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Economy of France vs Iran compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $475B for Iran, ranking 7/197 and 34/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $162B (34% of GDP) in Iran.

France vs Iran GDP by year

France
Iran
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Iran
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $475,252,089,215
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $457,510,482,317
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $422,662,261,526
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $407,350,685,583
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $280,934,329,280
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $347,988,400,958
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $411,903,303,606
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $510,239,893,418
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $478,618,064,871
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $409,191,686,497
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $462,284,793,281
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $500,399,839,840
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $644,019,315,004
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $629,082,257,472
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $487,069,570,464
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $414,059,094,949
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $406,070,949,554
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $349,736,591,832
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $265,602,187,404
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $224,970,371,325
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $187,754,571,248
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $151,911,222,119
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $128,626,917,504
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $126,878,750,296
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $109,591,707,802
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $113,848,450,088
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $110,276,913,363
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $113,919,163,421
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $120,403,931,885
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $96,419,225,744
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $71,841,461,173
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $63,743,623,232
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $119,768,691,217
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $131,637,664,958
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $124,813,263,926
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $120,496,362,916
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $123,057,861,334
1987 $926,320,855,615 $134,009,995,923
1986 $764,946,585,851 $209,094,561,833
1985 $547,220,981,165 $180,183,629,600
1984 $525,033,325,828 $162,276,728,620
1983 $553,356,312,936 $156,365,156,618
1982 $578,152,310,610 $125,948,756,439
1981 $609,184,791,792 $100,499,312,750
1980 $694,529,183,483 $94,362,275,580
1979 $608,218,624,730 $90,391,877,326
1978 $501,724,418,605 $77,994,316,621
1977 $406,401,711,688 $80,600,122,702
1976 $368,363,152,144 $68,055,295,081
1975 $357,324,307,786 $51,776,222,350
1974 $282,739,225,314 $46,209,092,072
1973 $261,970,536,240 $27,081,698,250
1972 $201,738,881,664 $17,153,463,263
1971 $164,694,210,962 $13,731,802,833
1970 $147,312,861,698 $10,976,245,154
1969 $140,660,914,841 $9,743,089,607
1968 $128,710,572,572 $8,623,172,960
1967 $118,088,635,381 $7,555,383,690
1966 $109,306,730,313 $6,789,938,672
1965 $100,927,668,584 $6,197,319,929
1964 $93,424,179,943 $5,379,845,648
1963 $84,227,606,650 $4,928,628,018
1962 $75,196,980,365 $4,693,566,416
1961 $67,158,050,215 $4,426,949,095
1960 $61,959,085,885 $4,199,134,390

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Iran by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Iran
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Iran
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $5,190 $19,874
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $5,049 $18,917
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $4,721 $17,546
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $4,605 $15,884
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $3,203 $15,119
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $3,997 $13,928
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $4,783 $15,324
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $6,001 $15,719
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $5,711 $15,195
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $4,953 $14,274
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $5,672 $16,065
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $6,223 $16,215
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $8,114 $17,021
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $8,026 $19,275
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $6,291 $18,628
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $5,416 $17,615
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $5,377 $17,549
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $4,688 $17,384
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $3,619 $15,907
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $3,132 $15,016
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $2,672 $14,425
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $2,209 $13,755
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $1,891 $12,554
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $1,881 $11,533
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $1,650 $11,187
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $1,740 $10,489
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $1,709 $10,285
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $1,790 $10,101
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,915 $9,916
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $1,550 $9,255
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $1,168 $8,951
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $1,038 $8,933
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $1,957 $8,888
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $2,194 $8,580
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $2,138 $7,566
1989 $17,547 - $2,125 -
1988 $17,550 - $2,234 -
1987 $16,176 - $2,513 -
1986 $13,430 - $4,064 -
1985 $9,657 - $3,634 -
1984 $9,312 - $3,395 -
1983 $9,862 - $3,397 -
1982 $10,360 - $2,845 -
1981 $10,956 - $2,393 -
1980 $12,565 - $2,368 -
1979 $11,063 - $2,352 -
1978 $9,167 - $2,101 -
1977 $7,459 - $2,243 -
1976 $6,792 - $1,954 -
1975 $6,617 - $1,532 -
1974 $5,261 - $1,409 -
1973 $4,907 - $851 -
1972 $3,809 - $555 -
1971 $3,137 - $457 -
1970 $2,833 - $377 -
1969 $2,729 - $345 -
1968 $2,518 - $314 -
1967 $2,328 - $283.7 -
1966 $2,173 - $262.9 -
1965 $2,024 - $247.5 -
1964 $1,891 - $221.7 -
1963 $1,723 - $209.6 -
1962 $1,554 - $205.8 -
1961 $1,402 - $200.1 -
1960 $1,307 - $195.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $5,190 in Iran, ranking 119/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Iran ranks 97th at $19,874.

Economic indicators

France Iran
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$475B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
34/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
3.66%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$5,190
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
119/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$19,874
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
97/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$162B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
34%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$1,764
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
122/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$2,964
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$172B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
28.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
14.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
32.5%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
23%
2023
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
7.63%
2024
Population
68788006
93468444

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Iran
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Iran
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 14.2% 34%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 12.8% 29.6%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 12.8% 34.5%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 13.4% 39.9%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 12.1% 47.1%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 13.6% 44.6%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 14.8% 41.6%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 16.4% 43.2%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 16.3% 45.9%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 14.1% 32.1%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 12.3% 10.9%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 11.5% 10.2%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 11.4% 11.7%
2011 57% 88.7% 14.6% 10.6%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 14.1% 12.8%
2009 58% 84.1% 15.7% 11.5%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 16.8% 10.6%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 14.2% 13.5%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 18.7% 15.2%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 17.9% 18.3%
2004 54% 66.9% 15.1% 21.1%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 15.7% 21.9%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 15.6% 23.4%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 13.6% 21%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 13.3% 18.2%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 15.7% 22.2%
1998 54% 62.1% 16.9% 29.6%
1997 55.6% 62% 17.4% 30.9%
1996 56% 60.6% 17.3% 29.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 21% 31.2%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 23% 41.7%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 27.2% 25.6%
1992 54% 41.7% 14.4% 25.2%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 14% 29.3%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 16.4% 37%
1989 48.9% 34% 20% 48.8%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 23.6% 53.2%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 18.6% 48.6%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 19% 47.4%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 21.6% 8.73%
1984 51.2% 29% 23.7% 10%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 27.5% 35.7%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 29.7% 47.7%
1981 48.5% 22% 33.7% 47.6%
1980 46% 20.7% 35.8% 35.5%
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - 9.23%
1976 21.7% 15.1% - 6.92%
1975 22% 16.1% - 8.81%
1974 19.9% 15.4% - 6.68%
1973 19.7% 15.8% - 12.8%
1972 19.8% 17.7% - 12.7%
1971 20% 20.1% - 14.2%
1970 20.5% 21% - 14.1%
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% 23.6% -
1967 21.4% 16.1% 22.3% -
1966 21.4% 15.3% 20.5% -
1965 21.1% 17.6% 16.3% 14.9%
1964 21% 19.6% 15.4% 15.2%
1963 22.6% 22.2% 14.8% 12.4%
1962 21.7% 23.6% 15.6% 13.4%
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Iran spent $67.5B, or 14.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 34% in Iran, ranking 14/185 and 147/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Iran
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Iran
2024 -5.77% -3.83%
2023 -5.44% -2.54%
2022 -4.74% -2.64%
2021 -6.58% -3.01%
2020 -8.93% -4.87%
2019 -2.39% -4.3%
2018 -2.32% -1.59%
2017 -3.36% -1.55%
2016 -3.76% -1.7%
2015 -3.89% -1.3%
2014 -4.57% -0.91%
2013 -4.94% -0.72%
2012 -5.17% -0.5%
2011 -5.3% -0.66%
2010 -7.16% -0.84%
2009 -7.38% -3.3%
2008 -3.5% -4.39%
2007 -2.99% -2.41%
2006 -2.66% -4.91%
2005 -3.5% -2.44%
2004 -3.55% -2.45%
2003 -4.09% -2.76%
2002 -3.18% -2.88%
2001 -1.42% 0.02%
2000 -1.32% 5.42%
1999 -1.55% -0.51%
1998 -2.39% -5.03%
1997 -3.71% -1.81%
1996 -3.89% -0.75%
1995 -5.11% -2.63%
1994 -5.46% -3.36%
1993 -6.4% -5.15%
1992 -4.64% -0.86%
1991 -2.89% -1.64%
1990 -2.45% -1.73%
1989 -1.9% -4.45%
1988 -2.7% -10.3%
1987 -2.13% -6.84%
1986 -3.3% -7.84%
1985 -3.08% -3.74%
1984 -2.8% -4.02%
1983 -2.58% -6.15%
1982 -2.91% -5.55%
1981 -2.39% -10.7%
1980 -0.27% -14.2%
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -4.57%
1967 -0.8% -4%
1966 -0.57% -2.63%
1965 -0.07% -1.23%
1964 -0.25% -0.04%
1963 -2.24% 0.26%
1962 -1.53% -1.39%
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Iran's deficit of $18.2B, or 3.83% of GDP.

Over the past 63 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 57 of those years, while Iran ran a deficit in 49 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.74% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.11% of GDP for Iran.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Iran
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Iran
2024 2% 32.5%
2023 4.88% 44.6%
2022 5.22% 43.5%
2021 1.64% 43.4%
2020 0.48% 30.6%
2019 1.11% 39.9%
2018 1.85% 18%
2017 1.03% 8.04%
2016 0.18% 7.25%
2015 0.04% 12.5%
2014 0.51% 16.6%
2013 0.86% 36.6%
2012 1.95% 27.3%
2011 2.11% 26.3%
2010 1.53% 10.1%
2009 0.09% 13.6%
2008 2.81% 25.4%
2007 1.49% 17.3%
2006 1.68% 10%
2005 1.75% 13.4%
2004 2.14% 14.8%
2003 2.1% 16.5%
2002 1.92% 14.3%
2001 1.63% 11.3%
2000 1.68% 14.5%
1999 0.54% 20.1%
1998 0.65% 17.9%
1997 1.2% 17.3%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 21.6% in Iran. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 32.5% in Iran.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $116M
Machinery & equipment $112M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $23.5M
Raw agricultural goods $12.9M
Raw materials & minerals $5.61M
Animal & marine products $3.69M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.99M
Metals $1.32M
Wood & paper products $459K
Precious metals & jewellery $238K
Iran
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $4.26M
Metals $3.41M
Machinery & equipment $815K
Textiles & consumer goods $388K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $203K
Chemicals & pharma $199K
Precious metals & jewellery $147K
Raw materials & minerals $60K
Wood & paper products $30K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

France Iran
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
$12.5B
2000
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
22/190
2000
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
+11.4%
2000
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$15.2B
2000
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$28.3B
2000
Service imports
$341B
2024
$2.3B
2000
Service exports
$403B
2024
$1.38B
2000
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
28.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
23.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Iran
Economic freedom 64.6 41.8
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 185/197
Property rights 91.2 20.2
Government integrity 73.4 16.2
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 18.7
Tax burden 54.6 81.3
Government spending 0.9 94.7
Fiscal health 34.8 83.3
Business freedom 78.4 37.4
Labor freedom 59.1 41.8
Monetary freedom 73.2 42.2
Trade freedom 79.4 55.8
Investment freedom 75 5
Financial freedom 70 5

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Iran
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Iran
2026 64.6 41.8
2025 64.4 42.5
2024 62.5 41.2
2023 63.6 42.2
2022 65.9 42.4
2021 65.7 47.2
2020 66 49.2
2019 63.8 51.1
2018 63.9 50.9
2017 63.3 50.5
2016 62.3 43.5
2015 62.5 41.8
2014 63.5 40.3
2013 64.1 43.2
2012 63.2 42.3
2011 64.6 42.1
2010 64.2 43.4
2009 63.3 44.6
2008 64.7 45
2007 62.1 45
2006 61.1 45
2005 60.5 50.5
2004 60.9 42.8
2003 59.2 43.2
2002 58 36.4
2001 58 35.9
2000 57.4 36.1
1999 59.1 36.8
1998 58.9 36
1997 59.1 34.5
1996 63.7 36.1
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 41.8 for Iran, ranking 185/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Iran
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
49.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
36.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
10.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$469B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$19,820
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$7.69B
1982
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
85/177
1982
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$39M
2000
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.45B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$89.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.08%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
18.7%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
44.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/iran | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.