 1966 | 50,311,637 | 3,753,012 |
| 1965 | 49,877,725 | 3,723,168 |
| 1964 | 49,401,492 | 3,694,339 |
| 1963 | 48,877,567 | 3,666,537 |
| 1962 | 48,389,516 | 3,638,918 |
| 1961 | 47,905,982 | 3,609,800 |
| 1960 | 47,412,964 | 3,581,239 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/norway | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of France increased by 3,101,762 people (a 4.88% growth), while Norway gained 573,842 people (a 12.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, France gained 2,147,649 people (a 3.22% growth), while Norway's population increased by 426,147 people (a 8.14% growth).
France was ranked 20th most populous country in 2006 and is 23rd in 2026. Norway was ranked 116th in 2006 and ranked 119th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) France's population will grow by 2.22% to 70,398,057 people with a rank change from 23rd to 30th. The population of Norway will increase by 4.36% to 5,907,355 people and rank change from 119th to 121st.
France is projected to reach its peak in 2096 at 70.7M people compared to the peak of 5.91M people in 2051 for Norway.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
France
|
Norway
|
|
| 2100 | -0.02% | -0.23% |
| 2099 | -0.01% | -0.22% |
| 2098 | -0.007% | -0.21% |
| 2097 | -0.009% | -0.22% |
| 2096 | 0.009% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | 0.02% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.04% | -0.23% |
| 2093 | 0.03% | -0.22% |
| 2092 | 0.04% | -0.22% |
| 2091 | 0.05% | -0.23% |
| 2090 | 0.05% | -0.23% |
| 2089 | 0.06% | -0.24% |
| 2088 | 0.06% | -0.25% |
| 2087 | 0.06% | -0.25% |
| 2086 | 0.05% | -0.24% |
| 2085 | 0.06% | -0.24% |
| 2084 | 0.07% | -0.23% |
| 2083 | 0.06% | -0.22% |
| 2082 | 0.06% | -0.21% |
| 2081 | 0.06% | -0.21% |
| 2080 | 0.06% | -0.19% |
| 2079 | 0.06% | -0.19% |
| 2078 | 0.06% | -0.18% |
| 2077 | 0.06% | -0.17% |
| 2076 | 0.06% | -0.17% |
| 2075 | 0.05% | -0.17% |
| 2074 | 0.04% | -0.17% |
| 2073 | 0.04% | -0.17% |
| 2072 | 0.04% | -0.15% |
| 2071 | 0.02% | -0.16% |
| 2070 | 0.01% | -0.15% |
| 2069 | -0.003% | -0.16% |
| 2068 | -0.01% | -0.17% |
| 2067 | -0.01% | -0.17% |
| 2066 | -0.03% | -0.17% |
| 2065 | -0.03% | -0.17% |
| 2064 | -0.04% | -0.16% |
| 2063 | -0.06% | -0.16% |
| 2062 | -0.06% | -0.14% |
| 2061 | -0.06% | -0.13% |
| 2060 | -0.07% | -0.11% |
| 2059 | -0.06% | -0.1% |
| 2058 | -0.06% | -0.11% |
| 2057 | -0.06% | -0.1% |
| 2056 | -0.07% | -0.08% |
| 2055 | -0.06% | -0.07% |
| 2054 | -0.05% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | -0.04% | -0.02% |
| 2052 | -0.04% | -0.008% |
| 2051 | -0.02% | 0.006% |
| 2050 | -0.01% | 0.02% |
| 2049 | 0.002% | 0.05% |
| 2048 | 0.02% | 0.05% |
| 2047 | 0.03% | 0.06% |
| 2046 | 0.04% | 0.09% |
| 2045 | 0.06% | 0.09% |
| 2044 | 0.07% | 0.09% |
| 2043 | 0.09% | 0.12% |
| 2042 | 0.09% | 0.14% |
| 2041 | 0.09% | 0.14% |
| 2040 | 0.1% | 0.16% |
| 2039 | 0.11% | 0.18% |
| 2038 | 0.13% | 0.19% |
| 2037 | 0.13% | 0.2% |
| 2036 | 0.13% | 0.21% |
| 2035 | 0.13% | 0.22% |
| 2034 | 0.13% | 0.24% |
| 2033 | 0.13% | 0.26% |
| 2032 | 0.13% | 0.28% |
| 2031 | 0.13% | 0.3% |
| 2030 | 0.14% | 0.31% |
| 2029 | 0.13% | 0.34% |
| 2028 | 0.14% | 0.36% |
| 2027 | 0.14% | 0.37% |
| 2026 | 0.15% | 0.7% |
| 2025 | 0.25% | 0.69% |
| 2024 | 0.26% | 0.95% |
| 2023 | 0.28% | 1.14% |
| 2022 | 0.5% | 0.9% |
| 2021 | 0.36% | 0.54% |
| 2020 | 0.33% | 0.59% |
| 2019 | 0.33% | 0.68% |
| 2018 | 0.36% | 0.66% |
| 2017 | 0.29% | 0.81% |
| 2016 | 0.26% | 0.88% |
| 2015 | 0.36% | 1% |
| 2014 | 0.48% | 1.13% |
| 2013 | 0.52% | 1.22% |
| 2012 | 0.48% | 1.32% |
| 2011 | 0.48% | 1.31% |
| 2010 | 0.49% | 1.25% |
| 2009 | 0.51% | 1.27% |
| 2008 | 0.56% | 1.25% |
| 2007 | 0.62% | 1.04% |
| 2006 | 0.7% | 0.81% |
| 2005 | 0.75% | 0.68% |
| 2004 | 0.74% | 0.59% |
| 2003 | 0.71% | 0.59% |
| 2002 | 0.73% | 0.54% |
| 2001 | 0.73% | 0.51% |
| 2000 | 0.69% | 0.65% |
| 1999 | 0.52% | 0.69% |
| 1998 | 0.37% | 0.6% |
| 1997 | 0.36% | 0.54% |
| 1996 | 0.36% | 0.51% |
| 1995 | 0.36% | 0.52% |
| 1994 | 0.38% | 0.57% |
| 1993 | 0.44% | 0.6% |
| 1992 | 0.5% | 0.58% |
| 1991 | 0.5% | 0.48% |
| 1990 | 0.55% | 0.34% |
| 1989 | 0.6% | 0.41% |
| 1988 | 0.58% | 0.54% |
| 1987 | 0.54% | 0.47% |
| 1986 | 0.51% | 0.36% |
| 1985 | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 1984 | 0.49% | 0.28% |
| 1983 | 0.54% | 0.33% |
| 1982 | 0.37% | 0.37% |
| 1981 | 0.6% | 0.34% |
| 1980 | 0.54% | 0.32% |
| 1979 | 0.45% | 0.34% |
| 1978 | 0.45% | 0.38% |
| 1977 | 0.47% | 0.42% |
| 1976 | 0.43% | 0.47% |
| 1975 | 0.48% | 0.55% |
| 1974 | 0.66% | 0.62% |
| 1973 | 0.81% | 0.7% |
| 1972 | 0.88% | 0.77% |
| 1971 | 0.95% | 0.7% |
| 1970 | 0.91% | 0.73% |
| 1969 | 0.83% | 0.82% |
| 1968 | 0.77% | 0.84% |
| 1967 | 0.82% | 0.84% |
| 1966 | 0.87% | 0.8% |
| 1965 | 0.96% | 0.78% |
| 1964 | 1.07% | 0.76% |
| 1963 | 1.01% | 0.76% |
| 1962 | 1.01% | 0.81% |
| 1961 | 1.04% | 0.8% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/norway | CC BY
In 2025, the population of France grew by 0.25%, while Norway's population grew by 0.69%.
Live population counters
|
France
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
68871753
|
5660666
|
| Population rank | 23/197 | 119/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.83% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
3.12 minutes
|
13.7 minutes
|
| One birth every |
47.4 seconds
|
9.72 minutes
|
| One death every |
48.9 seconds
|
11.9 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +462 | +106 |
| Annual growth/decline | +168,684 | +38,591 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.25% | +0.69% |
| Population growth rate rank | 149/197 | 117/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.75 minutes
|
17.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +91,737 | +29,798 |
| Net migration rank | 18/196 | 29/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 9,186,757 | 1,012,404 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 5/195 | 60/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 13.8% | 18.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 49/195 | 33/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
France
|
Norway
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 91,737 | - | 29,798 |
| 2024 | 20,566 | 90,527 | 10,030 | 44,356 |
| 2023 | 34,186 | 91,862 | 8,280 | 53,806 |
| 2022 | 54,547 | 179,377 | 5,457 | 58,040 |
| 2021 | 74,627 | 131,465 | 14,062 | 19,804 |
| 2020 | 67,602 | 145,593 | 12,372 | 11,277 |
| 2019 | 141,503 | 71,972 | 13,904 | 25,707 |
| 2018 | 147,749 | 132,925 | 14,342 | 18,473 |
| 2017 | 160,604 | 102,984 | 15,831 | 21,657 |
| 2016 | 193,500 | 15,548 | 17,797 | 26,417 |
| 2015 | 206,300 | -345 | 18,160 | 30,242 |
| 2014 | 265,248 | 52,342 | 18,494 | 38,522 |
| 2013 | 244,192 | 116,297 | 17,779 | 40,690 |
| 2012 | 256,065 | 103,287 | 18,066 | 47,883 |
| 2011 | 280,966 | 70,178 | 18,822 | 47,454 |
| 2010 | 286,116 | 52,644 | 20,046 | 42,865 |
| 2009 | 278,238 | 58,032 | 20,280 | 39,316 |
| 2008 | 283,250 | 79,528 | 19,073 | 44,002 |
| 2007 | 288,076 | 91,973 | 16,482 | 40,111 |
| 2006 | 305,387 | 132,512 | 17,244 | 24,054 |
| 2005 | 271,677 | 191,417 | 15,719 | 18,588 |
| 2004 | 282,185 | 200,629 | 15,612 | 13,412 |
| 2003 | 230,325 | 195,616 | 14,151 | 11,389 |
| 2002 | 253,430 | 191,373 | 10,892 | 17,279 |
| 2001 | 263,867 | 179,476 | 13,090 | 7,906 |
| 2000 | 268,042 | 171,637 | 15,269 | 9,805 |
| 1999 | 229,907 | 169,448 | 14,278 | 19,147 |
| 1998 | 222,705 | 20,216 | 14,181 | 13,519 |
| 1997 | 215,885 | -15,255 | 15,418 | 9,744 |
| 1996 | 221,092 | -21,463 | 17,087 | 5,671 |
| 1995 | 220,303 | -17,128 | 14,821 | 6,343 |
| 1994 | 201,704 | -4,232 | 16,045 | 7,580 |
| 1993 | 224,592 | 16,892 | 12,936 | 12,567 |
| 1992 | 229,502 | 61,964 | 15,431 | 10,218 |
| 1991 | 234,216 | 35,201 | 16,194 | 7,949 |
| 1990 | 238,870 | 43,323 | 14,845 | 1,818 |
| 1989 | 243,361 | 82,052 | 13,949 | -1,730 |
| 1988 | 247,672 | 69,935 | 12,207 | 10,380 |
| 1987 | 251,971 | 59,890 | 9,212 | 13,907 |
| 1986 | 250,606 | 51,642 | 8,751 | 7,616 |
| 1985 | 249,328 | 66,149 | 6,644 | 6,725 |
| 1984 | 248,086 | 76,175 | 7,452 | 3,856 |
| 1983 | 235,655 | 88,166 | 7,844 | 4,120 |
| 1982 | 234,389 | 81,084 | 9,875 | 5,749 |
| 1981 | 222,414 | 69,365 | 9,020 | 6,010 |
| 1980 | 210,042 | 54,718 | 9,806 | 3,763 |
| 1979 | 208,923 | 34,295 | 10,181 | 2,839 |
| 1978 | 213,462 | 18,692 | 11,364 | 3,823 |
| 1977 | 217,946 | 44,918 | 11,321 | 4,845 |
| 1976 | 227,776 | 59,515 | 13,286 | 4,779 |
| 1975 | 248,413 | 16,139 | 16,430 | 3,312 |
| 1974 | 268,733 | 26,203 | 20,324 | 4,425 |
| 1973 | 282,979 | 103,910 | 21,387 | 3,414 |
| 1972 | 296,589 | 101,223 | 24,777 | 5,603 |
| 1971 | 309,747 | 144,321 | 26,541 | 3,031 |
| 1970 | 322,444 | 182,941 | 25,968 | -1,034 |
| 1969 | 329,831 | 160,403 | 28,858 | 2,230 |
| 1968 | 337,346 | 113,115 | 29,387 | 1,761 |
| 1967 | 339,843 | 63,018 | 30,276 | 2,460 |
| 1966 | 352,181 | 96,097 | 31,150 | -888 |
| 1965 | 354,132 | 82,879 | 31,275 | -1,525 |
| 1964 | 360,631 | 163,039 | 30,293 | -1,571 |
| 1963 | 361,694 | 190,925 | 26,766 | 1,061 |
| 1962 | 358,082 | 141,634 | 28,020 | 655 |
| 1961 | 354,504 | 128,618 | 29,239 | 1,437 |
| 1960 | 346,115 | 143,032 | 29,366 | -1,427 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/norway | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 53.4% of the population change in France is from natural causes (a gain of 1,101,184 people) and 46.6% is from migration (a gain of 961,908 people). In Norway 29.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 130,235 people) and 70.4% is from migration (a gain of 309,779 people).
As of 2024, 9,186,757 residents or 13.8% of the population were not native-born in France, compared to 1,012,404 people or 18.2% in Norway.
Biggest cities by population
|
France
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Paris | 2.1M |
| Marseille | 886K |
| Lyon | 519K |
| Toulouse | 515K |
| Nice | 358K |
| Nantes | 328K |
| Montpellier | 310K |
| Strasbourg | 294K |
| Bordeaux | 268K |
| Lille | 238K |
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Oslo | 718K |
| Bergen | 291K |
| Trondheim | 199K |
| Stavanger | 152K |
| Baerum | 133K |
| Drammen | 106K |
| Asker | 102K |
| Lillestrom | 96.8K |
| Fredrikstad | 86.2K |
| Sandnes | 85.8K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between France and Norway
|
France
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 83.7 years | 83.8 years |
| Average age | 42.8 years | 41.5 years |
| Median age | 43.2 years | 40.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.5:51.5 | 50.4:49.6 |
| Fertility rate | 1.61 births per woman | 1.45 births per woman |
| Population density | 331 ppl/mi² | 40.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/norway | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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