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Economy of France vs Georgia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $33.8B for Georgia, ranking 7/197 and 107/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (116.3% of GDP), compared to $12.2B (35.8% of GDP) in Georgia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

France
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Georgia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
France Georgia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $61,756,878,990 $508,897,750,935 - $5,243,159,136
1961 $66,806,595,975 $533,344,343,072 - $5,498,288,150
1962 $74,888,595,286 $569,994,161,067 - $5,779,416,530
1963 $83,957,182,115 $605,326,016,607 - $6,022,260,625
1964 $93,079,224,076 $644,223,451,498 - $6,349,244,544
1965 $100,522,559,916 $675,197,188,364 - $7,019,638,204
1966 $108,928,356,519 $710,376,197,079 - $7,548,614,493
1967 $117,751,396,249 $745,158,757,032 - $8,020,635,559
1968 $128,427,504,709 $778,321,728,133 - $8,378,001,666
1969 $140,361,802,782 $833,684,910,477 - $8,778,177,254
1970 $146,926,998,937 $885,376,114,120 - $9,836,129,833
1971 $164,238,872,973 $932,571,962,138 - $10,079,213,237
1972 $201,621,751,625 $974,886,243,665 - $10,365,106,122
1973 $262,343,828,816 $1,039,326,074,354 - $11,037,028,854
1974 $283,102,178,123 $1,088,078,748,925 - $12,009,362,470
1975 $356,780,728,163 $1,075,844,942,666 - $12,895,704,866
1976 $368,488,292,816 $1,123,030,884,958 - $13,682,282,557
1977 $406,736,454,934 $1,163,152,896,909 - $14,625,580,176
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,208,457,476,980 - $15,712,196,495
1979 $608,218,624,730 $1,253,113,736,481 - $16,870,286,035
1980 $694,529,183,483 $1,274,121,102,725 - $17,642,345,728
1981 $609,184,791,792 $1,289,261,671,632 - $18,571,497,605
1982 $578,152,310,610 $1,320,752,051,529 - $18,943,381,710
1983 $553,356,312,936 $1,337,420,703,410 - $19,758,250,885
1984 $525,033,325,828 $1,358,946,108,005 - $20,830,721,462
1985 $547,220,981,165 $1,380,268,983,034 - $21,860,010,300
1986 $764,946,585,851 $1,413,251,000,996 - $20,072,807,510
1987 $926,320,855,615 $1,449,327,712,382 $7,321,981,334 $20,330,036,656
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $1,519,101,594,975 $8,833,588,173 $21,459,462,456
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $1,586,020,591,646 $8,902,632,715 $19,915,715,326
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $1,630,899,060,963 $7,735,927,264 $16,970,422,996
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $1,651,067,777,785 $6,324,503,311 $13,389,689,057
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $1,676,098,974,379 $3,690,328,964 $7,377,748,823
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $1,670,081,815,759 $2,701,181,331 $5,216,056,134
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $1,709,890,902,349 $2,513,867,645 $4,673,678,615
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $1,749,300,344,480 $2,693,732,612 $4,795,034,189
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $1,773,739,467,493 $3,094,936,177 $5,332,200,118
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $1,818,562,957,062 $3,510,520,231 $5,893,190,455
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $1,881,350,558,838 $3,613,497,317 $6,075,968,328
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $1,945,303,460,550 $2,800,025,883 $6,250,184,305
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $2,025,858,476,151 $3,057,475,335 $6,365,211,521
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $2,064,338,989,613 $3,219,462,262 $6,671,206,250
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,086,380,974,763 $3,395,766,678 $7,036,389,740
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $2,106,573,536,968 $3,991,377,904 $7,814,405,535
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $2,166,995,343,502 $5,125,365,192 $8,267,069,270
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $2,207,920,477,337 $6,410,912,050 $9,059,975,320
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $2,267,844,862,926 $7,745,250,734 $9,913,559,156
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $2,325,232,266,329 $10,172,931,089 $11,160,245,710
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $2,334,072,135,222 $12,795,145,131 $11,430,503,828
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $2,268,145,064,849 $10,766,920,066 $11,013,204,447
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $2,313,515,332,183 $12,426,907,967 $11,701,134,203
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $2,369,909,039,106 $15,475,290,469 $12,629,541,567
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $2,374,265,767,668 $16,894,392,033 $13,460,417,766
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $2,392,826,743,357 $17,517,660,144 $14,151,325,572
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $2,416,703,156,974 $17,966,015,109 $14,730,184,214
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $2,442,483,452,643 $15,223,796,149 $15,223,796,149
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $2,463,489,569,347 $15,444,548,902 $15,749,049,875
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $2,514,819,204,088 $16,473,125,375 $16,561,685,511
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $2,556,210,832,760 $17,902,544,881 $17,565,660,917
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $2,608,036,638,906 $17,638,337,117 $18,510,819,818
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $2,413,981,867,676 $16,010,869,216 $17,346,401,921
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $2,580,120,255,052 $18,853,115,589 $19,192,793,472
2022 $2,796,302,210,399 $2,646,451,030,890 $24,984,568,960 $21,296,041,913
2023 $3,051,831,611,385 $2,671,234,714,487 $30,777,833,601 $22,963,990,777
2024 $3,162,079,073,496 $2,702,385,011,318 $33,776,141,251 $25,129,167,228

Economic indicators

France Georgia
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$33.8B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
107/197
2024
GDP growth
3.61%
2023-2024
9.74%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,150
2024
$9,194
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$61,322
2024
$28,418
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$12.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116.3%
2025
35.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$52,199
2024
$3,318
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
97/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$33,898
2025
$6,750
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,868,031
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
26.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
2.9%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.3%
2025
29.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
1.11%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8%
2024
Unemployment rate
7.39%
2024
11.7%
2020
Population
68701054
3672886

GDP per capita in France vs Georgia

France's GDP per capita is $46,150, ranking 27/197, compared to $9,194 in Georgia, ranking 89/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 29th at $61,322, while Georgia ranks 74th at $28,418.

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Georgia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
France Georgia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,303 - - -
1961 $1,395 - - -
1962 $1,548 - - -
1963 $1,718 - - -
1964 $1,884 - - -
1965 $2,015 - - -
1966 $2,165 - - -
1967 $2,321 - - -
1968 $2,513 - - -
1969 $2,724 - - -
1970 $2,825 - - -
1971 $3,128 - - -
1972 $3,807 - - -
1973 $4,914 - - -
1974 $5,267 - - -
1975 $6,607 - - -
1976 $6,795 - - -
1977 $7,465 - - -
1978 $9,167 - - -
1979 $11,063 - - -
1980 $12,565 - - -
1981 $10,956 - - -
1982 $10,360 - - -
1983 $9,862 - - -
1984 $9,312 - - -
1985 $9,657 - - -
1986 $13,430 - - -
1987 $16,176 - $1,544 -
1988 $17,550 - $1,844 -
1989 $17,547 - $1,853 -
1990 $21,586 $17,472 $1,611 $5,836
1991 $21,501 $18,178 $1,308 $4,727
1992 $23,615 $18,790 $757 $2,643
1993 $22,239 $19,071 $550 $1,898
1994 $23,360 $19,874 $520 $1,764
1995 $26,792 $20,688 $578 $1,919
1996 $26,758 $21,261 $689 $2,253
1997 $24,169 $22,185 $807 $2,616
1998 $24,869 $23,261 $852 $2,795
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $674 $2,977
2000 $22,341 $26,002 $750 $3,161
2001 $22,332 $27,350 $802 $3,441
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $854 $3,719
2003 $29,480 $28,028 $1,010 $4,240
2004 $33,645 $28,925 $1,305 $4,635
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $1,643 $5,272
2006 $36,432 $32,430 $1,996 $5,980
2007 $41,486 $34,067 $2,635 $6,951
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $3,325 $7,279
2009 $41,728 $34,667 $2,823 $7,119
2010 $40,695 $35,912 $3,282 $7,712
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $4,120 $8,564
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $4,531 $10,060
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $4,712 $10,797
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $4,830 $11,771
2015 $36,702 $40,916 $4,087 $12,270
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $4,143 $13,065
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $4,419 $13,719
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $4,804 $15,022
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $4,741 $16,770
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $4,301 $16,791
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $5,084 $18,916
2022 $41,083 $56,181 $6,730 $22,461
2023 $44,691 $58,318 $8,284 $25,072
2024 $46,150 $61,322 $9,194 $28,418

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.3% of its GDP, while Georgia's spent $10.2B, or 29.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116.3% in France and 35.8% in Georgia, ranking 12/185 and 145/185, respectively.

France
Government spending

Government debt
Georgia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
France Georgia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1990 51.6% 36.8% - -
1991 52.7% 37.8% - -
1992 54% 41.7% - -
1993 56.5% 48.2% - -
1994 55.9% 51.6% - -
1995 56% 57.8% 15.6% 19.8%
1996 56% 60.6% 18.4% 38.9%
1997 55.6% 62% 21.9% 48.2%
1998 54% 62.1% 18.9% 80%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 19.8% 76.5%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 16.9% 58.5%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 16.8% 53%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 16% 50.3%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 16.1% 54.6%
2004 54% 66.9% 18.9% 44.3%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 21.6% 35.3%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 22.7% 28.3%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 27.7% 22.5%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 31.8% 26.3%
2009 58% 84.1% 34.8% 33.6%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 31% 31.4%
2011 57% 88.7% 27.1% 27.7%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 27.7% 28.1%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 26.6% 28.9%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 27.5% 30.3%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 27% 36%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 27.8% 39.5%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 27.2% 38.9%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 26.7% 38.2%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 28.7% 40%
2020 61.7% 114.8% 34.1% 59.6%
2021 59.5% 112.7% 31.2% 49.1%
2022 58.4% 111.3% 28.5% 39.2%
2023 56.9% 109.7% 29.7% 38.9%
2024 57.2% 113.1% 30.3% 36.1%
2025 57.3% 116.3% 29.9% 35.8%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$183B, equivalent to -5.79% of GDP. This compares to Georgia's deficit of -$775M, or -2.3% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Georgia ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to -4.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.16% of GDP for Georgia.

Deficit/surplus
France

Georgia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Georgia
1880 0.65% -
1881 0.64% -
1882 -0.15% -
1883 -0.23% -
1884 -0.35% -
1885 -0.59% -
1886 -0.5% -
1887 -0.07% -
1888 0.18% -
1889 0.09% -
1890 0.31% -
1891 0.36% -
1892 -0.03% -
1893 -0.3% -
1894 -0.08% -
1895 -0.07% -
1896 -0.03% -
1897 0.01% -
1898 0.29% -
1899 0.21% -
1900 0.21% -
1901 -0.39% -
1902 -0.37% -
1903 0.21% -
1904 0.3% -
1905 0.18% -
1906 -0.04% -
1907 0.23% -
1908 -0.15% -
1909 -0.11% -
1910 -0.12% -
1911 0.31% -
1912 0.23% -
1913 0.05% -
1914 0.05% -
1915 0.05% -
1916 0.05% -
1917 0.05% -
1918 0.05% -
1919 -2.65% -
1920 6.6% -
1921 4.63% -
1922 2.42% -
1923 1.85% -
1924 2.11% -
1925 -0.87% -
1926 -0.02% -
1927 -0.04% -
1928 1.13% -
1929 1.48% -
1930 -1.65% -
1931 -2.06% -
1932 -1.86% -
1933 -4.96% -
1934 -4.31% -
1935 -4.22% -
1936 -4.76% -
1937 -6.89% -
1938 -6.89% -
1939 -6.89% -
1940 -6.89% -
1941 -6.89% -
1942 -6.89% -
1943 -6.89% -
1944 -6.89% -
1945 -6.89% -
1946 -8.1% -
1947 -7.6% -
1948 -9.11% -
1949 -7.31% -
1950 -5.56% -
1951 -4.42% -
1952 -6.82% -
1953 -4.79% -
1954 -0.78% -
1955 -1.04% -
1956 -2.62% -
1957 -1.99% -
1958 0.08% -
1959 0.56% -
1960 -1.95% -
1961 -1.36% -
1962 -1.53% -
1963 -2.24% -
1964 -0.25% -
1965 -0.07% -
1966 -0.57% -
1967 -0.8% -
1968 -2.54% -
1969 -0.49% -
1970 0.02% -
1971 -0.13% -
1972 1.94% -
1973 1.97% -
1974 3.05% -
1975 -0.28% -
1976 1.01% -
1977 0.9% -
1978 -1.73% -
1979 -0.36% -
1980 -0.27% -
1981 -2.39% -
1982 -2.91% -
1983 -2.58% -
1984 -2.8% -
1985 -3.08% -
1986 -3.3% -
1987 -2.13% -
1988 -2.7% -
1989 -1.9% -
1990 -2.45% -
1991 -2.89% -
1992 -4.64% -
1993 -6.4% -
1994 -5.46% -
1995 -5.11% -4.89%
1996 -3.89% -5.91%
1997 -3.71% -6.79%
1998 -2.39% -4%
1999 -1.55% -4.72%
2000 -1.32% -1.92%
2001 -1.42% -0.71%
2002 -3.18% -0.19%
2003 -4.09% -0.55%
2004 -3.55% 3.59%
2005 -3.5% 2.14%
2006 -2.66% 3.28%
2007 -2.99% 0.81%
2008 -3.5% -1.92%
2009 -7.38% -6.36%
2010 -7.16% -4.48%
2011 -5.3% -0.81%
2012 -5.17% -0.71%
2013 -4.94% -1.25%
2014 -4.57% -1.78%
2015 -3.89% -1.16%
2016 -3.76% -1.49%
2017 -3.36% -0.45%
2018 -2.32% -0.8%
2019 -2.39% -1.82%
2020 -8.93% -9.16%
2021 -6.58% -5.97%
2022 -4.74% -2.2%
2023 -5.45% -2.33%
2024 -5.79% -2.3%
2025 -5.46% -2.56%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.62%, compared with 6.74% in Georgia. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 1.11% in Georgia.

Inflation
France

Georgia
Year Inflation
France Georgia France Georgia
1996 1.98% 39.4%
1997 1.2% 7.09%
1998 0.65% 3.57%
1999 0.54% 19.2%
2000 1.68% 4.06%
2001 1.63% 4.65%
2002 1.92% 5.59%
2003 2.1% 0.84%
2004 2.14% 5.66%
2005 1.75% 8.25%
2006 1.68% 9.16%
2007 1.49% 9.24%
2008 2.81% 10%
2009 0.09% 1.73%
2010 1.53% 7.11%
2011 2.11% 8.54%
2012 1.95% -0.94%
2013 0.86% -0.51%
2014 0.51% 3.07%
2015 0.04% 4%
2016 0.18% 2.13%
2017 1.03% 6.04%
2018 1.85% 2.62%
2019 1.11% 4.85%
2020 0.48% 5.2%
2021 1.64% 9.57%
2022 5.22% 11.9%
2023 4.88% 2.49%
2024 2% 1.11%

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $157M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $56.2M
Machinery & equipment $36.7M
Animal & marine products $20.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $15.8M
Wood & paper products $8.66M
Raw agricultural goods $3.34M
Raw materials & minerals $2.28M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.42M
Metals $1.37M
Georgia
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $26M
Machinery & equipment $15.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.2M
Raw agricultural goods $10M
Metals $4.09M
Business & finance services $3.82M
Animal & marine products $2.42M
Raw materials & minerals $1.06M
Government & miscellaneous services $842K
IT & IP services $818K

Balance of trade

France Georgia
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
39/189
2024
132/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-4.53%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$15.2B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$3.82B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$7.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34%
2024
56%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.2%
2024
48.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Georgia
Economic freedom 64.4 69
Economic freedom ranking 69/197 41/197
Property rights 92.9 62.3
Government integrity 74.3 58.9
Judicial effectiveness 84.2 55.3
Tax burden 54.3 89.1
Government spending 0 72.9
Fiscal health 30 75.9
Business freedom 81.9 78.1
Labor freedom 60.2 63.5
Monetary freedom 70.3 65.3
Trade freedom 79.6 86.2
Investment freedom 75 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.4, ranking 69/197, compared to 69 for Georgia, ranking 41/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

France
Georgia
Year Economic freedom index
France Georgia
1995 64.4 -
1996 63.7 44.1
1997 59.1 46.5
1998 58.9 47.9
1999 59.1 52.5
2000 57.4 54.3
2001 58 58.3
2002 58 56.7
2003 59.2 58.6
2004 60.9 58.9
2005 60.5 57.1
2006 61.1 64.5
2007 62.1 69.3
2008 64.7 69.2
2009 63.3 69.8
2010 64.2 70.4
2011 64.6 70.4
2012 63.2 69.4
2013 64.1 72.2
2014 63.5 72.6
2015 62.5 73
2016 62.3 72.6
2017 63.3 76
2018 63.9 76.2
2019 63.8 75.9
2020 66 77.1
2021 65.7 77.2
2022 65.9 71.8
2023 63.6 68.7
2024 62.5 68.4
2025 64.4 69

More economic indicators

France Georgia
Services, % of GDP
70.4%
2024
62.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
19.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.43%
2024
5.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$30.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$62,620
2024
$26,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$4.45B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
104/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$906M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.37B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$462M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
12.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
9.4%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.